Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

TARGET2——欧洲支付系统的一体化

泛欧自动实时总额清算快速转移系统(简称TARGET),由一个技术连接平台将16个国家级的RTGS系统连接,它同时还与欧洲央行的支付机制相互连接,是欧洲金融基础设施的重要一环,对金融稳定至关重要。2007年11月,欧洲将推出基于单一技术平台上的新一代TARGET2系统,该文从TARGET2系统的设计、参与方式及其证券清算系统等方面全面介绍了新一代TARGET2系统,认为它将为市场参与者提供成本、运行以及流动性管理等方面的诸多便利。

Feature Extraction of Radar Range Profiles Based on Normalized Central Moments

The normalized central moments are widely used in pattern recognition because of scale and translation invariance. The moduli of normalized central moments of the 1-dimensional complex range profiles are used here as feature vector for radar target recognition. The common feature extraction method for high resolution range profile obtained by using Fourier-modified direct Mellin transform is inefficient and unsatisfactory in recognition rate And. generally speaking, the automatic target recognition method based on inverse synthetic aperture radar 2-dimensional imaging is not competent for real time object identification task because it needs complicated motion compensation which is sometimes too difficult to carry out. While the method applied here is competent for real-time recognition because of its computational efficiency. The result of processing experimental data indicates that this method is good at recognition.

Evaluation of the Third 90 of the 90-90-90 Cascade for the Period 2019-2020 in the Central African Republic

Introduction In Central-African Republic, according to UNAIDS in 2019, out of approximately 100,000 people living with HIV, 70% (72,000) knew their HIV status and 47,000 (46%) were on ARV therapy;however, there is a paucity of data on viral load suppression in people on ARV therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the third 90 of the UNAIDS strategy for the years 2019 and 2020 in the CAR. Methods We analyzed the available viral load data extracted from the data base of the medical analysis laboratory (SYSLAM) of the Institut Pasteur of Bangui for the years 2019 and 2020. The viral loads were determined based on plasma collected in an EDTA tube with Cepheid’s GeneXpert® 16-module controllers. Viral load data were extracted from SYSLAM, converted to Excel format, and analyzed with STATA version 14 software. The significance threshold for the statistical tests was set at 5%. Results This study included 22,895 patients, of who 72% were female. The average age was 40.82 years, and the majority of the patients (80%) came from the city of Bangui. Regarding the virological parameters associated with this study, 66% of the patients had significant viral load suppression according to the WHO recommendations and 34% were in virological failure. Patients over 50 years of age (71.85%) and age group 40 - 49 years (69.25%) recorded significant levels of viral load suppression. On the other hand, 63.45% of patients under 18 years of age had virological failure. All of these results were statistically significant (p < 0.005). Conclusion There should be a concerted effort, to make viral load accessible and available to all patients receiving ARV treatment in the CAR and the management of HIV/AIDS infection of children and adolescents should be given special attention.

Maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on CDKF in observation bootstrapping strategy

The selection and optimization of model filters affect the precision of motion pattern identification and state estimation in maneuvering target tracking directly.Aiming at improving performance of model filters,a novel maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on central difference Kalman filter in observation bootstrapping strategy is proposed.The framework of interactive multiple model(IMM) is used to realize identification of motion pattern,and a central difference Kalman filter(CDKF) is selected as the model filter of IMM.Considering the advantage of multi-sensor fusion method in improving the stability and reliability of observation information,the hardware cost of the observation system for multiple sensors is adopted,meanwhile,according to the data assimilation technique in Ensemble Kalman filter(En KF),a bootstrapping observation set is constructed by integrating the latest observation and the prior information of observation noise.On that basis,these bootstrapping observations are reasonably used to optimize the filtering performance of CDKF by means of weight fusion way.The object of new algorithm is to improve the tracking precision of observed target by the multi-sensor fusion method without increasing the number of physical sensors.The theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

针对性沟通对PICC患者用药依从性、心理状态的影响

目的 探讨针对性沟通干预对经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter, PICC)患者用药依从性、心理状态的影响。方法 2022年1~12月治疗的PICC患者130例采用随机法分为常规组和针对性沟通组,每组65例。常规组的研究对象行常规干预,针对性沟通组研究对象采用针对性沟通进行干预,对比2组干预前与干预后用药依从性、心理状态、生活态度、自我效能、并发症及满意度的变化。结果 与常规组相比,针对性沟通组HAMA评分、HAMD评分、恐惧情绪自测表明显下降(P<0.05);且HERTH评分及自我效能、用药依从性、满意度明显提升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通过针对性沟通干预的开展,能有效提高PICC患者用药依从性、心理状态,改善患者生活态度。

靶向治疗联合化疗治疗原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床效果及安全性分析

目的:探究靶向治疗联合化疗治疗原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2021年4—12月吉林省肿瘤医院收治的84例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各42例。对照组实施传统化疗,研究组在对照组基础上实施靶向治疗。对比两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率及生存期。结果:研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P=0.033)。研究组肾功能损害、胃肠道反应、口腔炎发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);两组血液毒性、神经毒性发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,研究组安全生存期长于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:临床采用靶向治疗联合化疗有利于提高原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床疗效和生存期,且具有较高的安全性。

口腔种植术后疼痛机制及治疗的研究进展

随着口腔种植技术的快速发展,在牙列缺损或牙列缺失患者中,口腔种植修复已逐渐成为一种常规的修复方式。然而,口腔种植术作为“侵入性”治疗,即使经过准确的术前评估和规范的外科手术,患者也可能出现术后疼痛。术后疼痛会影响患者的语言交流、咀嚼及吞咽等,使患者的生活质量降低,甚至可引起医疗事故。随着种植手术的普及,未来可能会有更多的患者遭受种植术后疼痛,尤其是种植术后神经病理性疼痛,其治疗难度仍较大,且治疗药物的疗效往往不确切,并与各种不良反应有关。本文介绍了种植术后疼痛的相关机制,对种植术后疼痛的治疗进行概括,并结合当前研究热点提出未来治疗种植术后神经病理性疼痛的潜在靶点,旨在为开展相关临床工作提供新思路。

基于PBM-YOLOv8的水稻病虫害检测

为提高水稻病虫害检测精度,解决病虫害种类繁多、尺度不一、生长环境复杂导致的误检漏检问题,便于模型在边缘设备进行部署,提出一种基于改进YOLOv8的水稻病虫害检测方法 PBM-YOLOv8。首先使用部分卷积(partial convolution,PConv)设计PCBlock结构,替换YOLOv8特征提取模块中的瓶颈(bottleneck)结构,以减少模型参数量,提升检测速度;其次为了减少非相邻层语义信息特征融合时的稀释,在颈部网络增加平衡特征融合层,重构特征金字塔(feature pyramid networks,FPN)为平衡特征金字塔(balanced feature pyramid,BFP),对融合的特征层进行特征再提取,并引入嵌入高斯非局部注意力(embedded Gaussian non-local attention,EGNA)消除多层融合导致的混叠效应,最大程度减小特征丢失;最后将损失函数更换为MPDIOU,改善因样本差异性大而导致的检测框失真,同时降低模型训练的计算负担。试验结果表明,改进模型PBM-YOLOv8在水稻病虫害数据集上取得了更为优异的试验效果,相较于原始YOLOv8n基线模型精确度及平均准确率均值分别提高了1.3和1.1个百分点。将PBM-YOLOv8部署在RK3588上经多线程优化后检测速度可达到71.4帧/s,满足实际应用的需求,可实现对水稻病虫害的实时精准检测。

Resource-saving scheduling scheme for centralized target tracking in multiple radar system under automatic blanket jamming

This paper investigates the problem of Joint Radar Node Selection and Power Allocation(JRNSPA)in the Multiple Radar System(MRS)in the blanket jamming environment.Each radar node independently tracks moving target and subsequently transmits the raw observation data to the fusion center,which formulates a centralized tracking network structure.In order to establish a practical blanket jamming environment,we suppose that each target carries the self-defense jammer which automatically implements blanket jamming to the radar nodes that exceed the preset interception probability.Subsequently,the Predicted Conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(PC-CRLB)is derived and utilized as the tracking accuracy criterion.Aimed at ensuring both the tracking performance and the Low Probability of Intercept(LPI)performance,the resource-saving scheduling model is formulated to minimize the transmit power consumption while meeting the requirements of tracking accuracy.Finally,the Modified Zoutendijk Method Of Feasible Directions(MZMFD)-based two-stage solution technique is adopted to solve the formulated non-convex optimization model.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed JRNSPA scheme.

外泌体及其在中枢神经系统中的功能

外泌体是一类由细胞分泌至胞外的囊泡,生物发生主要涉及细胞质膜的两次内陷、多囊泡体的形成以及外泌体的释放。外泌体具有丰富多样的内含物,包括一些标志性膜蛋白、可溶蛋白、各类RNA分子和DNA片段等。细胞可以通过分泌和接受外泌体来实现细胞间的信号交流,外泌体通过膜上携带的配体分子与其他细胞质膜表面的受体相互作用,从而激活细胞的信号转导或与受体细胞质膜发生融合释放内容物进入胞质来发挥调节功能。在中枢神经系统中,神经元及各类神经胶质细胞分泌的神经外泌体可以介导布线式的突触信号传递,但主要还是以容积传递的方式发挥类似神经调质的功能。本文详细阐述了外泌体的生物发生过程及部分重要的功能性成分,就神经外泌体在发生、内容物分选和受控释放三个方面的特性与突触囊泡进行比较,总结了神经外泌体在中枢神经系统中发挥的生理功能及其在神经退行性疾病和抑郁症发生、发展中作用的研究进展,并对外泌体在神经系统疾病早期诊断及靶向治疗方面的应用前景进行了展望。

引入度中心性选择攻击节点的对抗攻击算法

图卷积网络(GCN)在图神经网络中应用广泛,在处理图结构数据方面发挥着重要作用。然而,最近的研究表明,GCN容易受到中毒攻击等恶意攻击。在针对GCN的所有可能的对抗性攻击中,有一种特殊的方法是针对图卷积网络的目标通用攻击TUA(target universal attack)。该方法在挑选攻击节点时为了简便采用随机选择策略,该策略忽略了节点邻居对节点的重要性,对攻击成功率有负面影响。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于度中心性的攻击节点选择策略的对抗攻击算法(adversarial attack algorithm based on degree centrality attack node selection strategy,DCANSS)。优化挑选攻击节点的方式,引入度中心性,得到攻击节点。注入假节点并与攻击节点连接。挑选辅助节点并应用图卷积网络的消息传递机制,使节点信息扩散,计算扰动并将扰动特征赋予假节点,完成攻击,达到误分类目标。在三个流行的数据集上的实验表明,当仅使用3个攻击节点和2个假节点时,所提出的攻击对图中任意受害节点的平均攻击成功率达到90%。将DCANSS算法与TUA算法以及其他建立的基线算法进行实验对比,进一步验证了DCANSS算法的攻击能力。

松辽盆地中央坳陷及邻区三维地热地质建模与地热资源靶区优选

三维地热地质建模能够直观反映地质体温度场分布格局,有助于圈定地热资源有利靶区。本文利用地球物理及钻孔资料、岩石热物性数据对松辽盆地中央坳陷区进行三维地质建模及温度场模拟,通过钻孔测温和实测大地热流数据,验证了地热地质模型的可靠性。结果表明,中央坳陷在1.0~4.0 km深度的温度分别为30.3℃~62.8℃、68.2℃~120.2℃、110.5℃~166.7℃、158.4℃~214.2℃。4.0 km深度内地温梯度介于36.9℃/km~57.4℃/km之间,平均地温梯度为48.4℃/km。嫩江组、姚家组二段—三段、青山口组二段—三段和泉三段—四段4套主力热储底板温度分别介于15.8℃~71.4℃、23.6℃~88.6℃、31.8℃~107.4℃和48.9℃~133.4℃,其中华字井阶地、大庆长垣、宾县王府凹陷为热储温度高值区。研究区现今地温场主要受基底起伏的控制,基底和沉积层热导率的差异引起的热流“折射”效应促进了浅部热量的再分配,形成了凹凸相间的地温场分布格局;此外,断裂构造对地温场高异常区的分布也有显著影响。结合热源、通道和储盖组合特征,圈定大庆长垣中部地区泉头组三段—四段为松辽盆地中央坳陷地热资源开发有利靶区。

法定数字货币时代的定向数量型货币政策研究——基于MIUP-DSGE模型

法定数字货币(Central Bank Digital Currency,CBDC)是既有数量又有方向区分的智能“异质矢量”货币,有助于实现货币政策的定向精准调控。基于CBDC的流向主体条件触发机制,构建了货币效用生产(Money in Utility&Production,MIUP)模型,并分别模拟了面向家庭或厂商的定向数量型货币政策调控效果。研究发现:传统数量型货币政策,同时影响经济总需求和总供给,但以需求侧效应为主;针对家庭的定向数量型货币政策,仅影响经济总需求,可兼顾“稳增长”与“稳通缩”,能有效缓解需求侧冲击;针对厂商的定向数量型货币政策,仅影响经济总供给,能同时“稳增长”与“稳通胀”,可有效缓解供给侧冲击。在CBDC时代,货币政策具有“定量+定向”双重属性,将促进货币政策从“大水漫灌”模式进入“精准滴灌”模式。因此,在CBDC功能创新方面,应同时关注交易支付功能和政策实施功能,做到多能并举和智能集成;货币政策创新要为宏观调控立良策谋善治,既要跟上货币形态和功能的演进,又要适应数字经济的发展要求。

“双碳”目标下区域集中供冷问题——以济南为例

中国建筑耗能约占全社会总能耗的30%,成为能源消耗的三大“耗能大户”之一。其中,空调系统在建筑耗能中的占比高达50%,是建筑运行能源消耗中最主要的组成部分。在“双碳”目标下,建筑节能减排潜力巨大。在此背景下,全国多个城市开始探索“区域集中供冷”的方案。本文以山东省济南市中央商务区(CBD)试运行“集中供冷”为例,分析探讨集中供冷模式的优势特点,以及项目难以推广的原因,并从公用事业和公共服务的角度,就提高“集中供冷”这项新兴的城市公用事业在未来大规模实施的可行性提出解决方案,旨在为推动“集中供冷”的推广使用和运行实践提供参考。

外泌体作为载体在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展

中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的治疗面临着复杂的生物学机制和血脑屏障(BBB)的双重挑战,近年来,外泌体——一种直径30-150 nm的小囊泡,作为细胞外囊泡(EVs)的一个关键组成部分,因其独特的生物学特性,在CNS疾病治疗领域显示出极大的潜力。外泌体具有穿越BBB的能力,能够作为潜在的药物递送系统,为CNS疾病治疗提供了新的策略。本综述旨在探讨外泌体的生物学特性、作为治疗载体的优势以及其主要的装载方法。此外,本文还介绍外泌体在CNS疾病治疗中的应用进展,展望其作为一种安全且有效的治疗手段在未来的潜力。

经颅直流电刺激不同靶点治疗帕金森病效果的网状Meta分析

目的:系统评价经颅直流电刺激对帕金森患者运动功能的康复疗效,并比较经颅直流电刺激作用于不同靶点对帕金森患者运动功能的疗效差异,为临床中经颅直流电刺激的靶点选择提供理论依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方数据库,以“帕金森、经颅直流电刺激”为中文检索词,以“Parkinson,transcranial direct current stimulation”为英文检索词,收集从各数据库建库至2023年1月发表的关于经颅直流电刺激改善帕金森患者运动功能的随机对照试验。使用Cochrane 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具和PEDro量表对纳入研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入15项随机对照试验,PEDro量表评估显示均为高质量或极高质量研究。②Meta分析显示,与对照组相比经颅直流电刺激可显著提高UPDRS-Ⅲ评分(MD=-2.49,95%CI:-4.42至-0.55,P<0.05)、步频评分(MD=0.07,95%CI:0.03-0.11,P<0.05)和步速评分(MD=0.02,95%CI:0.00-0.05,P<0.05),但对BBS评分(MD=2.57,95%CI:-0.74-5.87,P>0.05)的提高不明显。③网状Meta分析概率排序结果显示,在UPDRS-Ⅲ评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为背外侧前额叶皮质(52.4%)>初级皮质运动区(45.8%)>大脑中央点(1.8%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步频评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(50.1%)>大脑中央点(45.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(3.9%)>初级皮质运动区(0.2%)>常规康复治疗(0%);在步速评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为小脑(64.8%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(23.8%)>大脑中央点(9.4%)>初级皮质运动区(1.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.4%);在BBS评分方面,刺激靶点疗效的概率排序结果为:小脑(77.4%)>背外侧前额叶皮质(20.7%)>大脑中央点(0.7%)>常规康复治疗(0.2%)。结论:经颅直流电刺激可显著改善帕金森患者运动功能,其中刺激背外侧前额叶皮质区域对改善帕金森患者运动协调方面疗效更佳,而刺激小脑区域对改善帕金森患者步行和平衡方面疗效更佳。

基于集中式特征金字塔的交通标志识别

针对目前交通标志识别技术中存在的畸变目标、小目标检测难等问题,提出一种基于集中式特征金字塔的交通标志识别算法。首先,使用集中式特征金字塔改进原始的特征融合网络,用轻量级多层感知机(MLP)来捕获全局远程依赖,通过可学习视觉中心机制(LVC)来捕获输入图像的局部角区域,提高了对畸变目标以及小目标的检测精度;其次,使用递归门控卷积提取浅层特征图的高阶空间交互信息,改善对小目标的检测效果;最后,使用SIoU回归损失函数,引入角度损失,重新定义惩罚指标,减少总损失的自由度,防止预测框在训练时四处游荡,加快收敛速度,使定位更加精确。在TT100K数据集上平均检测精度为93.4%,和传统的YOLOv5n相比精度提升了3.5个百分点,帧处理速度达到94.34fps。

血根碱壳聚糖微球的制备工艺优化及体内外性能研究

本研究旨在探讨血根碱壳聚糖微球的最优制备方法,并对微球进行外观粒径表征和体内外研究。本研究建立了血根碱含量测定的HPLC法,运用乳化交联法制备血根碱壳聚糖微球,以载药量、包封率和平均粒径为评价指标,应用单因素试验和星点设计-响应面法优化制备处方。利用显微镜和扫描电镜观察微球外观形态,通过激光粒度仪测定微球粒径及其分布。采用动态透析法取不同时间点的血根碱原料药溶液和血根碱壳聚糖微球溶液,并考察两种溶液的体外释放度,最后进行药动学方程拟合。对不同组小鼠注射血根碱原料液和血根碱微球液,不同时间取组织血测定,观察体内分布及靶向性。结果表明:血根碱HPLC含量测定得曲线方程y=2.530 0x+43.323 1(R^(2)=0.999 8,线性范围为10.0~50.0μg/mL)。单因素试验和星点设计-响应面法得最优处方:血根碱投药量60 mg,壳聚糖用量70mg,乳化剂用量5%,戊二醇用量0.25mL、水油体积比3:10,醋酸浓度2%、搅拌速度500r/min和交联时间3.5h。观察到血根碱壳聚糖微球形态近似球形及表面较光滑,测定得平均粒径(8.17±0.16)μm,粒径分布为2~20μm。体外释放显示,血根碱壳聚糖微球较血根碱原料药释放缓慢,Ritger-Peppas方程拟合效果较好(R^(2)=0.980 8)。血根碱微球在小鼠体内有明显缓释作用,在肺部和肝脏存在不同程度靶向性。血根碱壳聚糖微球体外释放具有明显的缓释作用,在小鼠体内分布具有一定靶向性和缓释性。

基于分布式PMHT的多传感器多目标跟踪

在目标跟踪领域,概率多假设跟踪(probability multiple hypothesis tracking,PMHT)算法作为一种批处理算法,计算量远远小于传统的多假设跟踪算法。当前,PMHT算法的应用受限于集中式处理,本文首先在传统算法的基础上对传感器网络下的算法似然进行了推导,得到多传感器算法下的关联后参数,接着基于共识性处理策略进行了混合共识,最后使用卡尔曼滤波完成了对目标参数的后验估计,使得PMHT算法能够被应用于不包含融合中心的全分布式传感器网络多目标跟踪。实验结果表明,在不同的杂波密度下,分布式PMHT在跟踪误差上相对于单传感器算法有着90%以上的改善效果,与集中式算法相比跟踪性能接近且运算速度更快。