产前超声诊断Binder综合征

Binder综合征是罕见的先天性面中部发育畸形[1],发病率约1/18000[2]。三维超声具有立体成像、动态可视化等优点,能实时、动态观察胎儿颜面部结构,已广泛应用于临床。本研究观察产前超声诊断Binder综合征的价值。1资料与方法1.1研究对象收集2019年10月—2022年10月于甘肃省妇幼保健院经产前超声诊断为Binder综合征的7胎胎儿,均为单胎,孕周22~24周、平均(22.9±0.7)周;孕妇年龄26~36岁、平均(30.0±3.3)岁,其中1名孕期有环境毒害物(甲醛)接触史,1名有孕早期服药史(布洛芬),1名孕期从事美甲工作并频繁接触甲醇、乙醛等化学溶剂。本研究经院伦理委员会批准[(2021)GSFY伦审[47]号];孕妇及其家属均知情同意。

High energy density in ultra-thick and flexible electrodes enabled by designed conductive agent/binder composite

Thick electrodes can increase incorporation of active electrode materials by diminishing the proportion of inactive constituents,improving the overall energy density of batteries.However,thick electrodes fabricated using the conventional slurry casting approach frequently exhibit an exacerbated accumulation of carbon additives and binders on their surfaces,invariably leading to compromised electrochemical properties.In this study,we introduce a designed conductive agent/binder composite synthesized from carbon nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene.This agent/binder composite facilitates production of dry-process-prepared ultra-thick electrodes endowed with a three-dimensional and uniformly distributed percolative architecture,ensuring superior electronic conductivity and remarkable mechanical resilience.Using this approach,ultra-thick LiCoO_(2)(LCO) electrodes demonstrated superior cycling performance and rate capabilities,registering an impressive loading capacity of up to 101.4 mg/cm^(2),signifying a 242% increase in battery energy density.In another analytical endeavor,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to clarify the distribution of cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) in cycled LCO electrodes.The results provide unprecedented evidence explaining the intricate correlation between CEI generation and carbon distribution,highlighting the intrinsic advantages of the proposed dry-process approach in fine-tu ning the CEI,with excellent cycling performance in batteries equipped with ultra-thick electrodes.

Dry Mix Slag—High-Calcium Fly Ash Binder. Part Two: Durability

This work investigates durability of cement-free mortars with a binder comprised of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) activated by high-calcium fly ash (HCFA) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3): the soundness, sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reactivity and efflorescence factors are considered. Results of tests show that such mortars are resistant to alkali-silica expansion. Mortars are also sulfate-resistant when the amount of HCFA in the complex binder is within a limit of 10 wt%. The fineness of fly ash determines its’ ability to activate GGBFS hydration, and influence soundness of the binder, early strength development, sulfate resistance and efflorescence behavior. The present article is a continuation of authors’ work, previously published in MSA, Vol. 14, 240-254.

Coarse WC Particles Ceramic-Metal Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

The coarse WC particles ceramic-metal com-posite coatings with WC density of 67 wt-% andthickness of 1.0-1.2 mm have been cladded on20Ni4Mo steel surface by a 2 kW CO2 laser.Thesintered WC particles with the size of 600-1000 μmare chosen as the main strengthening phase,Ni-base self-flux alloy as the binder in the compo-site coatings.The microstructure andmicrohardness of both WC particles and binder areanalysed.The rigid ball indention with acousticemission technique is used to evaluate thebrittleness of the coating.Finally,the abrasive wearresistance of the coating is tested.Besides,thecoatings with the same ratio and size of WC parti-cles in low carbon steel tube rod were cladded on20Ni4Mo steel by atomic hydrogen welding tech-nique and analysed by the same way,their resultsare compared.

Effects of binder components and PVA modifier on bonding performance of phosphate binder for sand core-making

A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium oxide:boric acid=300:70:60:9:8.Adding 10%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution during the sand mixture process can significantly improve the 24 h tensile strength of sand samples.When adding 30 g phosphate binder and 8 g 10%PVA solution,the initial tensile strength of the sample is 0.76 MPa,the room temperature tensile strength is 2.29 MPa,and the 24 h tensile strength is 1.73 MPa.The heat-curing modified phosphate sand mold has high tensile strength and low gas generation,which can meet general casting production requirements.

Novel polyimide binder for achieving high-rate capability and long-term cycling stability of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode via constructing polar and micro-branched crosslinking network structure

LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)material,as the promising cathode candidate for next-generation highenergy lithium-ion batteries,has gained considerable attention for extremely high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the intrinsic drawbacks of NCM811 such as unstable structure and inevitable interface side reaction result in severe capacity decay and thermal runaway.Herein,a novel polyimide(denoted as PI-Om DT)constructed with the highly polar and micro-branched crosslinking network is reported as a binder material for NCM811 cathode.The micro-branched crosslinking network is achieved by using 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene(TAPOB)as a crosslinker via condensation reaction,which endows excellent mechanical properties and large free volume.Meanwhile,the massive polar carboxyl(-COOH)groups provide strong adhesion sites to active NCM811 particles.These functions of PIOm DT binder collaboratively benefit to forming the mechanically robust and homogeneous coating layer with rapid Li+diffusion on the surface of NCM811,significantly stabilizing the cathode structure,suppressing the detrimental interface side reaction and guaranteeing the shorter ion-diffusion and electron-transfer paths,consequently enhancing electrochemical performance.As compared to the NCM811 with PVDF binder,the NCM811 using PI-Om DT binder delivers a superior high-rate capacity(121.07 vs.145.38 m Ah g^(-1))at 5 C rate and maintains a higher capacity retention(80.38%vs.91.6%)after100 cycles at 2.5–4.3 V.Particularly,at the high-voltage conditions up to 4.5 and 4.7 V,the NCM811 with PI-Om DT binder still maintains the remarkable capacity retention of 88.86%and 72.5%after 100 cycles,respectively,paving the way for addressing the high-voltage operating stability of the NCM811 cathode.Moreover,the full-charged NCM811 cathode with PI-Om DT binder exhibits a significantly enhanced thermal stability,improving the safety performance of batteries.This work opens a new avenue for developing high-energy NCM811 based lithium-ion batteries with long cycle-life and superior safety performance using a novel and effective binder.

Silk fibroin-based biopolymer composite binders with gradient binding energy and strong adhesion force for high-performance micro-sized silicon anodes

Micro-sized silicon anodes have shown much promise in large-scale industrial production of high-energy lithium batteries.However,large volume change(>300%)of silicon anodes causes severe particle pulverization and the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases during cycling,leading to rapid capacity decay and short cycle life of lithium-ion batteries.When addressing such issues,binder plays key roles in obtaining good structural integrity of silicon anodes.Herein,we report a biopolymer composite binder composed of rigid poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)and flexible silk fibroin(SF)tailored for micro-sized silicon anodes.The PAA/SF binder shows robust gradient binding energy via chemical interactions between carboxyl and amide groups,which can effectively accommodate large volume change of silicon.This PAA/SF binder also shows much stronger adhesion force and improved binding towards high-surface/defective carbon additives,resulting in better electrochemical stability and higher coulombic efficiency,than conventional PAA binder.As such,micro-sized silicon/carbon anodes fabricated with novel PAA/SF binder exhibit much better cyclability(up to 500 cycles at 0.5 C)and enhanced rate capability compared with conventional PAA-based anodes.This work provides new insights into the design of functional binders for high-capacity electrodes suffering from large volume change for the development of nextgeneration lithium batteries.

Rational design of stretchable and conductive hydrogel binder for highly reversible SiP2 anode

The emerging SiP2with large capacity and suitable plateau is proposed to be the alternative anode for Li-ion batteries.However,typical SiP2still suffers from serious volume expansion and structural destruction,resulting in much Li-consumption and capacity fading.Herein,a novel stretchable and conductive Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS binder is rationally designed to improve the cyclability and reversibility of SiP2.Interestingly,such Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS hydrogel enables a better accommodation of volume expansion than PVDF binder(e.g.5.94% vs.68.73% of expansivity).More specially,the SiP2electrode with LiPAA@PEDOT:PSS binder is surprisingly found to enable unexpected structural recombination and selfhealing Li-storage processes,endowing itself with a high initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE) up to 93.8%,much higher than PVDF binder(ICE=70.7%) as well.Such unusual phenomena are investigated in detail for Li-PAA@PEDOT:PSS,and the possible mechanism shows that its Li-PAA component enables to prevent the pulverization of SiP2nanoparticles while the PEDOT:PSS greatly bridges fast electronic connection for the whole electrode.Consequently,after being further composited with carbon matrix,the SiP2/C with LiPAA@PEDOT:PSS hydrogel exhibits high reversibility(ICE> 93%),superior cyclability(>450 cycles),and rate capability(1520 mAh/g at 2000 mA/g) for LIBs.This highly stretchable and conductive binder design can be easily extended to other alloying materials toward advanced energy storage.

Optimization of Animal-Glue Binders for Casting Applications

In typical metal foundry applications,sand casting is still the most used technology.The related binder plays a very important role as its performances can directly influence the quality of castings.Among many binders,glues of animal origin have attracted much attention in recent years due to their reduced environmental impact.How-ever,they display some drawbacks such as the tendency to coagulate easily at room temperature and a relatively low strength.In this study,a novel gas-hardening casting binder was prepared using an animal glue and anhy-drous potassium carbonate as a hydrolyzing agent to avoid undesired agglomeration.Moreover,sodium pyropho-sphate and furfuryl alcohol were exploited as modifiers to obtain a binder with a high compressive strength.The best modification conditions,determined by means of an orthogonal design matrix approach,were 4 g of Na2CO3,sodium pyrophosphate,furfuryl alcohol and animal glue with a ratio of 4:12:100,at 85°C and with a duration of 115 min,respectively.The viscosity of the mixture obtained under these optimized conditions was 1250 mPa⋅s.The compressive strength of the binder,hardened by CO_(2) gas,was 4.00 MPa.Its gas evolution at 850°C was 15 ml⋅g-1,and its residual strength after 10 min calculation at 800°C was 0.01 MPa,which is high enough to meet the requirement of core-making in foundry.Moreover,after hydrolysis and further modification,animal glue and modifiers displayed a grafting reaction and an esterification reaction,respectively,which made the adhesive network denser and improved its thermal stability.

Virtual strain loading method for low temperature cohesive failure of asphalt binder

Cohesive failure is one of the primary reasons for low-temperature cracking in asphalt pavements.Understanding the micro-level mechanism is crucial for comprehending cohesive failure behavior.However,previous literature has not fully reported on this aspect.Moreover,there has been insufficient attention given to the correlation between macroscopic and microscopic failures.To address these issues,this study employed molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the low-temperature tensile behavior of asphalt binder.By applying virtual strain,the separation work during asphalt binder tensile failure was calculated.Additionally,a correlation between macroscopic and microscopic tensile behaviors was established.Specifically,a quadrilateral asphalt binder model was generated based on SARA fractions.By applying various combinations of virtual strain loading,the separation work at tensile failure was determined.Furthermore,the impact of strain loading combinations on separation work was analyzed.Normalization was employed to establish the correlation between macroscopic and microscopic tensile behaviors.The results indicated that thermodynamic and classical mechanical indicators validated the reliability of the tetragonal asphalt binder model.The strain loading combination consists of strain rate and loading number.All strain loading combinations exhibited the similar tensile failure characteristic.The critical separation strain was hardly influenced by strain loading combination.However,increasing strain rate significantly enhanced both the maximum traction stress and separation work of the asphalt binder.An increment in the loading number led to a decrease in separation work.The virtual strain combination of 0.5%-80 provided a more accurate representation of the actual asphalt's tensile behavior trend.

Dry Mix Slag—High-Calcium Fly Ash Binder. Part One: Hydration and Mechanical Properties

High-calcium fly ash (HCFA)—a residue of high-temperature coal combustion at thermal power plants, in combination with sodium carbonate presents an effective hardening activator of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). Substitution of 10% - 30% of GGBFS by HCFA and premixing of 1% - 3% Na2CO3 to this dry binary binder was discovered to give mortar compression strength of 10 - 30 to 30 - 45 MPa at 7 and 28 days when moist cured at ambient temperature. High-calcium fly ash produced from low-temperature combustion of fuel, like in circulating fluidized bed technology, reacts with water readily and is itself a good hardening activator for GGBFS, so introduction of Na2CO3 into such mix has no noticeable effect on the mortar strength. However, low-temperature HCFA has higher water demand, and the strength of mortar is compromised by this factor. As of today, our research is still ongoing, and we expect to publish more data on different aspects of durability of proposed GGBFS-HCFA binder later.

陶瓷结合剂金刚石团聚磨料探索

细粒度金刚石微粉大量积压是目前金刚石微粉制造行业面临的问题之一,为促进其应用,以铝硼硅结合剂为黏接剂、Si粉和Ti粉为添加剂制造团聚磨料试样,并将制成的团聚磨料加入铝硼硅结合剂中制成陶瓷结合剂试样,对所制试样的抗弯强度、物相构成和微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:添加Si或Ti的铝硼硅黏结剂均能起到团聚金刚石的作用;当团聚磨料中Si或Ti的质量分数为10.0%时,所制得的陶瓷结合剂试样抗弯强度最大,且添加Si的团聚磨料试样抗弯强度为43.74 MPa;当Si或Ti的质量分数超过10.0%时,团聚磨料试样中出现大量Si或者TiO2峰,其抗弯强度急剧下降;添加Si的团聚磨料试样与添加Ti的团聚磨料试样相比,其具有更大的粒度和更均匀的粒度分布,添加Si的铝硼硅黏结剂可将1~2μm的磨料团聚为5~10μm的磨料。

RDX基PBX在高温条件下热损伤表征试验研究

炸药热损伤特征及演化行为对装药安全性具有重要影响。为探究高聚物黏结剂炸药(Polymer Binder Explosive,PBX)在不同温度载荷下的内部损伤和演化行为,对无约束状态下炸药进行烤燃试验,使用分析天平监测炸药的质量变化,并采用显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等技术对炸药样品的表面和内部损伤进行表征。结果表明:温度越高,炸药的质量损失越大且损失速率越快;加热过程中黏结剂先发生熔化,随着加热时间变长和温度升高,黏结剂熔化程度增大,流动性增强,气体从炸药表面孔洞内逸出,孔洞增多且尺寸变大;温度越高炸药内部出现的孔隙越多,孔隙尺寸越大,孔隙主要是由于气体从试样内部逸出形成;炸药内部比表面积变化趋势为上升—下降—上升,其变化趋势受到化学反应速率和黏结剂的流动及损失影响。黏结剂材料的热稳定性是影响炸药热损伤演化行为的重要因素。

含能热塑性弹性体推进剂研究进展

含能热塑性弹性体推进剂具有高能量、力学性能优异、可循环利用、可回收等优点,近年来成为固体推进剂发展的重要方向。总结了常见的含能热塑性弹性体的综合性能;论述了含能热塑性弹性体推进剂在高能、高燃速、钝感、低特征信号和富燃料推进剂等领域的研究进展;介绍了压延成型、模压成型、螺压成型和熔铸成型四种含能热塑性弹性体推进剂的制备工艺;综述了含能热塑性弹性体推进剂的重复加工性能和回收利用工艺;指出了目前该类推进剂存在的问题和不足,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

矿渣水泥基复合材料在杂散电流作用下的抗软水溶蚀机理研究

在轨道交通工程运营期间,复杂的服役环境导致混凝土结构耐久性下降。本文主要研究了在杂散电流与软水溶蚀耦合作用下,矿渣掺量、水胶比和杂散电流电压强度对矿渣水泥基复合材料微观结构的影响。结合X射线衍射、热重、扫描电子显微镜和压汞等方法,分析了矿渣水泥基复合材料经溶蚀90 d后的物相组成、Ca(OH)_(2)含量、微观形貌以及孔结构变化。研究结果表明:矿渣掺量越大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量越少,材料的孔隙率越低,结构更均匀致密;随着杂散电流电压强度的增加,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)和AFt含量变少,且AFt和Ca(OH)_(2)等物相边界变得模糊不清;矿渣水泥基复合材料中C-(A)-S-H的含量略有增多,孔隙率略有下降;随着水胶比的增大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量变少,剩余物相含量变少,微观结构变得松散多孔,孔径结构整体粗化,孔隙率增大。

矿物掺合料对复合胶凝材料浆体静态屈服应力的影响

复合胶凝材料浆体的静态屈服应力可用于表征浆体内部微观结构建立的特性,且对新拌水泥基材料的施工与3D打印过程有很大影响。本文研究了矿物掺合料的种类和掺量对复合胶凝材料浆体静态屈服应力变化规律的影响。研究发现,矿物掺合料的细度增大使颗粒表面的水膜层厚度减小,导致浆体的静态屈服应力增大。复合胶凝材料浆体的静态屈服应力在加水搅拌后的一段时间内缓慢增加,浆体结构建立速率较小。在加水搅拌后大约1.5 h,复合胶凝材料浆体的静态屈服应力迅速增大,表明浆体内部结构的连接程度已接近不可破坏的程度,浆体开始凝结,向固体状态转变。

基于混凝土切割面统计方法的纤维取向分布研究

纤维分布和取向是影响纤维增强混凝土力学性能的重要因素。本文采用混凝土切割面统计方法研究不同水胶比和振捣时间对钢纤维混凝土中纤维分布及取向的影响。结果表明:随着水胶比和振捣时间的增加,边壁效应对纤维分布影响减弱;高水胶比条件下纤维在垂直于振捣方向上出现了偏析现象(垂直方向上的不均匀分布),随振捣时间增加,偏析更显著;对于高性能混凝土,增加振捣时间有利于纤维的均匀分布,而普通混凝土应缩短振捣时间。此外,统计结果表明,钢纤维取向角分布呈现高斯分布规律,峰值处于40°~50°。当水胶比为0.45,振捣时间为20 s,纤维取向角在45°附近,纤维数量占比最大,纤维取向系数达到0.73。

Android下Binder进程间通信机制的分析与研究

Binder IPC(Inter-Process Communication,进程间通信)机制是Android操作系统中重要的IPC机制。研究BinderIPC机制对于完成Android中进程间通信的程序开发有着重要的意义。文中系统地分析了Android操作系统下Binder的构架模型、Binder驱动的工作原理、Binder接口及运行机制,最后使用AIDL(Android Interface Definition Language)给出了运行Binder IPC机制的实例。实例结果表明Binder机制可以有效地完成Android系统中的进程间通信。

自体肋软骨联合脂肪移植治疗Binder综合征的临床应用研究

目的:探讨采用自体肋软骨联合颗粒脂肪矫正Binder综合征的鼻部畸形和面中部凹陷,术后通过观察鼻部形态变化和鼻腔通气、发音等功能变化,对其效果行综合评价。方法:对8例Binder综合征患者,常规切取第6/7肋软骨,雕刻成长条状、片状、块状和碎颗粒状,用来修复构建鼻小柱、鼻背、侧鼻、鼻翼、鼻中隔等鼻部亚单元结构,并采用自体脂肪和肋软骨颗粒混合物填充塌陷的梨状孔周围、鼻槛和上颌窦凹陷。结果:8例患者均获随访,最长随访5年,对畸形矫正效果和鼻部功能改善均满意。结论:自体肋软骨联合脂肪移植治疗Binder综合征,能较好的矫正鼻畸形和面中部凹陷,还可以不同程度改善鼻腔功能,长期效果稳定。

先进陶瓷黏结剂喷射增材制造技术发展与展望

在过去的20年中,陶瓷黏结剂喷射增材制造技术已经成为制造复杂陶瓷构件的一种革命性方法,特别是在航空航天、生物医疗、电子信息等多个关键领域展现出显著的应用潜力与价值。本文全面回顾了此技术的基础原理、材料选择、工艺流程、性能特征及制造缺陷,并针对未来的挑战和目标进行了深入展望。文中首先详细概述了该技术的成型原理,对其与其他增材制造工艺的优势和局限进行了对比分析;然后综合总结了国际研究进展,重点包括陶瓷粉末的性能与处理、黏结剂的配置与其在粉床中的动力学行为、工艺参数的调整与后续致密化工艺,并讨论了这些因素如何影响初坯和最终制件的密度、孔隙结构、组织特性及性能;最后,基于现有研究成果和应用局限,本文对粉末原材料、黏结剂的设计、工艺参数优化等方面提出了前瞻性的发展建议。本篇综述旨在为理解和应用陶瓷黏结剂喷射增材制造提供全面的科学研究和工程实践指导。