Connotation and Construction of "1+X" Certificate System in Higher Vocational Colleges : Taking Hetian Vocational and Technical College as an Example

This paper emphatically sums up the problems existing in the implementation of"1+X"certificate system by taking horticulture major in higher vocational colleges as an example.From the point of view of the improvement of"1+X"certificate system,the reform of talent training program,the improvement of teachers ability and summing up experience,this paper puts forward the updated working mode and ideas to provide strategies for accelerating the development of vocational education in southern Xinjiang.

A Probe into the Talent Training Mode of Vocational Colleges with"l+X"Certificate System based on Credit Bank

Based on credit bank,the"1+X"certificate system is a"flyover"for learners to interchange between the academic and vocational education.It is a significant innovation to promote high-quality vocational education development and enhance the influence of national vocational education.Vocational colleges can implement"1+X"certificate system via the credit bank and in turn,the popularization of the"1+X"certificate system would enrich and improve the former.China's development of the credit bank and the existing research on the"1+X"certificate system are analyzed to look for a way in the collaboration of credit bank and the T+X"certificate system.The firm collaboration as well as the connection and optimization between government,schools,and enterprises as one body form a new talent training mode with the"1+X"certificate system that integrates academy and certificates as well as involving both,schools and enterprises according to China's credit bank concept.

Paths to Integrating the 1+X Certificate System of Elderly Care into the Training of Higher Vocational Nursing Talents

In order to nurture more application-oriented talents for elderly care,this paper integrates the training of higher vocational nursing talents with the 1+X certificate system for elderly care through theoretical analysis.The paper first elaborate the application significance of the 1+X certificate system in the training of higher vocational nursing talents,and then proposes the ways to integrate the 1+X certificate system into the training of higher vocational nursing talents.

Evolutionary game-based optimization of green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity joint market for thermal-wind-photovoltaic power system

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market,the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing.Thus,a joint green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity multi-market trading process is proposed to study the market-based strategy for renewable energy.Considering the commodity characteristics of green certificates and carbon emission rights,the dynamic cost models of green certificates and carbon rights are constructed based on the Rubinstein game and ladder pricing models.Furthermore,considering the irrational bidding behavior of energy suppliers in the actual electricity market,an evolutionary game based multi-market bidding optimization model is presented.Subsequently,it is solved using a composite differential evolutionary algorithm.Finally,the case study results reveal that the proposed model can increase profits and the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emission.

A Blockchain-Based Certificate System with Credit Self-Adjustment

Currently,digital certificate systems based on blockchain have been extensively developed and adopted.However,most of them do not take into account the certificate quality.To evaluate the credibility of certificates issued by educational institutions,we propose a novel blockchain-based system with credit self-adjustment(BC-CS).In BC-CS,employers can provide feedback according to the performances of their employees(i.e.,students)holding different certificates.Based on the feedback,BC-CS automatically adjusts the certificate credits by using our proposed credit self-adjustment algorithm.To verify the feasibility of our proposed system,a decentralized application prototype has been developed on an Ethereum network.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can fully support multistep accreditation and automatic adjustment for certificate credit.

Blockchain-Based Certificate Authentication System with Enabling Correction

Blockchain has proven to be an emerging technology in the digital world, changing the way everyone thinks about data security and bringing efficiency to several industries. It has already been applied to a wide range of applications, from financial services and supply chain management to voting systems and identity verification. An organization must verify its candidates before selecting them. Choosing an unqualified candidate can ruin an organization’s reputation. In this paper, a blockchain-based academic certificate authentication system will be used to ensure authenticity and make the assertion of the decentralized system secure. However, the system will generate, authenticate and make corrections on academic certificates. Ultimately, some blockchain-based authentication systems already exist, they can’t correct any errors that occur during generation. A blockchain-based certificate authentication system was built using blockchain technology. Where admin could generate, authenticate and correct the certificate if necessary. The admin can also check how many times a certificate has been modified. Other users can only check the authenticity of the certificates. We’re using two blockchains to enable corrections. Blockchain technology can successfully implement a certificate authentication system. This system will eliminate doubts about the authenticity of certificates, provide fast responses, and ensure reliable and secure storage. The proposed system will help in many ways, such as providing a user-friendly university admission, and smooth job hiring process, etc. In conclusion, our proposed system can permanently eradicate certificate forgeries and create and promote trust in society.

The Role of Certificates and Labels for Cocoa in the Face of Climate Change: A Scientific Review

Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.

The Model of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”Integrated Education for Electronic Information Engineering Technology Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

The core education function of higher vocational colleges is to train technical talents with high quality,so as to meet the needs of talents in the development stage of our society.Under the guidance of talent training,higher vocational colleges need to pay attention to establishing an all-round and three-dimensional education model,and promote innovation of higher vocational education on the basis of this.It is also a way to promote the innovation of higher vocational education to vigorously promote the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode in the construction of education mode.Through the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode,the education mode of higher vocational colleges is gradually improved,so as to strengthen the effectiveness of talent training in higher vocational colleges.Therefore,in this paper,the author puts forward some suggestions to promote the construction of the integrated education mode of the electronic information engineering technology major in higher vocational colleges,so as to help improve the talent training level of higher vocational colleges.

Certrust:An SDN-Based Framework for the Trust of Certificates against Crossfire Attacks in IoT Scenarios

The low-intensity attack flows used by Crossfire attacks are hard to distinguish from legitimate flows.Traditional methods to identify the malicious flows in Crossfire attacks are rerouting,which is based on statistics.In these existing mechanisms,the identification of malicious flows depends on the IP address.However,the IP address is easy to be changed by attacks.Comparedwith the IP address,the certificate ismore challenging to be tampered with or forged.Moreover,the traffic trend in the network is towards encryption.The certificates are popularly utilized by IoT devices for authentication in encryption protocols.DTLShps proposed a new way to verify certificates for resource-constrained IoT devices by using the SDN controller.Based on DTLShps,the SDN controller can collect statistics on certificates.In this paper,we proposeCertrust,a framework based on the trust of certificates,tomitigate the Crossfire attack by using SDN for IoT.Our goal is threefold.First,the trust model is built based on the Bayesian trust system with the statistics on the participation of certificates in each Crossfire attack.Moreover,the forgetting curve is utilized instead of the traditional decay method in the Bayesian trust system for achieving a moderate decay rate.Second,for detecting the Crossfire attack accurately,a method based on graph connectivity is proposed.Third,several trust-based routing principles are proposed tomitigate the Crossfire attack.These principles can also encourage users to use certificates in communication.The performance evaluation shows that Certrust is more effective in mitigating the Crossfire attack than the traditional rerouting schemes.Moreover,our trust model has a more appropriate decay rate than the traditional methods.

Research on System of Enterprises’ Information Management Based on Attribute Certificate

In order to accommodate the complex network data of large scale companies,this thesis analyses PMI,strategy and role hierar-chical model.On such a basis,the thesis proposes an applicable plan for access control of enterprises’ information system based on attribute certificate.

Deletion and Recovery Scheme of Electronic Health Records Based onMedical Certificate Blockchain

The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.

A collaborative approach to integrated energy systems that consider direct trading of multiple energy derivatives

The cooperative model of a multi-subject Regional Integrated Energy System(RIES)is no longer limited to the trading of traditional energy,but the trading of new energy derivatives such as Green Certificates(GC),Service Power(SP),and CO_(2) will be more involved in the energy allocation of the cooperative model.This study was conducted for the multi-entity RIES cooperative model considering the trading of electronics,GC,SP,and CO_(2).First,a cooperative framework including wind-photovoltaic generation system(WG),combined heat and power system(CHP),and power-carbon-hydrogen load(PCH)is proposed,and the mechanism of energy derivatives trading is also analyzed.Then,the sub-models of each agent in the cooperative model are established separately so that WG has the capability of GC generation,CHP has the capability of GC and CO_(2) absorption,and PCH can realize the effective utilization of CO_(2).Then,the WG–CHP–PCH cooperative model is established and equated into two sub-problems of cooperative benefit maximization and transaction payment negotiation,which are solved in a distributed manner by the alternating directed multiplier method(ADMM).Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative model and distributed solution is verified by simulation.The simulation results show that the WG–CHP–PCH cooperative model can substantially improve the operational efficiency of each agent and realize the efficient redistribution of energy and its derivatives.In addition,the dynamic parameter adjustment algorithm(DP)is further applied in the solving process to improve its convergence speed.By updating the step size during each iteration,the computational cost,the number of iterations,and the apparent oscillations are reduced,and the convergence performance of the algorithm is improved.

A cooperative model of photovoltaic and electricity-to-hydrogen including green certificate trading under the conditional value at risk

Cooperation in energy systems is no longer limited to the distribution of electricity,and more attention is paid to the trading of green certificates(GCs).This paper proposed a cooperative method for photovoltaic(PV)and electric-to-hydrogen(EH)trading,including GC trading under risk management.First,a novel PV and EH model is established and the cooperation mechanism is analyzed.Meanwhile,PV and EH models were risk-controlled using the conditional value at risk to reduce the impact of the uncertainty of PV electricity and EH loads.Then,the PV-EH cooperative model was established based on cooperative game theory;this was then divided into two subproblems of“cooperative benefit maximization”and“transaction payment negotiation,”and the above two subproblems were solved distributively by alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM).Only energy transactions and price negotiations were conducted between the PV and EH,which can protect the privacy and confidentiality of each entity.Finally,the effectiveness of the cooperation model was verified using a practical engineering case.The simulation results show that the cooperation of the PV-EH can significantly improve the operational efficiency of each entity and the overall efficiency of the cooperation and realize the efficient redistribution of electricity and GC.

Countermeasures of“Post-Course Competition Certificate”Mode to Promote Innovation and Reform of BIM Course in Vocational Colleges

The model of“post-course competition certificate”can be the basic model of Building Information Modeling(BIM)course teaching in vocational colleges in the new era,and many vocational colleges have also made attempts to construct and apply this model in BIM courses and other professional courses.Based on the application of methods such as literature review and observation,it can be found that it is highly feasible in theory and practice to promote the innovation and reform of BIM curriculum based on this model.However,there are more influencing factors at the practical level,which can easily lead to some problems.In this paper,we will analyze the corresponding problems and put forward a more effective reform strategy of BIM course education innovation in combination with reality.

A Preliminary Study of the Training of Drawing Skills for Civil Engineering Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges Under the “1+X” System

Architectural engineering drawing skills are one of the important standards of talent ability that construction enterprises pay attention to.Under the“1+X”system,as a pilot college of“1+X”in higher vocational education,and according to the standards of“Vocational Skill Level Certificate in Architectural Engineering Drawing,”a channel to improve students’core working skills is explored through the implementation of the teaching reform.

Does Green Food Certification promote agri-food export quality?Evidence from China

The construction of a food certification system plays a vital role in upgrading export quality, which previous studies have largely overlooked. We match China's industry-level data of Green Food Certification with its HS6-digit export data of agri-food products to quantify the impact of Green Food Certification on export quality. We identify the significant and positive effect of Green Food Certification on export quality. The 2SLS estimation based on instrumental variables and a range of robustness checks confirm the validity and robustness of the benchmark conclusions. Further analysis discloses that Green Food Certification improves export quality by raising agricultural production efficiency and brand premiums. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of Green Food Certification varies across regions, notably improving the quality of agri-food products exported to developed regions and regions with high levels of import supervision. Furthermore, among various product types, Green Food Certification significantly improves the export quality of primary products and products vulnerable to non-tariff measures. The above findings could guide the future development of agri-food quality certification systems, potentially leading to a transformation and promotion of the agri-food trade.

Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

Research on Data Tampering Prevention Method for ATC Network Based on Zero Trust

The traditional air traffic control information sharing data has weak security characteristics of personal privacy data and poor effect,which is easy to leads to the problem that the data is usurped.Starting from the application of the ATC(automatic train control)network,this paper focuses on the zero trust and zero trust access strategy and the tamper-proof method of information-sharing network data.Through the improvement of ATC’s zero trust physical layer authentication and network data distributed feature differentiation calculation,this paper reconstructs the personal privacy scope authentication structure and designs a tamper-proof method of ATC’s information sharing on the Internet.From the single management authority to the unified management of data units,the systematic algorithm improvement of shared network data tamper prevention method is realized,and RDTP(Reliable Data Transfer Protocol)is selected in the network data of information sharing resources to realize the effectiveness of tamper prevention of air traffic control data during transmission.The results show that this method can reasonably avoid the tampering of information sharing on the Internet,maintain the security factors of air traffic control information sharing on the Internet,and the Central Processing Unit(CPU)utilization rate is only 4.64%,which effectively increases the performance of air traffic control data comprehensive security protection system.

Certis: Cloud Asset Management & Threat Evaluation Using Behavioral Fingerprinting at Application Layer

This paper introduces Certis, a powerful framework that addresses the challenges of cloud asset tracking, management, and threat detection in modern cybersecurity landscapes. It enhances asset identification and anomaly detection through SSL certificate parsing, cloud service provider integration, and advanced fingerprinting techniques like JARM at the application layer. Current work will focus on cross-layer malicious behavior identification to further enhance its capabilities, including minimizing false positives through AI-based learning techniques. Certis promises to offer a powerful solution for organizations seeking proactive cybersecurity defenses in the face of evolving threats.

Construction and Reflection of Software Engineering Major Based on Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Certification

With the rapid development of information technology,the demand for talents in the field of software engineering is growing.In order to cultivate high-quality software engineering talents who meet the market demand,universities have continuously carried out the construction of software engineering majors.Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET)certification,as an internationally recognized higher education quality assurance system,provides important reference and guidance for the construction of software engineering majors.Guided by student learning outcomes and core competencies,combined with the characteristics of software engineering talent cultivation,the innovation of talent cultivation mode takes industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation as the main development paths and explores comprehensive reform of the major in terms of professional positioning and goals,curriculum system,teaching conditions,and teachers.This comprehensive reform model has effectively promoted the development of major construction and improved the quality of talent cultivation.