Emergency internal iliac artery temporary occlusion after massive hemorrhage during surgery of cesarean scar pregnancy:A case report

BACKGROUND Cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)is rare but may result in uterine rupture during pregnancy or massive hemorrhage during abortion procedures.Awareness of this condition is increasing,and most patients with CSP are now diagnosed early and can be managed safely.However,some atypical patients are misdiagnosed,and their surgical risks are underestimated,increasing the risk of fatal hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old Asian woman visited our institution because of abnormal pregnancy,and she was diagnosed with a hydatidiform mole through transvaginal ultrasound(TVS).Under hysteroscopy,a large amount of placental tissue was found in the scar of the lower uterine segment,and a sudden massive hemorrhage occurred during the removal process.The bilateral internal iliac arteries were temporarily blocked under laparoscopy,and scar resection and repair were rapidly performed.She was discharged in good condition 5 d after the operation.CONCLUSION Although TVS is widely used in the diagnosis of CSP,delays in the diagnosis of atypical CSP remain.Surgical treatment following internal iliac artery temporary occlusion may be an appropriate management method for unanticipated massive hemorrhage during CSP surgery.

Experience in Surgical Coordination of Type III Cesarean Scar Pregnancy Removal with Combined Assistance of Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy

Objective:This paper aims to summarize the operative nursing coordination essentials of type III cesareans car pregnancy removal.Methods:Six patients were recruited for this study,and the patient’s condition was fully evaluated before the operation.In addition,the personnel,environment,and materials were well prepared before the operation,and the preparation of special intraoperative instruments and equipment was perfected.Results:The operation is successfully performed in all six patients.Each surgery lasted 70 to 120 minutes with an average duration of 90 minutes.Postoperative blood loss was about 100-500 ml.Postoperative recovery was good without complications in all the patients.Conclusion:In summary,laparoscopic removal of gestational tissue from type III cesareans car pregnancy in conjunction with hysteroscopy ensures compete removal of gestational tissue,while avoiding damaging the surrounding organs and tissues,thus greatly avoiding common complications which usually occur during the surgery.Effective surgical coordination is helpful to further improve the success rate of the operation.

Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Case Series

Objective To survey effective treatment strategies for cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP). Methods The clinical data of 78 patients diagnosed with CSP from January 2010 to December 2013 were reviewed. Results Among these patients, 17 patients were first treated at our hospital; of them, 2 were misdiagnosed. The other 61 patients were referred from other hospitals; of them, 21 were initially misdiagnosed. There were 9 patients who were treated with laparotomy, 50 patients with curettage after uterine artery embolization(UAE) with or without local methotrexate(MTX) infusion, 10 patients with dilatation and curettage, 6 patients with transvaginal sonographic guided local intragestational MTX injection, and 3 patients with systemic MTX injection. All patients finally recovered. Patients with excessive vaginal hemorrhage underwent either emergency UAE treatment or laparotomy. These two treatments had similar success rates(81.82% vs. 100%, χ2 =0.289, P>0.05). Conclusions The accurate diagnosis of CSP is important. Curettage after UAE with or without local MTX infusion is a safe and effective method.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with CSP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1994 to April 2007,including age,interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis,clinical presentation,location of the lesion,process of diagnosis and treatment,outcome,and follow-up,were retrospectively analyzed.Results CSP constituted 1.05% of all ectopic pregnancies,and the ratio of CSP to pregnancy was 1∶1221.The mean age of the group was 31.4 years.Twenty-six women had only one prior cesarean delivery.The interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis ranged from 4 months to 15 years.The most common presenting symptoms of CSP were amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding.Seventeen cases were misdiagnosed as early intrauterine pregnancies and 2 were misdiagnosed as gestational trophoblastic tumor.The other 9 were diagnosed definitely before treatment.The diagnosis was made based on cesarean delivery history,gynecologic examination,ultrasound,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The treatment of CSP included systemic or local methotrexate administration,conservative surgery,and hysterectomy.The conservative treatment was successful in 24 cases.All of the 28 women were cured through individual therapies.Conclusions CSP is rare and usually misdiagnosed as other diseases.Ultrasound is valuable for diagnosing CSP,and MRI can be used as an adjunct to ultrasound scan.Early diagnosis offers the options of conservative treatment and greatly improves the outcome of patients.Individual therapy is strongly recommended.

Management of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy with preservation of intrauterine pregnancy:A case report

BACKGROUND Heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy(HCSP)is very rare and has a high risk of massive uterine bleeding.Preservation of concurrent intrauterine pregnancy(IUP)is one of the great challenges in the management of HCSP.No universal treatment protocol has been established when IUP is desired to be preserved.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of HCSP at 8+wk gestation in a 34-year-old woman with stable hemodynamics.A two-step intervention was applied.Selective embryo aspiration was performed first,and surgical removal of ectopic gestational tissue by suction and curettage was performed 2 d later.Both steps were performed under ultrasound guidance.The patient had an uneventful course,and a healthy baby was delivered at 34+6 wk gestation.CONCLUSION Selective embryo aspiration followed by suction and curettage was successful in the preservation of IUP in the management of HCSP.This approach is an alternative option for HCSP in the first trimester when the IUP is desired to be preserved.

Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Report of 11 Cases and Review of the Literature Regarding Subsequent Pregnancy

Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) because treatment efficacy, safety, and the influence on subsequent pregnancy must be taken into consideration. Here we report our experience with 11 cases of CSP and review the literature regarding subsequent pregnancy. Methods: Records of 11 CSP cases that were treated at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. CSP was treated by local methotrexate (MTX) injection or laparotomic or laparoscopic removal of the gestational mass and myometrial repair. Outcome of subsequent pregnancy after treatment was followed-up until delivery. Results: Local MTX injection was performed for six cases, laparotomic removal of the gestational mass and myometrial repair was performed for two, and laparoscopic removal of the gestational mass and myometrial repair was performed for three. The uterus was preserved in all cases. After CSP treatment, eight pregnancies occurred in five cases, resulting in six live births and two miscarriages. Conclusion: Advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods for CSP continue to be elucidated. Serum hCG level, location of the gestational mass, thickness of the lower uterine segment at the time of diagnosis, and whether the patient wishes for fertility preservation should be considered when choosing a treatment plan.

The Value of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Clinical Surgical Treatment of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

The clinical value of transvaginal ultrasound in clinical surgical treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy（CSP） was evaluated. The clinical data of 104 patients with CSP admitted at Tongji Hospital from 2013 to 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including the patients＇ age, gestational age, the size of gestational sac or uneven mass, the uterine scar thickness, β human chorionic gonadotropin（h CG） levels and so on. Of these 104 cases, 30 cases were subjected to laparotomy, 29 cases to laparoscopy, 27 cases to hysteroscopy, 16 cases to ultrasound-guided uterine curettage, and 2 cases to conservative treatment. The transvaginal ultrasound showed that uterine scar thickness and gestational sac or uneven mass size had significant difference（P〈0.05） among different surgical methods by comparatively analyzing the patients＇ data. It was suggested that transvaginal ultrasound may provide the valuable reference for choosing clinical surgical procedures for CSP.

Cesarean scar pregnancy

Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is a consequence of a scar from previous cesarean section.It is rare and is associated with catastrophic complications of early pregnancy.It can occur in women with only one prior cesarean delivery.With increasing rate of cesarean section worldwide,more and more cases are diagnosed and reported.The incidence is likely to rise substantially in the near future.A delay in diagnosis and the treatment can lead to uterine rupture,major haemorrhage,hysterectomy and serious maternal morbidity.Early diagnosis can offer treatment options of avoiding uterine rupture and haemorrhage,thus preserving the uterus and future fertility.Aim of this article is to find the demography,pathophysiology,clinical presentation,most appropriate methods of early diagnosis and management.

The Diagnosis and Treatment for a Special Type of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, and its incidence has been increased due to the increased rate of Cesarean sections performed. A special type of CSP, concealed CSP, was found in the clinical work in our institution. A retrospective review was performed. From September 2011 to June 2014, 208 women were presented with cesarean scar pregnancy by use of transvaginal color Doppler sonography. The medical records were consulted to collect the demographics and pertinent information. Six of them were determined to be concealed CSP. Four women were diagnosed in the first-trimester pregnancy after termination of pregnancy. The initial ultrasound of the other two women displayed that the gestational sacs were located in the lower uterine cavity. Placenta accrete, increta and previa were diagnosed by the following ultrasounds. Concealed CSP is a very unusual form of CSP. Continued pregnancy may be sufficiently evaluated because of subsequently serious complications. Our results indicate that continued pregnancy increases the risk of laparotomy and hysterectomy. Medical abortion in the first-trimester pregnancy should be considered as the optimal choice for the women with prior cesarean sections who want to terminate the gestation.

Clinical observation of hysteroscopic surgery combined with ectopic pregnancy ⅱ decoction and methotrexate in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety about the treatment of Caesarean Scar Pregnancy combined hysteroscopic surgery with extopic pregnancy Ⅱ decoction and methotrexate(MTX).Methods: A total of 80 cases of CSP patients admitted by our hospital from January 2014 to March 2017 were selected as the subjects. According to the treatment way, the patients were divided into experimental group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The control group was given MTX 50 mg/m2, IM once;and the experimental group was given extopic pregnancy Ⅱ decoction on the basis of the treatment given to the control group;the 8th day hysteroscopic surgery. Routine treatment was given after surgery. Experimental group continued to take extopic pregnancy Ⅱ decoction until monitoring the serum beta-hcg level drops below normal. The general information and curative effect, HCG levels before and after 4, 7 and 11d of treatment;mass diameter before and after 11 d of treatment, menstruation recovery time and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed.Results:After hysteroscopic surgery pretreatment with extopic pregnancy Ⅱ decoction and MTX, HCG levels after 4, 7 and 11d were significantly lower than before, it gradually reduced by time prolonged, and research group was lower than control group, the differences were statistically significant. After treatment with different drugs, the size of pregnancy package in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the he package block size, beta HCG time and vaginal bleeding time were significantly reduced.Conclusion: It has significant clinical effect of hysteroscopic surgery combined with ectopic pregnancy Ⅱ and MTX in the treatment of CSP. It has worthy of clinical promotion to control the amount of blood, avoid intrauterine adhesion caused by uterine artery embolization and infection et al and reduce burden of the physical and economic of patients.

Expectant management of cesarean scar pregnancy:a case report and a review of literature

Pregnancy in previous cesarean scar is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy.Little is known about its natural history and optimal management.All literatures except one reported that the expectant treatments for such patients were unsuccessful or led to complication.This paper presents one case of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP) with expectant management,and discusses the value of this expectant management.The paper also appears a glimpse of the natural courses of certain cesarean scar pregnancies. A 32-year-old woman with a history of cesarean section presented to our outpatient clinic with amenorrhea and bleeding.Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed the diagnosis of CSP without viable gestation sac.The patient opted for expectant treatment.We closely monitored the patient with a detailed plan.The patient had mild bleeding during monitoring and her serumβ-hCG levels dropped quickly to normal range after seven weeks.She was fully recovered with total absorption of the mixed mass in the scar of the anterior wall of uterus. If patient with CSP has no viable gestation sac and serumβ-hCG levels are rapidly decreased,she can be expectantly treated.Such cesarean scar pregnancies may be naturally demised.Patient with CSP should be followed up strictly.Medical or surgical therapy should be considered prior to rupture to remove the gestational sac and retain the patient future fertility.

Local metothrexate treatment of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy

Myometrial pregnancy developing in a previous caesarean section scar is the rarest of all ectopic pregnancies (EP) and probably one of the most dangerous of all because of the risk of rupture and hemorrhage. The recent recognition of this problem means that diagnosis and management are still in their infancy, and there is no consensus regarding the best management of CSP. Methotrexate (MTX) can be administered systemically or locally, or in both ways, with the aid of ultrasound. Patients diagnosed with caesarean scar pregnancies (CSP) in our clinic underwent transvaginal treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Safe and short treatment under transvaginal ultrasonographic (USG) guidance was performed uneventfully in all cases. The operating time ranged from 5 to 10 minutes with no blood loss. Serum β-hCG (β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin) levels declined to normal levels within a month, and patients were discharged without further complications in two or three hours after the procedure. Our cases show that this treatment is effective, safe, and minimally invasive for patients diagnosed with CSP.

甲氨蝶呤联合UACE在CSP患者妊娠物清除中应用研究

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤联合子宫动脉化疗栓塞术(UACE)在子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)患者妊娠物清除中应用效果。方法:选取2020年5月至2021年12月来我院就诊的CSP患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各42例。对照组患者给予甲氨蝶呤治疗,观察组患者给予甲氨蝶呤联合UACE治疗,比较临床疗效、手术一般情况、妊娠物消失时间和血β-HCG恢复正常时间、卵巢功能指标[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(PROG)]、并发症发生情况。结果:观察组与对照组总有效率分别为97.62%、83.33%,观察组比对照组高(P<0.05)。观察组术中出血量显著少于对照组,住院时间明显比对照组短(P<0.05),而两组手术时间比较差异不明显(P>0.05)。观察组妊娠物消失时间和血β-HCG恢复正常时间显著早于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3、6个月两组不同治疗方式对患者卵巢功能指标影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组并发症发生率分别为7.14%、11.90%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:甲氨蝶呤联合UACE对CSP患者疗效较好,可有效改善患者症状,减少术中出血量和缩短住院时间,同时有效清除妊娠物,且对卵巢功能影响较小,并发症少。

不同类型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的病例特点与诊治分析

背景现行剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)分型依据仅参照超声影像特点,目前尚缺乏该分型标准下不同类型CSP病例临床特点的分析总结。目的探讨不同类型CSP的病例特点及诊治差异。方法纳入北京大学第三医院妇产科2014年7月—2022年6月收治的CSP患者共862例为研究对象,根据超声分型标准分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型组,并对其临床特点及诊治指标进行回顾性分析。结果本研究CSP患者中Ⅰ型组占36.5%(315/862),Ⅱ型组占53.1%(458/862),Ⅲ型组占10.3%(89/862)。3组患者的年龄、孕产史、既往宫腔手术史比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CSP患者中腹痛发生率为24.2%(209/862),阴道出血发生率为65.0%(560/862)。3组CSP患者腹痛及阴道出血发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.261、0.062)。Ⅲ型组患者诊断时停经时间为55(46,64)d,妊娠物中位径线长29.6(19.1,43.3)mm,术前血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平为60673(17164,122203)mU/mL,需辅助药物杀胚治疗、腹腔镜监视下手术、子宫动脉阻断率分别为27.0%(24/89)、33.7%(30/89)、32.6%(29/89),手术时长101(67,125)min,住院时间4(3,7)d,治疗花费11933.7(8760.7,15250.6)元,术后24 h累计出血量、出血≥200 mL发生率及输血率分别为83(33,178)mL、24.7%(22/89)、7.9%(7/89),均高于其他两组(P<0.001)。所有患者持续性CSP发生率为3.1%(27/862),3组持续性CSP发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.353,P=0.187)。结论不同类型CSP患者的年龄、孕产史、既往宫腔手术史及腹痛、阴道出血等临床特点无明显差异。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型患者治疗侵入性较小,Ⅲ型患者的医疗资源消耗较多,对多学科团队及个体化管理有较高要求。不同类型患者经规范管理,其治疗预后均较理想。

子宫动脉栓塞术联合病灶清除术在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠治疗中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)联合病灶清除术在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)治疗中的应用价值。方法:选取CSP患者140例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和UAE组,各70例。对照组给予病灶清除术,UAE组给予UAE联合病灶清除术。比较两组围手术期指标,手术前后性激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)]水平、子宫动脉血流动力学参数、氧化应激指标,术后恢复指标[β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)恢复时间、月经复潮时间、术后切口肌层厚度和住院时间]及并发症发生情况。结果:UAE组围手术期指标优于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组性激素水平手术前后比较及组间比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后4个月,血管形成指数(VI)两组均低于术前,且UAE组较对照组更低(均P<0.05);两组丙二醛(MDA)水平高于术前,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平低于术前(均P<0.05),且组间MDA、CAT和SOD水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。UAE组术后恢复指标优于对照组(均P<0.05)。术后4个月内,两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:UAE联合病灶清除术应用于CSP患者能够缩短手术进程,降低术中和术后出血量,对生育功能影响较小,病灶清除更彻底,术后恢复更快,且安全性较好。

超选择子宫动脉药物灌注联合栓塞治疗内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的临床效果

目的探讨超选择子宫动脉药物灌注联合栓塞治疗内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的临床效果。方法选取2020年8月至2023年1月在内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院诊治的78例内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为联合组(39例)与对照组(39例)。对照组给予双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗,联合组在对照组的基础上给予超选择子宫动脉药物灌注治疗,比较两组的临床效果。结果联合组月经恢复时间、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平恢复正常时间较对照组短(P<0.05);治疗3个月后联合组子宫动脉血流搏动指数、阻力指数高于对照组(P<0.05);联合组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超选择子宫动脉药物灌注联合栓塞治疗内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠,能够促进月经及β-HCG恢复,改善子宫动脉血流动力学,降低不良反应发生率。

磁共振成像对剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值

目的:探究磁共振成像对剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2023年12月疑似剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠患者60例的临床资料,患者均进行磁共振成像与超声检查。以病理诊断为“金标准”,观察超声与磁共振成像诊断剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠结果,分析超声与磁共振成像诊断剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果:病理结果阳性30例,阴性30例。超声检查诊断剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠41例,与病理结果符合21例;磁共振成像诊断剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠33例,与病理结果符合27例。超声与磁共振成像诊断剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的灵敏度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);磁共振成像诊断剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的特异度、准确度高于超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:在剖宫产手术后瘢痕妊娠患者的诊断中,磁共振成像技术特异度、准确度高于超声,为早期诊断剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠提供可靠的鉴别诊断依据。

影响剖宫产瘢痕妊娠发病的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)发病的危险因素。方法选择安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院2016年5月至2021年10月收治的确诊为CSP的180例患者设为观察组,同期210例剖宫产史再妊娠为正常宫内妊娠的患者设为对照组,收集患者的病例信息进行单因素分析和多因素logistic回归模型分析,分析CSP发病的危险因素。结果两组患者在年龄、妊娠次数、经产次数、剖宫产次数、与末次剖宫产间隔时间方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中既往妊娠次数、经产次数、剖宫产次数及与末次剖宫产间隔时间是发生CSP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论引起CSP的危险因素与孕产次、剖宫产次数、此次妊娠与上次剖宫产的间隔时间有关。临床医务工作者要把控相关危险因素,积极宣教,以降低CSP的发生率,维护患者健康。

经腹超声及经阴道超声在剖宫产术后CSP中的诊断价值

目的探讨经腹超声及经阴道超声在剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)中的诊断价值。方法选择2016年1月至2018年12月河北北方学院附属第二医院诊治的80例疑似剖宫产CSP患者,行彩色多普勒超声检查,比较经腹超声、经阴道超声、经腹联合经阴道超声检查对剖宫产术后CSP的诊断价值。结果经腹联合经阴道超声检查的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为93.8%(62/64)、96.9%(15/16)、96.3%(77/80),高于经腹超声检查[85.9%(55/64)、75.0%(12/16)、83.8%(67/80)]和经阴道超声检查[89.1%(57/64)、81.3%(13/16)、87.5%(70/80)]。经腹联合经阴道超声检查对剖宫产CSP型检出率为92.2%(59/64),与病理学检查结果(100.0%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。孕囊型、不匀质包块型、混合型CSP阴道超声影像图像的特征明显。CSP患者治疗后子宫前壁下段肌层厚度和阻力指数均大于治疗前[(7.19±1.65)mm比(3.86±1.11)mm,0.77±0.12比0.45±0.11](P<0.01)。结论经腹联合经阴道超声检查可作为剖宫产术后CSP的首选诊断方法,影像学图像特征明显,诊断准确性、特异性、敏感性较高,可指导临床治疗。

CSP保留生育功能治疗的探讨——附46例病例分析

探讨剖宫产子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的保留生育功能治疗方法的选择。对2000—2014年第二军医大学附属长海医院收治的46例CSP患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。孕早期45例,孕中期1例,13例(28.9%)早孕患者早期误诊而行负压吸引术或药流+清宫术。其余32例,根据CSP临床分型标准,Ⅰ型19例,Ⅱ型13例,全部病例均成功保留子宫,63.1%Ⅰ型CSP采用B超监护下清宫,21.0%Ⅰ型CSP采用子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)+B超监护下清宫;84.6%Ⅱ型CSP采用病灶切除+疤痕修补。1例中孕16+周外院引产发生产后大出血,UAE 30天后下肢血栓坏死转我院治疗,期间再次阴道大出血,手术探查证实为CSP,行病灶切除+瘢痕修补术。CSP治疗原则是早期诊断,及早处理,根据CSP临床分型、β-HCG等情况,选择个体化治疗是关键。临床上对CSP要保持高度警惕,尽早诊断,保留生育功能治疗是完全可行的。此外,UAE后仍存在一定风险,选择UAE要谨慎。