Justification and System Arrangement of Virtual Property Rights——Comments on Article No. 127 of General Provisions of the Civil Law

In the process of formulating the General Provisions of the Civil Law of P. R. China, the attribute of virtual property rights has changed from real rights to non-real rights. Article No. 127 thereof does not clarify the nature of virtual property rights after all, and the place where virtual property is put in the "Civil Rights" chapter of General Provisions of the Civil Law makes the concept even more complex and confusing. The "relationships paradigm" protection of virtual property does not have a definite classification criterion, nor stands opposite to the "rights paradigm." There are two different ways to justify the "theory of virtual property as a real right" under the "rights paradigm" protection, namely, essentialism and consequentialism. The former resulted from utilizing features in a demonstration and identifying disposal rights with real rights, while the latter resulted from adherence to the dichotomy system of property rights comprising real rights and creditor's rights. From the perspective of larceny in Criminal Law and virtual property insurance in The Social Insurance Law, the attribute of virtual property rights is irrelevant to creditor's rights. The attribute of virtual property rights shall be defined as virtual property rights so that it can be included in the system of civil rights. The uniqueness of virtual property is enough to become an object of emerging civil rights; intangible property rights as a superordinate theoretical concept cannot reflect the essence of virtual property rights. The legislative frame of virtual property rights shall be comprised of the subject, object, exercise, publication and change of the rights.

浅析国内外的矿业权体制

本文简要介绍了国内外的矿业权流转体制和管理体制。国外的矿业权流转体制大多采用申请与授予方式,管理体制大多为通过法律法规管理。我国矿业权采用申请与授予,管理体制则采用间接、分级管理。

分离原则与抽象原则在债权让与制度中之显现——以债权二重让与为分析中心

债权让与制度的产生源自债权非人格化而非债权物权化,债权让与在性质上应采处分行为说。《民法典》第546条在解释论上可采分离原则与让与主义。抽象原则在证券化债权中得到立法承认,普通债权让与中并未被立法采纳。让与主义严格而言不是债权让与的公示方法,处分行为说、分离原则、抽象原则、让与主义与登记制度相契合,贯穿债权让与制度始终,是解决以债权二重让与为代表的复杂问题的有效工具。登记制度是最有效能的公示方法。基于统一登记在我国的建构,债权让与登记制度乃大势所趋,其与债权让与的分离原则与抽象原则相契合,能达成在债物二分体例下的逻辑圆融与体系自洽。

农用地使用权流转必要性刍议

简要描述了目前我国农村农用地使用中土地撂荒和耕地不足的两难现状,从法律、政策和现实操作层面分析了农用地使用权流转的必要性,同时阐述了农用地使用权流转积极意义和现实合理预期。

保理制度的法律性质研究

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善,近些年来,保理业务日显重要。分析了保理制度的民法基础,辨明了保理的概念,提出我国的保理契约应是无追索权的、预付的、公开的契约,保理契约的实质是以债权的让与为核心,并予以保理人该债权的担保权利,同时设立应收账款的让与的登记制度,以促进我国保理市场的繁荣与发展。

租赁权的属性与立法构建

租赁权的性质决定其制度安排,在理论上对于租赁权的性质有几种不同学说,包括有租赁权债权说、租赁权物权说和租赁权物权化说。租赁权具有基于占有产生的直接支配效力、排他效力,归属于用益物权。也正是因为租赁权是物权,租赁权应该依据用益物权的属性重新加以构建,租赁权处分不能适用合同法中有关债权转让的规则,而应适用有关物权处分的规范。

人民自决权与国家领土完整的关系

人民自决权与国家的领土完整是统一不可分割的;人民自决权不具有改变现有国家边界的效力;国际法不承认一国的少数人民通过自决实行单方面分离的一般权利;国际法尚未肯定也未否定"救济性分离权";国际法承认有关各方经自由协议达成的分离安排的合法性;国际社会应当通过多种途径实现人民自决权与国家领土完整的和谐统一;有关国家应当依照国际法解决因单方面分离行为而引发的冲突。

不动产让与担保——第一个习惯物权的创设

让与担保系权利移转型的担保物权,即设定人为担保债务清偿,将财产权移转于担保权人,使担保权人在担保目的范围内,于债务人届期未清偿债务时,得将担保的财产变价而就其价金受清偿。本文阐述我国台湾地区实务上不动产让与担保制度的发展过程,并分析不动产让与担保的机能与利益状态。不动产让与担保制度之创设,系由长期的交易惯行、判例学说以接力方式持续不断共同协力而形成,为我国台湾地区法律的开展提供了一个典范,并对于推动让与担保制度、立法规范及物权法的发展,作出了重大的贡献。