Critical chain construction with multi-resource constraints based on portfolio technology in South-to-North Water Diversion Project

Recently, the critical chain study has become a hot issue in the project management research field. The construction of the critical chain with multi-resource constraints is a new research subject. According to the system analysis theory and project portfolio theory, this paper discusses the creation of project portfolios based on the similarity principle and gives the definition of priority in multi-resource allocation based on quantitative analysis. A model with multi-resource constraints, which can be applied to the critical chain construction of the A-bid section in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was proposed. Contrast analysis with the comprehensive treatment construction method and aggressive treatment construction method was carried out. This paper also makes suggestions for further research directions and subjects, which will be useful in improving the theories in relevant research fields.

Comparing the bullwhip effect under different inventory policies in engineering project supply chains

Measuring bullwhip effect is useful for making better controls on production planning and enhancing the supply chain operating efficiency.First,this article establishes the comparative analysis model of bullwhip effect between(s,S)and Periodic Review(PR)inventory policy based on the quantitative bullwhip effect model under different inventories.Then,the impacts of lead time,inventory review time,autocorrelation coefficient,and the number of samples on the gap of bullwhip effect under(s,S)and PR IP are analyzed.The results show that bullwhip effect in PR is more intense than(s,S)inventory policy.Contractors should pay more attention to control bullwhip effect when adopting PR inventory policy to enhance the total operating efficiency of the engineering project supply chains.

Reliability model of organization management chain of South-to-North Water Diversion Project during construction period

In order to analyze the indispensability of the organization management chain of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP）, two basic forms （series connection state and mixed state of both series connection and parallel connection） of the organization management chain can be abstracted. The indispensability of each form has been studied and is described in this paper. Through analysis of the reliability of the two basic forms, reliability models of the organization management chain in the series connection state and the mixed state of both series connection and parallel connection have been set up.

A Mathematical Model Based on Supply Chain Optimization for International Petrochemical Engineering Projects

Based on the study of supply chain(SC) and SC optimization in engineering projects, a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) optimization model is developed to minimize the total SC cost for international petrochemical engineering projects. A steam cracking project is selected and analyzed, from which typical SC characteristics in international engineering projects in the area of petrochemical industry are summarized. The MINLP model is therefore developed and applied to projects with detailed data. The optimization results are analyzed and compared by the MINLP model, indicating that they are appropriate to SC management practice in engineering projects, and are consistent with the optimal priceeffective strategy in procurement. As a result, the model could provide useful guidance to SC optimization of international engineering projects in petrochemical industry, and improve SC management by selecting more reliable and qualified partner enterprises in SC for the project.

Analysis on the Structure of Influencing Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Implementation of Water Diversion Project

The systematic analysis of the hierarchical relationship among the factors affecting the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects has theoretical value and practical significance for the sustainable development of large-scale water diversion projects. Through the investigation of relevant literature, books, web pages, materials, and discussions with relevant experts and scholars, a total of 23 factors influencing the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects were identified. Then using ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling Method) to analyze the causality of each factor, a multi-level hierarchical structure model was obtained. The results showed that: 1) The surface-level influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain implementation of the water diversion project mainly included 8 factors such as water-saving awareness and water-saving intensity in the diversion area, water quality, water pollution and other disasters, effective incentive mechanisms, etc., and surface-level influencing factors were directly related to the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects. 2) The indirect influencing factors of the sustainable supply chain of water diversion projects included 12 factors such as the water quality and quantity guarantee rate of the supply chain, the government’s enforcement of laws and regulations, water distribution, ecological compensation, and compensation mechanisms for residents in the water source area. Indirect influencing factor scan acts directly on the direct influencing factors, and intervening in the factors that can be controlled by humans is one of the important ways to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects. 3) The fundamental influencing factors for the sustainable supply chain implementation of water diversion projects included three factors: Resettlement policy, government financial support, and sound laws and regulations. Deep influencing factors had multi-channel influence and controllability, and intervening in them was the main means to improve the sustainable operation of water diversion projects.

Discrete decision model and multi-agent simulation of the Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in a complex project

Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.

基于目标与活动风险的关键链项目缓冲监控周期确定方法

经典研究假设随时能够得到缓冲的消耗状态,但在项目实际执行的过程中很难实现,且监控次数过多会导致项目偏离计划。为保证每一次缓冲监控都能够有利于项目实施,本文提出了一种基于项目目标和活动风险确定监控周期的方法。不同项目对工期、成本、质量的侧重点不同,利用工期与成本、工期与质量之间的关系,根据不同的侧重点确定合适的监控频次。再根据每项活动的风险大小分配监控次数,活动的风险越大需分配到的监控次数越多,从而确定每项活动的监控周期,使项目在有限次的缓冲监控下实现效益最优。最后利用Matlab进行蒙特卡洛模拟实验,结果表明,与对比方法相比,所提方法能在满足项目质量要求的前提下,缩短项目工期并降低成本。

改进关键链技术在泵站施工进度管控中的应用

为解决工程施工进度管控关键链技术应用中存在的缓冲区计算方法粗略,缓冲区监控方法脱离实际施工的问题,通过引入风险控制系数、资源影响系数、工序复杂系数、工序位置系数以及环境系数五个指标,运用层次分析法和CRITIC(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation)客观赋权法构建缓冲区优化模型;将缓冲区消耗率和项目工作链完成进度百分比相关联,建立了缓冲区动态监控机制。运用缓冲区优化模型和动态监控机制改进关键链技术,将改进关键链技术应用于泵站工程施工进度管理。结果表明:该方法所得到的缓冲区尺寸较为合理,可以实现缩短计划工期和实现缓冲区动态监控,为水利工程施工进度管控提供借鉴。

Study on Factors Influencing the Reliability of the Organization Management Chain of the Large and Medium-Sized Project in the Construction Period

On the basis of analyzing the reliability of the organization’ management chain of the large and medium- sized project in the construction period, the paper studies the factors influencing the reliability of the organi-zation management chain, which, corresponding to four elements of management chain – “Management Loop”, “Management Link”, “Management Chain”, and “Management Network”, can be summarized as project main body, interface management, connection sequence and management model. The paper then re-searches on the specific influencing factors from the above-mentioned four aspects.

基于报童模型的供应链网络均衡决策研究

在不确定性需求下构建了基于报童模型的两层供应链网络,供应链网络是由原料供应商、产品生产商和需求市场构成。针对不确定性需求引入报童模型到供应链网络均衡模型中,用于供应链网络中厂商的产量和价格决策。模型构建了基于报童模型的变分不等式来表达供应链网络在不确定性需求下的均衡条件。最后,通过数值案例给出了需求均匀分布下,方差对于产品价格、原料供应商产品流量的影响分析。

促进幼儿深度学习的项目式活动中驱动性问题链的设计

驱动性问题是项目式学习的核心与灵魂,是项目式活动的抓手,能够促进幼儿的深度学习,是培养幼儿核心素养的重要途径。探讨驱动性问题的内涵及设计,从教与学角度及项目学习的基本要素角度着手,分析驱动性问题在项目式活动中的引领作用,形成驱动性问题解决模式,用驱动性问题链引领项目活动的开展,促进幼儿的学习及深层次发展。

区域港口网络韧性对海洋经济高质量发展的支撑力

为了减少经济危机、流行疾病、生态灾难和安全事故等破坏性事件对海洋经济高质量发展的影响,以及评估体制机制创新的作用,区域港口网络韧性的支撑力研究至关重要。以京津冀都市圈为例,利用投影相关性指数量化区域港口网络韧性对海洋经济高质量发展的支撑力,在空间滞后的动态马尔科夫链模型框架下区分支撑力状态转移的动态影响因子与空间差异。结果表明:(1)金融危机类事件对韧性支撑力有极化作用,即枢纽港的路径突破和支线港的退化。(2)流行疾病类事件使韧性支撑力向退化转移,制约路径突破的发生,落入弱势路径依赖。(3)机制体制创新表现出差异性,整体抑制支撑力退化,个体上维持国际枢纽港的强势路径依赖和支线港口的弱势路径依赖。

汽车零部件物流运输包装一体化的应用

运输和包装是汽车零部件物流过程的重要组成部分,运输包装一体化能够将物流中两个主要因素很好地结合在一起。运输包装一体化中的包装管理在于包装设计、包装投入、动态调配和供应链管理,运输管理在于运输采用的循环取货(MR)工作模式的设计及规划。汽车零部件物流运输包装一体化项目的目的是将物料的运输与包装两个部分有效地组合应用,以达到降低物流成本、提高服务质量、提高到货准确率、降低库存等效果。物料的运输及包装由同一家企业完成,这样将会使物流整个环节的工作更加顺畅,成本也可以降至最低,从而达到降本增效的最佳状态。

基于改进关键链技术的营房工程应用

营房工程建设有别于传统的建筑工程,往往建设过程更为严格要求,建设时间周期更为紧迫,建设质量更为可靠。当前,在奋力推动实现百年建军目标,打造世界一流军队的新征程中,需要进一步提高营房工程的建设质量、效率,以更好的服务军队战斗力建设。论文以某部营房工程中车库工程项目为例,重点针对非关键链管控不到位问题,引入传统里程碑管理理念,提出非关键链的里程碑缓冲,从而有效应对现有管理中非关键链进度管控不力,达到提升项目进度稳定性的目标。从实践结果来看,某部车库工程采用改进后的关键链方法,在不增加项目总工期的前提下,通过非关键链里程事件碑缓冲设置,提升了非关键链吸收不确定性能力,避免非关键链缓冲消耗过大造成的项目延期,最终使得整体项目的解的鲁棒性提高。

冷链工程项目建设中的风险管控要点

本文结合工程项目实践,对如何加强冷链项目投资风险管理、提高投资控制水平方面的经验进行梳理,形成从项目决策、项目准备到项目实施的风险控制要点总结,并给出降低风险的措施,以期为冷链工程项目管理提供有效的指导。

基于“项目式+工具链”的课程教学改革探索与实践——以“电气控制与可编程控制器”课程为例

学习成果既是教学的起点,也是学生能力达成的终点。OBE理念中的“产出导向”在教学过程中如何贯彻落实,关系到学生学习成果的达成度。以“电气控制与可编程控制器”课程为例,通过构建“课内+课外”项目群及工具链体系,以能力输出为目标,以项目式驱动为主线,以工具链横向贯穿辅助,采用翻转课堂、小组讨论、测试练习、课内实验等教学模式,实现学生“学中做”“做中学”的有机统一。实践证明该模式能够提升学生对所学知识的理解能力、综合应用能力、解决实际工程问题的能力及终身学习能力等,为学生知识输出的能力培养提供了保障。

石化装置联锁保护方案的设计与编制

针对石化公司中的大型回转装备如塔、鼓风机等在联锁编程上存在的问题,结合当前使用的TRICON,浙大中控等DCS控制系统,从提高生产安全性、减少非正常停车的事故率出发,本文提出了一种基于联锁编程的最优设计和方案,并进行了分析、讨论和研究,使其在安全、稳定、经济性等3个方面都能达到实际运行和安全生产的需要,希望为实际生产提供参考。

突发水污染下调水工程可持续供应链协同管理模式构建

调水工程可持续供应链复杂的内部特征和外部环境加大了其突发水污染的治理难度,合理的协同管理模式可以提高突发水污染事件的处置成效。根据协同理论与行动者网络理论,分析突发水污染下调水工程可持续供应链协同管理的参与主体构成、多维利益诉求,确定了“协同管理”强制通行点,探析了参与主体和运行环境的利益协同体系结构,并基于问题呈现、利益协同、招募等转译过程,构建了多主体参与、多维利益协同的突发水污染下调水工程可持续供应链协同管理模式。通过该协同管理模式,可激活突发水污染下公众、企业等主体的协同管理价值认同,发挥各主体的协同价值,增强调水工程突发水污染事件的协同管理能力,促进调水工程可持续效益的稳定发挥。

基于区块链技术理念的片区开发项目DCF模型风险评价

片区开发项目包含大量的基础设施与公共服务内容,关于其风险评价的研究已经较为丰富,但是在“区块链+供应链”的“双链”背景下,立足于片区开发项目全生命周期的风险评价研究却鲜有尝试。本文基于区块链技术及其基本理念,结合项目全生命周期的供应链架构,以我国北方某地级市片区开发项目为例,通过建立动态现金流折现模型(DCF)下的财务数据模型,对片区开发项目金融风险事件的整体性、关联性、关键性、时效性重要节点提出针对性的监测评价。以此为契机,借助DCF模型的“双链”风险评价模型,可以深度剖析片区开发类项目全局性风险的预警处置,对其他同类型项目风险的管理处置具有一定参考意义。

建筑工程管理中的供应链优化与成本控制

建筑工程管理中供应链优化和成本控制是确保项目经济效益的关键环节。供应链优化包括选择合适的供应商、实施集中采购、采用先进物流管理系统和信息化管理,这些策略有助于提高效率和降低成本。成本控制涉及预算编制、成本监控和定期财务审计等方法,能够有效地监控和管理项目成本。供应链优化与成本控制的结合通过整合供应链管理与项目预算、在供应链各阶段实施成本控制、利用技术提升成本效率以及风险管理,能进一步提升建筑工程的经济效益。