Since 2009,the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)has required mines to install refuge alternatives(RAs)in underground coal mines.One of the biggest concerns with occupied RAs is the possible severity of the r...Since 2009,the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)has required mines to install refuge alternatives(RAs)in underground coal mines.One of the biggest concerns with occupied RAs is the possible severity of the resulting thermal environment.In 30 CFR 7.504,the maximum allowable apparent temperature(AT)for an occupied RA is specified as 35℃(95°F).Manufacturers must conduct heat/humidity tests to demonstrate that their RAs meet the 35℃(95°F)AT limit.For these tests,heat input devices are used to input the metabolic heat of actual miners.A wide variety of test methods,sensors,and heat input devices could be used when conducting such tests.Since 2012,the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has conducted over thirty 96-hour heat/humidity tests on four different RAs.This paper discusses the test equipment and procedures used during these investigations.This information is useful for RA manufacturers conducting RA heat/humidity tests,for other researchers investigating RA heat/humidity buildup,and for those who need to assess the thermal environment of any confined space where people may be trapped or are seeking refuge.展开更多
[目的]气候变化新形势下,进一步筛选适宜西北地区抗寒、抗抽干葡萄砧木品种,可为葡萄免埋土栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]本文以41Bmgt、Riparia、420Bmgt、101-14、196-17、44-53ma、110R、Rupestris du Lot、SO4、161-490、...[目的]气候变化新形势下,进一步筛选适宜西北地区抗寒、抗抽干葡萄砧木品种,可为葡萄免埋土栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]本文以41Bmgt、Riparia、420Bmgt、101-14、196-17、44-53ma、110R、Rupestris du Lot、SO4、161-490、1103P、5BB、3309、Leon Millt共14种13年生葡萄砧木为试材,通过测定离体一年生枝条累计失水速率,结合田间调查葡萄砧木存活率和离体一年生枝条抽干率,以此来评价不同葡萄砧木品种抗抽干能力;结合前人研究及砧木品种特性,采用高低温交变试验箱模拟低温的方法,设置4(对照)、-15、-20、-25和-30℃一系列温度梯度水平,测定不同葡萄砧木一年生枝条相对电导率、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白5个生理生化指标,利用隶属函数法进行综合评价不同葡萄砧木的抗寒性。[结果]不同葡萄砧木的抗抽干能力由强到弱依次为:3309>161-490>196-17>Leon Millt>420Bmgt>44-53ma>Riparia>110R>1103P>SO4>101-14>41Bmgt>5BB>Rupestris du Lot;随着处理温度的降低,不同葡萄砧木枝条的抗寒指标总体呈现上升趋势,但不同品种之间存在差异。根据隶属函数的综合分析,结果显示各葡萄砧木的抗寒性由强到弱依次为:SO4>196-17>Leon Millt>5BB>Riparia>44-53ma>420Bmgt>1103P>3309>110R>Rupestris du Lot>101-14>41Bmgt>161-490。[结论]Riparia、196-17、44-53ma和Leon Millt具有较强的抗抽干能力和抗寒性,可作为我国西北地区免埋土葡萄砧木使用。展开更多
文摘Since 2009,the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)has required mines to install refuge alternatives(RAs)in underground coal mines.One of the biggest concerns with occupied RAs is the possible severity of the resulting thermal environment.In 30 CFR 7.504,the maximum allowable apparent temperature(AT)for an occupied RA is specified as 35℃(95°F).Manufacturers must conduct heat/humidity tests to demonstrate that their RAs meet the 35℃(95°F)AT limit.For these tests,heat input devices are used to input the metabolic heat of actual miners.A wide variety of test methods,sensors,and heat input devices could be used when conducting such tests.Since 2012,the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has conducted over thirty 96-hour heat/humidity tests on four different RAs.This paper discusses the test equipment and procedures used during these investigations.This information is useful for RA manufacturers conducting RA heat/humidity tests,for other researchers investigating RA heat/humidity buildup,and for those who need to assess the thermal environment of any confined space where people may be trapped or are seeking refuge.
文摘[目的]气候变化新形势下,进一步筛选适宜西北地区抗寒、抗抽干葡萄砧木品种,可为葡萄免埋土栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]本文以41Bmgt、Riparia、420Bmgt、101-14、196-17、44-53ma、110R、Rupestris du Lot、SO4、161-490、1103P、5BB、3309、Leon Millt共14种13年生葡萄砧木为试材,通过测定离体一年生枝条累计失水速率,结合田间调查葡萄砧木存活率和离体一年生枝条抽干率,以此来评价不同葡萄砧木品种抗抽干能力;结合前人研究及砧木品种特性,采用高低温交变试验箱模拟低温的方法,设置4(对照)、-15、-20、-25和-30℃一系列温度梯度水平,测定不同葡萄砧木一年生枝条相对电导率、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白5个生理生化指标,利用隶属函数法进行综合评价不同葡萄砧木的抗寒性。[结果]不同葡萄砧木的抗抽干能力由强到弱依次为:3309>161-490>196-17>Leon Millt>420Bmgt>44-53ma>Riparia>110R>1103P>SO4>101-14>41Bmgt>5BB>Rupestris du Lot;随着处理温度的降低,不同葡萄砧木枝条的抗寒指标总体呈现上升趋势,但不同品种之间存在差异。根据隶属函数的综合分析,结果显示各葡萄砧木的抗寒性由强到弱依次为:SO4>196-17>Leon Millt>5BB>Riparia>44-53ma>420Bmgt>1103P>3309>110R>Rupestris du Lot>101-14>41Bmgt>161-490。[结论]Riparia、196-17、44-53ma和Leon Millt具有较强的抗抽干能力和抗寒性,可作为我国西北地区免埋土葡萄砧木使用。
