Correlation of fibrinogen level and absorbance change in both PT and APTT clotting curves on BCSXP

Objective： To investigate the correlation of fibrinogen level and absorbance change in both PT and APTT clotting curves on BCSXP Analyzer. Methods：A serial of standard fibrinogen and 250 patient plasma samples with different qualities（normal, hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia） were run on BCSXP for assays PT, APTT and Fibrinogen. The absorbance change（DeltaA） from baseline to plateau in clotting curve was retrieved and analyzed on its correlation with the Fibrinogen result. Influence of plasma quality and PT/ APTT result on this correlation was also studied respectively. Results：Both PT-DeltaA and APTT-DeltaA showed good linear regres- sion with fibrinogen level in the sample, with R2 close to 0.90 in both standard and patient samples. Hemolysis（H）, itcterus（I） and lipemia（L） of the sample with valid clotting curves were found to have no significant difference in this correlation from normal（N） sample（R2： 0.83H, 0.92I, 0.81L and 0.79N in PT; 0.89H, 0.95l, 0.91L and 0.89N in APTT） in either PT or APTT curve. PT or APTT result also has little impact on this correlation（0.71 in range 7 - 10 sec, 0.56 inl0 - 20 sec, and 0.70 in 20 sec-; R2 in APTT： 0.88 in 20-30 sec, 0.92 in 30-40 sec, and 0.95 in 40 sec-）. Conclusion：The absorbance change in either PT or APTT clotting curve correlates well with the fibrinogen level in plasma, which is independent of plasma quality PT or APTT results. The absorbance change can be used as an alternative way to roughly estimate fibrinogen level in either PT or APTT clotting curve when the result of clauss-based fibrinogen measurement is not available.

Changes of the Period and the Light Curves of the Contact Binary V1073 Cygni

Observational evidence of unstable behavior for the W UMa type binary system V1073 Cygni is presented in this paper. Around 1939 the period of the binary suddenly decreased by 0 580 seconds and again suddenly decreased by 0 746 seconds around 1981.Obvious variable O’ Connell effect of the light curves in V can be seen. The relation between the changes in the orbital period and variation in the O’ Connell effect and possible reasons for the unstable behavior of V1073 Cyg were discussed.

Late Permian-Middle Triassic Sea Level Changes of Yangtze Platform

This paper first introduces procedures leading to the establishment of Late Permian-Middle Triassic sea level change curve of Yangtze platform. Bathymetric curves extracted from curve of habitat types are first transformed to sea level curves stage by stage. Comparison between curves of Yangtze and the world reveals that because the Late Permian marine sequences are lacking in most parts of the world, the Late Permian to Griesbachian curve of Yangtze may serve as an important reference for further revision of the world curve. The Early-Middle Triassic short-term changes of Yangtze are briefly concordant with those of Haq's world curve, whereas their long-term changes are discordant. The latter, however, is representative of the East Asian regions affected by the Indosinian orogeny. Basically the third cycles of Yangtze and the world are only pertly concordant, and even in concordant cases their concrete boundaries are not coincident. This indicater that sea level changes are not strictly synchronous over the world. It seems that the 1st and 2nd cycles (supercycles and megacycles) may be world-wide, but not the 3rd cycles.

Formula for calculating spatial similarity degrees between point clouds on multi-scale maps taking map scale change as the only independent variable

The degree of spatial similarity plays an important role in map generalization, yet there has been no quantitative research into it. To fill this gap, this study first defines map scale change and spatial similarity degree/relation in multi-scale map spaces and then proposes a model for calculating the degree of spatial similarity between a point cloud at one scale and its gener- alized counterpart at another scale. After validation, the new model features 16 points with map scale change as the x coordinate and the degree of spatial similarity as the y coordinate. Finally, using an application for curve fitting, the model achieves an empirical formula that can calculate the degree of spatial similarity using map scale change as the sole independent variable, and vice versa. This formula can be used to automate algorithms for point feature generalization and to determine when to terminate them during the generalization.

Implications of Climate Change on Streamflow of a Snow-Fed River System of the Northwest Himalaya

Air temperature and snow cover variability are sensitive indicators of climate change. This study was undertaken to forecast and quantify the potential streamflow response to climate change in the Jhelum River basin. The implications of air temperature trends （＋0.11℃decade） reported for the entire north-west Himalaya for past century and the regional warming （＋0.7℃/decade） trends of three observatories analyzed between last two decades were used for future projection of snow cover depletion and stream flow. The streamflow was simulated and validated for the year 2007-2008 using snowmelt runoff model （SRM） based on in-situ temperature and precipitation with remotely sensed snow cover area. The simulation was repeated using higher values of temperature and modified snow cover depletion curves according to the assumed future climate. Early snow cover depletion was observed in the basin in response to warmer climate. The results show that with the increase in air temperature, streamfiow pattern of Jhelum will be severely affected. Significant redistribution of streamflow was observed in both the scenarios. Higher discharge was observed during spring-summer months due to early snowmelt contribution with water deficit during monsoon months. Discharge increased by 5%-40% during the months of March to May in 2030 and 2050. The magnitude of impact of air temperature is higher in the scenario-2 based on regional warming. The inferences pertaining to change in future streamflow pattern can facilitate long term decisions and planning concerning hydro-power potential, waterresource management and flood hazard mapping in the region.

Determination of ultimate bearing capacity of uplift piles using intact and non-intact load−displacement curve

Based on the field destructive test of six rock-socketed piles with shallow overburden,three prediction models are used to quantitatively analyze and predict the intact load−displacement curve.The predicted values of ultimate uplift capacity were further determined by four methods(displacement controlling method(DCM),reduction coefficient method(RCM),maximum curvature method(MCM),and critical stiffness method(CSM))and compared with the measured value.Through the analysis of the relationship between the change rate of pullout stiffness and displacement,a method used to determine the ultimate uplift capacity via non-intact load−displacement curve was proposed.The results show that the predicted value determined by DCM is more conservative,while the predicted value determined by MCM is larger than the measured value.This suggests that RCM and CSM in engineering applications can be preferentially applied.Moreover,the development law of the change rate of pullout stiffness with displacement agrees well with the attenuation form of power function.The theoretical predicted results of ultimate uplift capacity based on the change rate of pullout stiffness will not be affected by the integrity of the curve.The method is simple and applicable for the piles that are not loaded to failure state,and thus provides new insights into ultimate uplift capacity determination of test piles.

Effect of climate change and land use on stream flow in the upper and middle reaches of the Taoer River,northeastern China

The upper and middle reaches of the Taoer River, a representative ecologically sensitive area, has experienced great climate change and rapid agricultural and industrial development since 1961. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate the impact of climate change and human activities on stream flows to serve better the water resource management in this region. The nonparamet- ric Mann-Kendall test and moving t-test were used to identify trends and change points in stream flow, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data series. A significant upward trend has been found in annual stream flow, with an abrupt change identified in 1985 at the Taonan station which is the station that controls the entire study area. The stream flow data was divided into a baseline period and a period of change. Both Fu and Zhang＇s functions were employed to evaluate the impacts of variation in climate and human activities on mean annual stream flow, based on precipitation and potential evaporation. Analysis of the increase in mean annual stream flow between the baseline and the period of change indicated that climate change accounted for about 45% of the total increase and human activities were responsible for about 55%.

Using modified Soil Conservation Service curve number method to simulate the role of forest in flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River in China

To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.

Fusion curves and thermodynamic properties of carbon tetrachloride,chloroform,bromoform and silicon tetrachloride at pressure up to 3500 MPa

The fusion temperature as a function of pressure for carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromoform and silicon tetrachloride at pressures up to 3500MPa has been determined. The experimental data were fitted by the equation Tfus=T0（1 ＋ Δp/a1）^a2 exp（-a3Δp） and the changes of the maolar enthalpy and molar internal energy on fusion were calculated using the parameters of the fitted equation. Comparisons with the data from the literature show that the experimental data, parameters of fitted equations, changes of the molar enthalpy and molar internal energy are reliable.

Dynamic Performance of High-Speed Railway Transition Curves during Vehicle Movement

After introducing the theories parabola （FDP）, half-wave-length length, offset and the maximum of acceleration （LCA）, the SI curve, and geometric features of four familiar transition curves （cubic parabola （CP）, fifth degree sinusoidal （HS） and sinusoidal （SI）） , these curves are compared under identical conditions of the first derivative of curvature. In terms of the roll acceleration （RA） and the lateral change of in theory, is superior to other transition curves.

Projected Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Relationships under Climate Change:A Case Study Thane City

Climate change is the most important factor to increase in short-duration high-intensity rainfall and consequent flooding.Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curves are commonly used tools in Stormwater design,so a method to derive future IDF curves including climate change effect could be necessary for the mainstreaming climate change information into storm water planning.The objective of the present study is to define a mechanism to reflect the effect of climate change into the projected rainfall IDF relationships.For this,the continuously observed hourly rainfall data from 1969 to 2018 were divided into five subgroups.Then the IDF curve of each subgroup is defined.The rainfall intensity for the next 30 years was then estimated using a linear regression model.The obtained result indicates that for the same duration and for the same return period,the rainfall intensity is likely to increase over time:17%(2019-2028),25%(2029-2038)and 32%(2039-2048).However,the findings presented in this paper will be useful for local authorities and decision makers in terms of improving stormwater design and future flood damage will be avoided.

黑龙江干流黑河市城区段河床演变研究

黑龙江黑河市城区河段河道受自然及人为因素影响,河床演变复杂。采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和双累积曲线法分析了水沙变化趋势。基于实测水文和泥沙资料,对河床稳定性及冲淤变化进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,该河段属于少沙河流,结雅河口以上年径流和输沙量随时间呈减小趋势,结雅河口以下年径流没有明显的趋势性变化,年输沙量呈减小趋势。自然状态下,河段岸线和深泓线位置基本稳定,河床冲淤变化不大,以约10年为一个周期,基本可以达到冲淤平衡。在人类活动及支流汇入影响下,黑河水位站至长发岛段纵向不稳定,预测会引起该段未防护岛屿洲滩的岸线变迁。

基于斑马算法优化支持向量回归机模型预测页岩地层压力

针对陇东地区三叠系延长组7段(长7段)页岩孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强、地层压力预测精度较低等问题,提出了一种基于斑马算法优化支持向量回归机(ZOA-SVR)模型预测地层压力的方法,并在实际钻井中进行了应用,将预测结果与基于机器算法的模型和常规地层压力预测方法结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:①ZOA-SVR模型以实测地层压力数据为目标变量,优选与陇东地区长7段页岩地层压力数据关联度达到0.70以上的深度、声波时差、密度、补偿中子、自然伽马、深侧向电阻率、泥质含量等7个参数作为输入特征参数,设置训练样本数为40,交叉验证折数为5,初始化斑马种群数量为10,最大迭代次数为70,对惩罚因子和核参数进行优化并建模,参数优化后拟合优度指标R2达到0.942,模型预测的地层压力数据在训练集和测试集上的绝对误差均低于1 MPa,预测测试集地层压力数据与实测压力数据的平均相对误差为2.42%。②ZOA-SVR模型在研究区长7段地层压力预测中优势明显,比基于粒子群优化算法、灰狼算法和蚁群算法的模型具有更好的参数调节及优化能力,R2分别提高了0.209,0.327,0.142;比等效深度法、Eaton法、有效应力法预测的地层压力精度更高,相对误差分别降低了32.53%,15.31%,5.91%。③ZOA-SVR模型在实际钻井中的应用结果显示,研究区长7段地层压力在垂向上分布较稳定,泥页岩段的地层压力高于砂岩段,地层压力系数主要为0.80~0.90,整体上属于异常低压环境,与实际地层情况相符。

多年调节综合利用水库多级调度图编制研究

承担多项兴利任务的多年调节水库,需综合考虑入库径流和不同任务要求编制多级调度图。提出了改进典型年法编制多年调节综合利用水库的多级调度图,即对不同来水水平年,根据水库各项兴利任务的设计保证率和年保证供水过程,将综合供水进行对应分级,拟定各级供水过程的供水系数,计算得到多级综合供水过程和年需供水量;利用长系列入库径流资料,根据各级供水任务年需供水量选取典型年,按相应需供水过程进行供水;考虑多年调节水库蓄供水特性,采用不同起调水位编制各调度线,上调度线典型年从蓄水期末水库位于正常蓄水位起调,下调度线和连枯年份调度线典型年从供水期末水库位于死水位起调,逆时序绘制各典型年水库蓄水指示线,分别取上、下包线,得到上、下调度线和连枯年份调度线;通过计算分界库容,拟定不同兴利任务的分界调度线,协调不同兴利任务。综合四条调度线,编制得到多年调节综合利用水库的多级调度图。选取某多年调节综合利用水库,按照流程编制其水库多级调度图,利用调度图进行长系列径流调度,经统计,所编制调度图满足各兴利部门设计保证率要求,多级调度图可有效指导水库运行,提高综合利用水库效益。

脱湿路径下土体水分变化路径及体积变形对滤纸法测定土-水特征曲线的影响

尽管滤纸法已被广泛应用于非饱和土-土水特性研究,但滤纸法试验数据与压力板试验数据始终存在无法连续、光滑连接的问题。为此,以收缩变形不同的两类土为研究对象,从试样水分变化路径和体积变形两个方面着手,分别开展了一系列室内压力板试验、滤纸法试验和土的收缩试验,并基于土-水特征曲线(soil-water characteristic curve,SWCC)试验结果,进行统计指标的量化分析。研究结果表明,饱和脱湿路径下的滤纸法与压力板法联合测定的SWCC试验数据能够有效地连接,而无水分变化路径下的滤纸法与压力板法各自测定的SWCC试验数据在连接时可能会错开或交叉,尤其是变形显著的土体;为了较准确地估算基于饱和度的SWCC,提出一个简单的改进法,仅需补充土的收缩试验;针对不同滤纸法试验结果呈现的差异性,给出了合理的解释。该研究结果不仅能为试验人员在同时处理滤纸法和压力板法试验数据时提供重要的理论指导,还能拓展滤纸法的适用范围。

膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱轴压性能研究

相变混凝土受自身相变材料及其吸附材料强度的影响,其力学性能同普通混凝土相比存在差异。研究相变混凝土的轴压性能及其应用,对8根膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱进行了轴压性能试验,研究了相变骨料掺量、体积配箍率对相变混凝土柱的破坏模式,荷载-应变曲线及轴压承载力的影响。结果表明:膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱的破坏形态与普通混凝土柱的破坏形态相同。进一步对试件的荷载-应变曲线进行了分析,结果表明:相变混凝土柱的极限承载力和延性随着相变骨料掺量的增加而降低,随着体积配箍率的增加而提高。基于以上结果,采用规范中的相关计算式对试件承载力进行预测,同时基于约束效应和叠加原理,建立了极限承载力计算式,并将两种计算式的误差进行对比。

基于依从性曲线变化规律的阶段性护理结合激励式心理干预对脑梗死恢复期患者康复自我效能感及肢体功能恢复的影响

目的探讨基于依从性曲线变化规律的阶段性护理结合激励式心理干预在脑梗死恢复期患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月收治的90例脑梗死恢复期患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于依从性曲线变化规律的阶段性护理结合激励式心理干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的身体锻炼、锻炼效果监测、主动寻求建议评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、Fugl-Meyer下肢评价量表(FMA-LE)、Holden步行功能分级(FAC)、Barthel指数、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于依从性曲线变化规律的阶段性护理结合激励式心理干预有助于提高脑梗死恢复期患者的康复锻炼依从性和自我效能感,促进肢体功能恢复,提高生活质量。

基于GST薄膜的弯曲波导相变光学器件光学仿真与分析

研究了相变光学器件的光传输性能,使用时域有限差分法建立覆盖Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)薄膜的弯曲波导模型,得到了在晶态和非晶态两种情况下GST的面积、厚度和在弯曲波导中的位置对光传输效率及损耗的影响规律。结果表明:GST的最优覆盖面积为0.415μm^(2),厚度为17nm,器件光传输不受GST覆盖位置影响,光传输对比度最佳达到90.8%,插入损耗低至0.321dB,在1500~1670nm波长范围内能够实现宽光谱并行传输。该器件尺寸小,消光比大,理论上满足提高光计算准确率的需求。研究结果对于非易失性、并行集成光子矩阵计算单元器件的研制具有一定的参考意义。

Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is necessary.This study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit invasion in Saudi Arabia under present and future climate change scenarios.Utilizing the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive species.We conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological factors.We focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation seasonality.The distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate habitats.The complex interaction that influenced the invasion of L.leucocephala was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife test.Presently,the actual geographic area where L.leucocephala was found in Saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand further.The MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC curve.Precipitation and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of L.leucocephala.Currently,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in Saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by L.leucocephala.We investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substantial influence on the distribution dynamic of L.leucocephala.Our findings indicated a significant expansion of high risk zones.High-risk zones for L.leucocephala invasion in the current climate conditions had notable expansions projected under future climate scenarios,particularly evident in southern Makkah,Al Bahah,Madina,and Asir areas.The results,backed by thorough spatial studies,emphasize the need to reduce the possible ecological impacts of climate change on the spread of L.leucocephala.Moreover,the study provides valuable strategic insights for the management of invasion,highlighting the intricate relationship between climate change,habitat appropriateness,and the risks associated with invasive species.Proactive techniques are suggested to avoid and manage the spread of L.leucocephala,considering its high potential for future spread.This study enhances the overall comprehension of the dynamics of invasive species by combining modeling techniques with ecological knowledge.It also provides valuable information for decision-making to implement efficient conservation and management strategies in response to changing environmental conditions.

Opportunity and shift of nitrogen use in China

It is never an easy task for China to feed 1.4 billion people with only 7%of the world's arable land.With nearly 30%of the world's nitrogen(N)fertilizer applied,China achieves high crop yields while facing N pollution result-ing from excessive N input.Here,we calculate the farmland N budget on the national and regional scales.The N use efficiency(NUE)in China increased by 28.0%during 2005-2018.This improvement is due to the reduction in fertilization and the improvement of crop management.The fragmented farmland is changing to large-scale farmland with the increase in cultivated land area per rural population and the development of agricultural mech-anization.This opportunity brings more possibilities for precision farmland management,thus further improving NUE.The goal of an NUE of 0.6 may be achieved in the 2040s based on the current development trend.This striking N use shift in China has important implications for other developing countries.