Channel Mismatching in Sidelobe Canceler: Limitations and Remedies

After a brief recall of the Sidelobe Canceler (SLC) working principle, including the derivation of a general formula for the Cancellation Ratio (CR), the effects of channel mismatching are investigated. In particular, curves providing CRvalues as a function of amplitude and phase channel mismatching, radar bandwidth, and jammer direction of arrival (JDOA) are provided for the cases of one and two auxiliary antennas. Subsequently, a time -space processor for performance restoration is analyzed in detail. In addition to the above mentioned quantities, the attainable CR value is expressed as a function of the space-time processor parameters. The contribution of the paper is related to the derivation of a number of mathematical equations of CR for several cases of practical interest for the radar engineer. In addition, several curves are presented to assist design of SLC systems.

Robust Blind Separation for MIMO Systems against Channel Mismatch Using Second-Order Cone Programming

To improve the deteriorated capacity gain and source recovery performance due to channel mismatch problem,this paper reports a research about blind separation method against channel mismatch in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems.The channel mismatch problem can be described as a channel with bounded fluctuant errors due to channel distortion or channel estimation errors.The problem of blind signal separation/extraction with channel mismatch is formulated as a cost function of blind source separation(BSS) subject to the second-order cone constraint,which can be called as second-order cone programing optimization problem.Then the resulting cost function is solved by approximate negentropy maximization using quasi-Newton iterative methods for blind separation/extraction source signals.Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed algorithm has low computational complexity and improved performance advantages.Simulation results verify that the capacity gain and bit error rate(BER) performance of the proposed blind separation method is superior to those of the existing methods in MIMO systems with channel mismatch problem.

Sulfide Aggregation in Ophiolitic Dunite Channels Explains Os-Isotope Mismatch between Oceanic Crust and Mantle

The osmium-isotope mismatch commonly reported between mid-ocean-ridge basalts(MORBs) and residual mantle might reflect evolution of the MORB Re-Os system after extraction from the asthenosphere, or preferential contribution of radiogenic Os components from mantle. However, in a MOR system, the role of dunite melt channels from the upper mantle and Moho transition zone in regulating isotopic systems between mantle and crust has rarely been evaluated. We report new Re-Os isotopic compositions of base-metal sulfides(BMS), chromites and dunites from dunite lenses with low spinel Cr# [Cr3+/(Cr3++Al3+) ≤ 0.66](products of interaction between MORB-like melts and upper-mantle harzburgites) from the Zedang ophiolite(South Tibet). Re-Os isotopic compositions of low-Cr# dunites from the Oman ophiolite are also shown for comparison. Mineralogical evidence suggests that the Zedang sulfides were originally precipitated as monosulfide solid solutions. The highly variable 187Os/188Os initial ratios(0.1191-0.1702) and low 187Re/188Os(<0.22) of the sulfides suggest that the chromite acted as a sink for Os-bearing sulfides, aggregating discrete Os components with heterogeneous isotopic signatures from asthenospheric or lithospheric mantle into dunite channels. The Zedang chromites and dunites show 187Os/188Os ratios similar to the primitive upper mantle(PUM), except for two dunites with sub-PUM ratios, reflecting the contribution of Os balanced by smaller volumes of Os-rich, unradiogenic sulfides(likely nucleating on Os nanoparticles) and larger volumes of Os-poor radiogenic BMS. Such isotopic heterogeneity, despite with less variation, has been observed in dunite channels from the Oman ophiolite and present-day mid-ocean ridges. Formation of dunite channels in the upper mantle thus can aggregate Os-bearing sulfides with chromite, leaving high Re/Os components into the residual melts. Once such channel systems were built up at the crust-mantle transition zone, the newly incoming MOR magmas would preferentially melt and dissolve the volumetrically abundant radiogenic BMS and retain Os-rich nanoparticles in the channels, further amplifying the Os-isotope mismatch between oceanic crust and mantle. This study sheds new light on the multistage evolution and small-scale behaviors of chalcophile and siderophile elements(e.g., Re-Os) and their isotopes(e.g., 187Re-187Os) with sulfides and chromites in a silicate-dominated melt plumbing system beneath mid-ocean ridges.

A new adaptive co-site broadband interference cancellation method with auxiliary channel

With the boom of the communication systems on some independent platforms(such as satellites,space stations,airplanes,and vessels),co-site interference is becoming prominent.The adaptive interference cancellation method has been adopted to solve the co-site interference problem.But the broadband interference cancellation performance of traditional Adaptive Co-site Interference Cancellation System(ACICS)with large delay mismatching and antenna sway is relatively poor.This study put forward an Adaptive Co-site Broadband Interference Cancellation System With Two Auxiliary Channels(ACBICS-2A).The system model was established,and the steady state weights and Interference Cancellation Ratio(ICR)were deduced by solving a time-varying differential equation.The relationship of ICR,system gain,modulation factor,interference signal bandwidth and delay mismatching degree was acquired through an in-depth analysis.Compared with traditional adaptive interference cancellation system,the proposed ACBICS-2A can improve broadband interference cancellation ability remarkably with large delay mismatching and antenna sway for the effect of auxiliary channel.The maximum improved ICR is more than 25 dB.Finally,the theoretical and simulation results were verified by experiments.

Deep learning for fast channel estimation in millimeter-wave MIMO systems

Channel estimation has been considered as a key issue in the millimeter-wave(mmWave)massive multi-input multioutput(MIMO)communication systems,which becomes more challenging with a large number of antennas.In this paper,we propose a deep learning(DL)-based fast channel estimation method for mmWave massive MIMO systems.The proposed method can directly and effectively estimate channel state information(CSI)from received data without performing pilot signals estimate in advance,which simplifies the estimation process.Specifically,we develop a convolutional neural network(CNN)-based channel estimation network for the case of dimensional mismatch of input and output data,subsequently denoted as channel(H)neural network(HNN).It can quickly estimate the channel information by learning the inherent characteristics of the received data and the relationship between the received data and the channel,while the dimension of the received data is much smaller than the channel matrix.Simulation results show that the proposed HNN can gain better channel estimation accuracy compared with existing schemes.

A Novel Approach to Blind I/Q Mismatch &Carrier Offset Compensation

This paper proposes a novel approach for I/Q mismatch compensation. Simulation results proves the superior per-formance of the proposed technique.

用于多通道单分子定位的高精度图像配准方法

单分子定位技术可以绕过光学系统的衍射限制,在生物样品的单粒子追踪和超分辨显微成像中得到了广泛应用.多通道单分子定位采用多个成像通道,可以实现对不同目标的同时追踪或多色超分辨成像,也可以提升单粒子追踪的轴向深度或实现更高的定位精度和密度.但各通道图像间的差异会影响协同定位或定量分析,因此图像配准是其图像数据预处理的关键环节;且由于单分子定位精度高,其对多通道图像配准精度的要求也很高.现有技术一般采用基于控制点的配准方法,且多采用复杂而精密的方式来获取基准物网格图像用于定位得到控制点对,以实现高精度图像配准,对样品或实验设备要求高,难以直接推广.为此,本文基于局部非线性变换和误匹配点剔除,发展了一种可以直接采用随机分布荧光珠样品作为基准物的高精度图像配准方法,通过在特征匹配和变换模型参数估计的过程中对控制点进行监测和迭代筛选,以剔除因单分子定位不准确或精度差而导致未精确匹配的控制点对,从而消除以随机分布荧光珠样品作为基准物时对于控制点准确获取和精确匹配所带来的不良影响,同时采用基于局部加权平均的二阶多项式拟合进行变换模型参数估计,以更好地适用于不同通道间存在局部非线性形变的情形.结果表明,采用该方法只需要3次迭代,就可以将未准确定位和精确匹配的控制点对找到并剔除,从而实现更准确的变换模型参数估计,将配准精度提高一个数量级,在图像局部非线性形变情况严重的正交像散双通道单分子定位成像系统中实现了约6 nm的配准精度.

Single-Channel Compressive Sensing for DOA Estimation via Sensing Model Optimization

The performance of multi-channel Compressive Sensing (CS)-based Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm degrades when the gains between Radio Frequency (RF) channels are inconsistent, and when target angle information mismatches with system sensing model. To solve these problems, a novel single-channel CS-based DOA estimation algorithm via sensing model optimization is proposed. Firstly, a DOA sparse sensing model using single-channel array considering the sensing model mismatch is established. Secondly, a new single-channel CS-based DOA estimation algorithm is presented. The basic idea behind the proposed algorithm is to iteratively solve two CS optimizations with respect to target angle information vector and sensing model quantization error vector, respectively. In addition, it avoids the loss of DOA estimation performance caused by the inconsistent gain between RF channels. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

机载共形阵通道幅相误差实时预测算法

针对飞行器高速机动时机体剧烈震颤引起的阵列失配等问题,提出一种快速通道预测算法,以提高阵列波束形成的鲁棒性。首先分析飞行器在高速震颤产生误差扰动的情况下,机载共形弧阵波束图的畸变程度,并假设通道幅度和相位误差随机,给出两类误差的预测算法。由于预测校准算法需结合共形阵背景下的接收阵列信号模型,因此给出具体的阵列稳健性判定依据,以阵元标定误差和幅相误差进行性能分析。然后提出一种基于标准校准元技术的共形阵误差预测算法,该算法不仅可以在阵列设计之初用于阵列校准,也可以在实际使用中进行通道修正。最后根据3个校准元对空间分布阵列进行误差预测。该误差预测算法在阵元间距为10cm的阵列中,对5 mm的随机抖动有较好预测,其中单次预测最多偏离实际误差1 mm,并且使用误差预测值可以直接部署于基带部分进行实时校准,校准精度在准确值的2 mm内,具有较高的实时误差校正能力。

基于内部通道参考的时间失配误差校正方法

为了提升TIADC系统采样率,解决时间失配误差校正的主流方法参考通道法限制采样率提升的问题,在对时间失配误差的估计中以系统内部通道作为参考通道,提出一种基于内部通道参考的时间失配误差校正方法。采用内部通道参考方法估计出时间失配误差参数,中心求导法求得目标信号导数,利用时间失配误差参数和目标信号导数对时间失配误差进行重构并完成误差补偿。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以在后台、自适应、无额外限制的情况下,实现30 dB左右的无杂散动态范围提升,5位左右的有效位数提升。对误差的压制能力接近参考通道法。

面向子带分解的非均匀抽取均衡算法

宽带数字阵列雷达通道失配严重的情况下,带宽分割法相比逆傅里叶变换法均衡效果更好,但其在不完全分解时重建误差较大且占用硬件资源过多;针对上述问题,提出一种延长带宽非均匀抽取均衡算法;该方法设定需要划分的子带数目,根据阻带截止频率的位置合并不参与均衡的子带;依据待均衡子带的频率特性对其非均匀抽取,并进行子带内均衡;均衡后各子带经过插值和合并操作,完成整个均衡过程;实验结果表明,在均衡子带个数和重建误差相等的情况下,相比带宽分割法,提出方法的幅度改善因子和相位改善因子分别提高5.39 dB和7.48 dB,降低了运算复杂度和硬件资源占用率。

一种基于带宽分割的自适应通道补偿方法

自适应阵列中,由于通道的频带特性不一致(通道失配),会导致自适应抗干扰性能的严重下降,一种解决的方法是在通道后加抽头延迟线进行自适应补偿,但是这种方法在通道失配波纹数较多的情况下,由于需要很多的抽头延迟线进行补偿而使得实时实现几乎不可能,该文提出了一种基于带宽分割的自适应通道补偿方法,能在通道失配波纹数较多的情况下,实时并较好地完成自适应通道补偿,理论分析和计算机仿真都证明了该方法的有效性。

用多通道AD分级采集扩展地震数据采集器的动态范围

地震数据采集是地震信号数字化必不可少的环节,动态范围是其一个重要的性能指标.实际地震信号的动态范围在160dB以上,而目前普遍使用的24位地震数据采集器动态范围相对较小且在50 Hz采样率时最大只达到135dB,致使24位地震数据采集器在实际使用中对小信号分辨率不够,不能有效提取地震信息;在大地震时又容易使数据采集器出现饱和限幅失真的现象而失去地震监测记录功能.本文针对在地震监测和地震研究中需要具有高分辨率和高动态范围的地震数据采集器这个亟待解决的问题,提出一种采用多通道AD转换器并行分级采集的方法,讨论了通道间失配及其标定.对研制实验样机的测试表明,其动态范围在50Hz采样时可以达到157dB以上,线性度优于0.005%.

用于补偿高次畸变的一种自适应均衡法

在自适应通道均衡中,常规均衡法中的高阶均衡器已不能有效补偿因通道失配严重而产生的高次畸变,从而导致自适应阵列处理性能的急剧下降。提出了一种基于带宽分割的自适应均衡法,即将待均衡频带分割成多个子带,并对每个子带分别进行均衡。与常规均衡法相比,该方法可有效均衡通道失配所产生的高次畸变。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明该方法能较大幅度地提高自适应均衡器的性能。

两种修正的自适应通道均衡方法

在常规雷达加装的自适应旁瓣相消(ASLC)系统中,天线至接收机前端馈线部分的相位不一致性通常不可忽略。而现有的自适应通道均衡方法是在接收机前端注入校准信号进行均衡,只能对接收机的幅相不一致性进行校正,对馈线部分的相位失配却无能为力,因此影响了ASLC的对消性能。该文提出了两种修正的自适应通道均衡方法,它们能同时校正接收机与馈线部分的幅相不一致性。理论分析和实验结果验证了这两种方法的有效性。

基于改进NLMS算法的通道校正技术研究

在电子侦察中,由于数字接收机通道中的放大器、混频器中的本振以及低通滤波器等器件的非理想性,造 成了接收机通道之间的幅相不平衡现象,极大地影响了无源测向的精度。本文在自适应滤波理论的基础上,提出了一种基 于改进NLMS算法的自适应通道校正方法。改进的算法在无法得到信号先验信息的情况下,也能获得较快的收敛速度和较 小的失调量,完成通道校正过程。基于该算法的通道校正方法不需要参考信号,直接利用天线接收到的雷达信号完成自校 正过程。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高通道的幅相一致性,是一种较好的通道校正方法。

对角加载对自适应均衡器性能影响的研究

在自适应通道均衡中 ,一般采用最小二乘的广义求逆法求解均衡器系数。当随着均衡器阶数增加时 ,常常会遇到方阵病态的现象 ,严重影响了均衡器的校正性能 ,甚至使均衡器停止工作。本文分析了方阵产生病态的原因 ,并在此基础上 。

带参考通道的时间交叉ADC数字后台校准方法

设计实现了一种带参考通道的时间交叉ADC(TIADC)通道误差数字后台实时校准方法。参考通道ADC与TIADC各个子通道ADC依次对齐,对同一输入信号在同一时刻进行采样并转换,输出差值被用在数字后台LMS自适应校准算法中以计算通道间的失配误差估计值,实现对各通道失调失配、增益失配和采样时刻失配造成误差的实时校准。FPGA实验结果表明,应用于12 bit,4通道,采样频率400 MS/s的TIADC中,归一化输入频率fin/fs=0.134时,在失调误差、增益误差和采样时钟误差分别为5%FSR、5%和1%Ts条件下,校准后信号噪声失真比(SNR)和无杂散动态范围(SFDR)分别提高了约19.61 d B和28.28 d B,为73.83 d B和86.15 d B,有效位达到11.96位。本校准方法计算复杂度低、易于硬件实现,能够应用于任意通道数的TIADC校准。

阵列天线互耦、阵元位置误差和通道不一致性的校正

研究了阵列天线中由各阵元互耦、位置误差及通道不一致性引起的阵列流形误差的校正问题。在计算得到互阻抗矩阵对互耦实行补偿的基础上,利用单信号源可以实现各阵元位置、通道幅度和相位的较精确的估计,从而估计出综合误差存在情况下的阵列流形。这种方法解决了一般条件和复杂情况下代价函数难于收敛的问题。仿真结果表明了这种校正方法的有效性和稳健性。

时间交替ADC通道失配误差的LS法估计

提出了一种基于最小二乘法的时间交替ADC通道失配误差估计方法。将时间交替ADC系统中的某个通道作为参考通道,利用参考通道的输出数据,通过滤波器插值获得非参考通道的理想输出数据。利用最小二乘法分别对非参考通道理想和实际的采样点进行拟合,结合时间交替ADC系统采样模型,对通道失配误差进行估计。仿真表明,即使在测试信号中含有谐波信号以及采样通道存在其他随机误差时,利用该方法仍然能将失配误差的计算准确度控制在±5%以内。最后,通过对实际高速数字化仪通道失配误差的测量证明了该方法的实用性。