Analysis on Climatic Characteristics of High Temperature Weather in Longdong Region

Using meteorological data from 8 national basic meteorological observation stations in Qingyang City of Longdong region from 1972 to 2021,the causes and change characteristics of high-temperature weather were analyzed,and targeted countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for residents' production,life,and energy security supply affected by high-temperature weather.The results showed that①affected by global warming,the annual average temperature,annual average maximum temperature,annual extreme maximum temperature,days of daily maximum temperature≥30℃,and days of daily maximum temperature≥35℃in Longdong region were all showing an upward trend;②due to the different terrain and soil properties of the underlying surface,the increase in high temperature weather varied in different regions.Due to the influence of desert and hilly terrain,the frequency and days of high temperature occurrence were relatively high in the central and northern parts of Qingyang City.Due to the climate regulation of the Ziwuling Mountains,the days of high temperature in the central and southern parts was significantly less than that in the central and northern parts;③if the warm high pressure ridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau developed strongly in summer,the temperature of the closed warm center reached 0-4℃on the 500 hPa of high-altitude weather map.If the warm air mass developed eastward,it often led to sustained high temperature weather in Longdong region;④when the El Nino phenomenon occurred,the subtropical high in the western Pacific developed strongly in summer,with a center located northward,which was stable,with little movement.It was dry,sunny,hot,and rainless in Longdong region,and the high temperature weather was more significant than that in normal years.

ANALYSIS OF LONG TERM CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERANNUAL CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE IN DONGGUAN OVER THE RECENT 50 YEARS

With the series of annual and seasonal temperature during 1957 – 2001 in Dongguan, Guangdong, the statistical characteristic and power spectrum and secular trend and sudden change phenomena are computed in this paper. From the results it is known that (1) the temperatures have obvious characteristics of monsoon climate but do not have normal distribution, showing biased distribution of high or low kurtosis; (2) over the recent half- century, the temperatures tend to rise, specially in the last 10 years, in which mean temperature have quickly ascended by about 1.5°C, and except for the spring, there were sudden change of seasonal temperature rising from the 1980’s to 1990’s, which really reflected the influence of developing and opening and urbanization on Dongguan temperature; (3) except for the spring, the temperature of other seasons show some oscillatory periods in Dongguan and some of them also include long-term variation trends.

Effects of temperature and precipitation on drought trends in Xinjiang, China

The characteristics of drought in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),China have changed due to changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation,however,the effects of temperature and precipitation—the two most important factors influencing drought—have not yet been thoroughly explored in this region.In this study,we first calculated the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 based on the monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature.Then the spatiotemporal characteristics of temperature,precipitation,and drought in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis method and Mann-Kendall test.A series of SPEI-based scenario-setting experiments by combining the observed and detrended climatic factors were utilized to quantify the effects of individual climatic factor(i.e.,temperature and precipitation).The results revealed that both temperature and precipitation had experienced increasing trends at most meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020,especially the spring temperature and winter precipitation.Due to the influence of temperature,trends of intensifying drought have been observed at spring,summer,autumn,and annual scales.In addition,the drought trends in southern Xinjiang were more notable than those in northern Xinjiang.From 1980 to 2020,temperature trends exacerbated drought trends,but precipitation trends alleviated drought trends in Xinjiang.Most meteorological stations in Xinjiang exhibited temperature-dominated drought trend except in winter;in winter,most stations exhibited precipitation-dominated wetting trend.The findings of this study highlight the importance of the impact of temperature on drought in Xinjiang and deepen the understanding of the factors influencing drought.

Low ambient temperature and air pollution are associated with hospitalization incidence of coronary artery disease:Insights from a cross-sectional study in Northeast China

Background:Previous studies have established a link between fluctuations in climate and increased mortality due to coronary artery disease(CAD).However,there remains a need to explore and clarify the evidence for associations between meteorological changes and hospitalization incidences related to CAD and its subtypes,especially in cold regions.This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between exposure to meteorological changes,air pollutants,and hospitalization for CAD in cold regions.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study using hospitalization records of 86,483 CAD patients between January 1,2009,and December 31,2019.Poisson regression analysis,based on generalized additive models,was applied to estimating the influence of hospitalization for CAD.Results:Significant associations were found between low ambient temperature[-10℃,RR=1.65;95%CI:(1.28-2.13)]and the incidence of hospitalization for CAD within a lag of 0-14 days.Furthermore,O_(3)[95.50μg/m^(3),RR=12;95%CI:(1.03-1.21)]and NO_(2)[48.70μg/m^(3),RR=1.0895%CI:(1.01-1.15)]levels were identified as primary air pollutants affecting the incidence of CAD,ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),and non-STEMI(NSTEMI)within the same lag period.Furthermore,O_(3)[95.50μg/m^(3),RR=1.12;95%CI:(1.03-1.21)]and NO_(2)[48.70μg/m^(3),RR=1.0895%CI:(1.01-1.15)]levels were identified as primary air pollutants affecting the incidence of CAD,ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),and non-STEMI(NSTEMI)within the same lag period.The effect curve of CAD hospitalization incidence significantly increased at lag days 2 and 4 when NO_(2)and O_(3)concentrations were higher,with a pronounced effect at 7 days,dissipating by lag 14 days.No significant associations were observed between exposure to PM,SO_(2),air pressure,humidity,or wind speed and hospitalization incidences due to CAD and its subtypes.Conclusion:Our findings suggest a positive correlation between short-term exposure to low ambient temperatures or air pollutants(O_(3)and NO_(2))and hospitalizations for CAD,STEMI,and NSTEMI.These results could aid the development of effective preparedness strategies for frequent extreme weather events and support clinical and public health practices aimed at reducing the disease burden associated with current and future abnormal weather events.

Research on Air Temperature Variation Characteristics and Trend in Tacheng Prefecture in Xinjiang during 1954-2008

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the changes characteristics of temperature in Tacheng.[Method] By dint of monthly average temperature from 1955 to 2008 in four typical meteorology station,Tacheng,Hebukesai’er,Tuoli and Wusu,the temperature multi-temporal scale characteristics and changes trend in future in Tacheng were expounded by small wave analysis and climate trend coefficient method.[Result] The average temperature in so many years in Tacheng was 5.88 ℃.The annual changes of temperature were relatively stable.The coefficient of changes were between 0.130-0.265.The extreme value was between 1.73-3.79;the sequence distribution of temperature showed plat peak form and the annual average temperature was divergence.The temperature in Tacheng had 5-year,9-year and 14-year period.It was in cold period in 1970 when average temperature was only 3.77 ℃.The 1980s was the warmest age in recent 54 years,reaching 8.10℃.In recent 90s,and comparing with 80s,temperature in Tacheng was decreasing,but still higher than that in 70s.It was forecasted that the temperature in future would increase.The annual average temperature in each area and the average temperature in each season in Tacheng increased significantly,with a range of 1.15-2.05 ℃/10 a.The smallest temperature increase speed in summer was 0.16-0.45 ℃/10 a.The annual average temperature changes speed was 0.40-0.78 ℃/10 a.[Conclusion] The temperature changes in Tacheng had positive corresponding trend toward the climate warming.

近50年石家庄地-气温差变化特征

利用石家庄17个国家气象站1972—2021年逐日地面气温、0 cm地温资料,分析了石家庄地-气温差的变化特征,结果表明:(1)石家庄地-气温差从1月开始逐渐增加,5月达到最大值5.0℃,然后开始减小,12月达到最小值-0.8℃;地-气温差在11月到次年1月为负值;春、夏、秋季均为正值,夏季最大,春季大于秋季,冬季以负值为主;(2)石家庄多年平均地-气温差在1.6~2.6℃之间,平均为2.1℃;整体上东部大于西部。(3)近50年石家庄年平均地-气温差呈显著的减小趋势,变化速率为-0.14℃/10a;夏、秋、冬三季的减小趋势均非常显著,夏季的减小趋势最强;石家庄市区和近郊站点年和四季地-气温差的减少趋势更显著。本文结论对科学认识石家庄城市生态环境的变化具有参考意义。

西宁地区界限温度变化特征分析

通过分析研究了青海省西宁市1960—2018年近59年的界限温度初、终日,界限温度期间持续日数变化趋势,界限温度初、终日以及期间持续日数与年平均气温的相关性和界限温度期间的积温变化趋势。得出了以下结论:(1)界限温度初日整体呈提前趋势,终日整体呈推后趋势,这就表明随着气温升高,界限温度日数增加,根据各界限温度的初终日变化来看,西宁地区春秋季整体呈增暖趋势;(2)伴随温度的升高,界限温度初终日之间的天数也随之增加;(3)通过分析有效积温和活动积温,根据气候倾向率变化看,大通增温最为明显,湟中次之,湟源最低。

鲁南地区1981—2021年地温变化特征分析及其对气温的响应

文章利用鲁南地区26个国家级气象观测站0~320 cm层地温和气温数据,分析出该地区1981—2021年0~320 cm层地温年、季变化特征及其对气温的响应。通过线性倾向率分析法、Mann-Kendall检验、Morlet小波分析法和ArcGIS空间分析功能探索鲁南地区地温分布特征。研究得出鲁南地区各层平均地温均呈上升趋势,春季升温特征最为明显;40 cm和80 cm层地温分别在2015年和2013年呈突变性增长状态;各层地温具有明显的20~25年时间尺度周期变化,且各层地温在不同时间段内存在各自的第二周期变化和第三周期变化;从地理角度分析,鲁南地温呈现南高北低的分布状态,由薛城、微山等地依次向东北、西北方向递减;各季浅层地温与平均气温均呈极显著正相关,相关系数均在0.84以上,80 cm和320 cm层地温秋季与平均气温相关系数未通过0.05显著检验。

多时间尺度下森林公园负离子变化特征及与温湿度关系研究

空气负离子(negative air ion,NAI)浓度是衡量空气清洁度的重要指标之一,不同时间尺度下NAI浓度的分析结果可能存在差异。从多时间尺度(时、天、月、季、年)视角出发,通过Mann-Kendall检验探究福州国家森林公园2017-2020年NAI浓度的变化趋势,采用小波分析探究NAI浓度变化周期性,应用灰色关联厘清多时间尺度下NAI浓度与温湿度的关系变化。结果表明,1)NAI浓度在春夏季变化不显著,秋冬季显著下降。2)NAI时平均浓度峰值和谷值分别在4:00和11:00,冬春季低且平稳,夏秋季较高且波动强。3)月尺度NAI浓度存在6、11、17、52个月的主周期,日尺度具有6、12、18、40 d的主周期,时尺度存在12、19、51 h的主周期,分钟尺度存在25、40 min主周期。4)NAI浓度与温度灰色相关性低于浓度与湿度灰色相关性,二者在时和日尺度上较低,在月和季尺度上较高。研究结果从多时间尺度揭示NAI浓度变动特征及其与温湿度关系,并给出高效康养出行时间建议,即在5、10月的6、12、18、24、30日的8:00、16:00进行游园较为适宜。

基于翅片结构优化的环境温差能采集热储特性分析

由于物联网节点规模的不断扩大,建筑日益增长的能耗与有限化石能源储备间矛盾激增。为了更大程度利用环境热能供电,打破环保型物联网节点规模和能耗的瓶颈,本研究对一种基于相变型环形热电技术的环境温差能采集装置进行翅片结构优化研究,将相变蓄热技术与环形拓扑热电进行耦合,使两者结构优势相互结合;对热沉翅片结构和参数进行优化,增强其相变蓄放热和控温的性能,进一步强化装置对环境温差能的采集利用能力。本工作探究翅片密度、体积分数、相对高度对热沉热储性能的影响,并对装置的热流传递过程和能量采集性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明:翅片密度增大、体积分数减小,相对高度提高有利于热沉蓄热性能和ATEG发电性能提高。在正弦温度变化边界下,该装置功率和能量效率峰值可达到31.57μW和0.073%,翅片效率可达到0.981。结构Ⅴ热沉蓄放热和温控性能更强,对应装置在计算过程产能为0.0453 J,较结构Ⅰ提升110.4%,能量采集性能更强。本研究有望进一步提高环境温差能采集装置的热储供电潜力,为全面构建绿色物联网节点打下基础。

廊坊市大气污染变化的特征分析

本文利用廊坊市大气污染物质量浓度的时间序列数据,研究其在时间序列上的周期特性。结果表明,2015—2018年廊坊市空气中主要污染物含量逐渐降低,空气质量指数逐步上升,重污染天数逐渐减少。与2017年相比,2018年可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、SO_(2)浓度分别下降4.90%、13.33%、21.43%。PM_(10)日均质量浓度以短期震荡为主,季节性变化显著。夏季浓度最低,冬季是一年中污染最严重的季节,存在显著峰值。

西安市环境空气质量污染变化特征与影响因素研究

选取2013~2018西安市环境监测点数据,从月、季、年三个维度对西安市环境空气污染时空变化特点进行研究。结合相关数据,对主要污染物与次要污染物分别由不同污染物占总污染程度比例,了解这些污染物对总污染贡献率计算出各个污染物污染负担系数。而后,以温度与逆温、雾霾天气、降水、气压与热岛效应及风速与风向等关键影响指标分析了西安市空气质量污染变化的影响因素,进而提出相关解决措施。

近46年来中国东部季风区夏季气温变化特征分析

利用中国东部季风区375个测站夏季平均气温资料,分析季风区夏季气温的变化特征。结果表明:(1)近46 a东部季风区夏季气温年平均呈缓慢上升趋势,但淮河流域出现下降趋势;(2)夏季气温稳定性随纬度增加而减小;(3)季风区夏季气温年均增温率0.104℃/10 a,全区平均状况看,1970年代中期后开始表现明显上升趋势;(4)季风区夏季气温变化首先表现为全区一致的变化型,然后为南北反相变化型;(5)根据REOF分析将季风区夏季气温异常分6个气候空间类型,东北、华北、江南及华南均呈现上升增温趋势,西南地区增温缓慢,淮河流域则呈现与全球变暖不一致的降温趋势。

近50年青藏高原地面气温变化的区域特征分析

青藏高原地面气温与其上空500hPa温度有着密切的关系,基于这种关系,重建得到青藏高原1950—2000年连续、可靠的台站地面月平均气温序列。利用重建后的地面月平均气温资料,对青藏高原年及各季节平均气温的变化进行区域划分,分析了近50年青藏高原全年及各季节气温变化的区域特征。结果表明,青藏高原的年、春、夏、秋季与冬季平均气温变化区域分别可以划分为4个区、2个区、4个区、5个区和4个区。青藏高原近50年气温总体上升,但同时存在明显的区域性和季节性差异,大部分区域的平均气温变化和高原总体升温相似,春季和冬季升温明显,特别是春季和冬季的Ⅰ区。夏、秋季升温趋势不明显,夏季Ⅰ区与秋季Ⅲ区还表现出较小的降温趋势,降温幅度分别为-0.26℃和-0.11℃。

近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析

利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0 8℃和0 7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量.

唐山地区近48年农业气候资源变化特征分析

以全球变暖为主线的气候变化已被世界公认。气候变化会影响到农业气候资源的变化,从而影响农业生产的格局、作物品种布局、粮食产量等。为此,利用唐山地区11个气象观测站1961—2008年日平均气温和逐日降水资料,运用最小二乘法进行线性倾向估计,分析唐山地区主要农业气候资源时间、空间变化趋势及其差异,为政府部门指导农业生产、发展设施农业和名优农产品开发、引进、农业气候资源利用论证提供决策依据。结果表明:唐山地区热量均呈增加趋势,西南部热量增加趋势明显,东北部热量增加较缓;≥0℃活动积温、≥10℃活动积温的变化与年平均气温的变化密切相关;年降水量表现为减少趋势,且年际间变化较大。

西南地区近40a气温变化的时空特征分析

利用西南地区96个测站近40a的月平均、月平均最高、月平均最低气温资料，采用主成分分析、旋转主成分分析、小波分析、Mann-Kendall等方法对西南地区气温变化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明：西南地区年平均、年平均最高、年平均最低气温的空间变化均具有很好的整体一致性，反映了年平均和年平均最高气温在1960s到1980s中期经历了一个由暖变冷的过程后，1980s后期开始呈现明显上升趋势，而年平均最低气温从1970s就开始呈单调上升趋势。青藏高原东侧山脉走向对气温变化的东西差异具有十分明显的影响。气温的主要空间异常可分为4个敏感区。小波分析表明，西南地区气温整体变化在近40a主要存在准8a的周期，其中四川盆地东部的气温在整个时段存在准20a和准8-9a的周期。

高温空气燃烧新型锅炉及特性分析

介绍了采用高温空气燃烧技术的新型锅炉 ,其关键部件包括蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体、实现分级燃烧和炉内烟气再循环的燃烧器及四通高频切换阀。详述了其工作原理及过程 ,探讨了开发该锅炉的基本思路 ,对其基本特性进行了分析 。

近40年宁夏云量和气温年际变化的相关分析

利用宁夏24个气象站的地面气温、总云量和低云量观测资料,分析了它们的年际及年代际演变趋势及相关关系。结果表明:近40年宁夏年平均气温波动升高,尤其是1990年以后;中部干旱带气温的年际变化较大,固原半干旱区气温变化幅度明显低于其它区域;1951年以来宁夏年平均总云量呈逐渐减少趋势,低云量下降趋势较总云量更为明显,2000年以后宁夏总云量有所增加。相关分析表明:宁夏年平均气温与年均总云量及低云量呈明显的负相关,均通过了0.01显著性水平检验,且低云量的相关更为显著;总云量和低云量与降水量呈显著正相关;同时,不同区域和不同季节总云量和低云量与气温、降水量的相关系数有明显差异。

城市化进程对南京市气温变化影响的主成分分析

为揭示城市环境气象的蠕变过程,利用南京站1956—2007年逐日气温资料及南京市1995—2006年的统计年鉴数据,通过主成分分析法,研究了南京市年平均气温变化与城市化进程之间的关系。结果表明:(1)1956年以来南京市年平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温总体呈上升趋势,增温率分别为0.28℃/(10 a)、0.18℃/(10 a)、0.33℃/(10 a),特别是1990年以后,增温速率进一步加大。(2)城市化进程中影响气温变化的主导因子为:城市下垫面性质、工业排污和人口数量。(3)1990年代后南京市城市化进程与年平均气温和年平均最低气温之间存在显著的正相关关系。