Improving the electrical performances of InSe transistors by interface engineering

InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.

A comparative study for the impact performance of shaped charge JET on UHPC targets

With the development of two-stage munitions(a precursor shaped charge(SC)and a following kinetic energy projectile)to attack the hard concrete targets,as well as the increasing applications of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)in both civil and military protective structures,a comparative study on the impact performance of SC formed jet on UHPC target is performed experimentally and numerically at present.Firstly,a series of jet penetration/perforation test on the UHPC,45# steel and UHPC/45# steel composite targets are conducted.By assessing the penetration depth and borehole(crater and tunnel)diameter,the influences of target material and configuration as well as the standoff distance of SC on the impact performance of jet are experimentally discussed.Then,by adopting the 2 D multi-material Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE)algorithm,Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)method and erosion algorithm implemented in the finite element code LS-DYNA,the formation and impact performance of jet in the present test are well reproduced.Finally,based on the validated numerical algorithms,constitutive models and the corresponding parameters,the influences of target material(UHPC,NSC and 45# steel),standoff distance,target configuration(stacked and spaced)and weight efficiency on the impact performance of jet are further discussed.The derived conclusions could provide helpful references for evaluating the ballistic performance of jet and designing the protective structures.

Effect of Residual Charge Carrier on the Performance of a Graphene Field Effect Transistor

The temperature-dependent effect of residual charge carrier （no）, at the Dirac point, on mobility is studied. We fabricate and characterize a graphene field effect transistor （GFET） using 7nm TiO2 as the top-gate dielectric. The temperature-dependent gate voltage-drain current and room temperature gate capacitance are measured to extract the carrier mobility and to estimate the quantum capacitance of the GFET. The device shows the mobility value of gOO cm^2 /V.s at room temperature and it decreases to 45 cm^2 /V.s for 20 K due to the increase of n0. These results indicate that the phonon scattering is not the dominant process for the unevenness dielectric layer while the coulomb scattering by charged impurities degrades the device characteristically at low temperature.

Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet

To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine(SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model(SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed.By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168-1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor(WFRCA).

Impact of Band-Engineering to Performance of High-k Multilayer Based Charge Trapping Memory

Impact of band-engineering to the performance of charge trapping memory with HfO2/Ta2O5/HfO2 （HTH） as the charge trapping layer is investigated. Compared with devices with the same total HfO2 thickness, structures with Ta2O5 closer to substrates show larger program/erase window, because the 2nd HfO2 （next to blocking oxide） serving as part of blocking oxide reduces the current tunneling out of/in the charge trapping layer during program and erase. Moreover, trapped charge centroid is modulated and contributed more to the fiat-band voltage shift. Further experiments prove that devices with a thicker 2nd HfO2 layer exhibit larger saturate fiat-band shift in both program and erase operation. The optimized device achieves a 7 V memory window and good reliability characteristics.

Designing an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment

This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.

Numerical Analysis on Charging Performance of the Macro-Encapsulating Combined Sensible-Latent Heat Storage System with Structural Parameters

For combined sensible-latent heat storage system(CSLHS)(termed as the hybrid configuration),macro encapsulation can effectively solve the leakage problem of PCMs.However,due to the poor thermal conductivity of PCMs,the charging performance of the hybrid configuration slightly increases compared to the solid structure(with only sensible materials).Meanwhile,the natural convection in the PCMs zone could improve the charging performance.So,how to improve natural convection intensity is a key issue for the CSLHS by macro encapsulating.It is found that adding fins can significantly enhance natural convection and accelerate the melting of PCM.In this paper,we proposed the hybrid configuration with fins built-in by macro encapsulation,and analyzed its charging performance with different fin structural parameters in the PCM zone by CFD simulation.In the case,the sensible heat storage material is high-temperature concrete and the PCM is a low-melting-point mixed molten salt.We analyzed the effects of fin number,fin length and fin thickness on the charging performance of the hybrid configuration respectively.From the result,the charging performance increases with the fin number,but the increase rate gradually decreases.When the fin number is 6,the charging performance increases by 20.18%compared to the situation without fin.The charging performance increases gradually with the fin length.Compared with the hybrid configuration without fin,for each 10 mm increase in fin length,its charging performances increase by 4.09%,5.26%,7.02%,8.77%,11.70%,and 15.79%,respectively.Different from number and length of fins,the effect of thickness on the charging performance is very small.When the fin thickness increased from 1 mm to 4 mm,the charging performance only increased by 2.3%.It indicates that the main reason for the improving the charging performance is to increase the natural convection intensity by dividing the PCM zone through fins.These results show that the charging performance of the CSLHS with macro encapsulation can be improved by optimizing fin structural parameters.

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge(RLSC)are investigated by experiments and simulations.The reactive materials liner with a density of2.3 g/cm^3 is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380℃.Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of0.5,1.0,and 1.5 CD(charge diameter),respectively.The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff,while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff.To understand the unusual experimental results,numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2 D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect,including the propagation behavior of detonation wave,the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet,and penetration depth of reactive jet.The simulations indicate that,compared with RLSC without wave shaper,there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper.This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline,which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.

Cosensitization process effect of D-A-π-A featured dyes on photovoltaic performances

Cosensitization based on two or multiple dyes as "dye cocktails" can hit the target on compensating and broadening light-harvesting region.Two indoline D-A-π-A motif sensitizers(WS-2 and WS-39) that possess similar light response area but distinctly reversed feature in photovoltaic performance are selected as the specific cosensitization couple. That is, WS-2 shows quite high photocurrent but low photovoltage, and WS-39 gives relatively low photocurrent but quite high photo voltage. Due to the obvious "barrel effect",both dyes show medium PCE around8.50%. In contrast with the previous cosensitization strategy mostly focused on the compensation of light response region, herein we perform different cosensitization sequence, for taking insight into the balance of photocurrent and photo voltage, and achieving the synergistic improvement in power conversion efficiency(PCE). Electronic impedance spectra(EIS) indicate that exploiting dye WS-39 with high V_(OC) value as the primary sensitizer can repress the charge recombination more effectively, resulting in superior V_(OC) rather than using dye WS-2 with high J_(SC)as the primary sensitizer. As a consequence, a high PCE value of 9.48% is obtained with the delicate cosensitization using WS-39 as primary dye and WS-2 as accessory dye, which is higher than the corresponding devices sensitized by each individual dye(around 8.48-8.67%). It provides an effective optimizing strategy of cosensitization how to combine the individual dye advantages for developing highly efficient solar cells.

Time-Temperature Charge Function of a High Dynamic Thermal Heat Storage with Phase Change Material

A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorbing solar heat, heat from co-generation and heat pumps or electric heat from excess wind and solar power. The storage system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that is so powerful that even with small temperature differences between the flow temperature and the storage temperature a high load dynamic is achieved. The storage system has a performance of 2.8 kW at 4 K and 10.6 kW at a temperature difference of 10 K. Thus, large performance variations in solar thermal systems or CHP plants can be buffered very well. Further a storage charge function Q(T, t) will be presented to characterize the performance of the storage.

Confining Li_(2)O_(2) in tortuous pores of mesoporous cathodes to facilitate low charge overpotentials for Li-O_(2) batteries

Achieving low charge overpotentials represents one of the most critical challenges for pursuing highperformance lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries.Herein,we propose a strategy to realize low charge overpotentials by confining the growth of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside mesoporous channels of cathodes(CMK-8).The CMK-8 cathode with tortuous pore structures can extend the diffusion distance of lithium superoxide(LiO_(2))in the mesoporous channels,facilitating the further reduction of LiO_(2) to lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside the pores and preventing them to be diffused out of the pores.Therefore,Li_(2)O_(2) is trapped in the mesoporous channels of CMK-8 cathodes,ensuring a good Li_(2)O_(2)/CMK-8 contact interface.The CMK-8 electrode exhibits a low charge overpotential of 0.43 V and a good cycle life for 72 cycles with a fixed capacity of 500 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1).This study proposes a strategy to achieve a low charge overpotential by confining Li_(2)O_(2) growth in the mesoporous channels of cathodes.

新能源汽车储能系统快速充电策略研究综述

电动汽车在近十年得到大力发展与推广,但续航里程一直限制着电动汽车的进一步发展。车载储能系统快速充电技术能够有效缓解现阶段电动汽车用户续航里程焦虑,同时提高车辆安全性。电动汽车快速充电技术包括基于经验的充电策略和基于优化的充电策略。本文首先总结了各种传统充电方法的优点和缺点,其次根据应用场景优化目标的不同,归纳了不同优化目标的快充策略的应用,此外总结了电池内部的电极材料、电解质和电极/电解质界面(EEI)对快充性能的影响,并归纳了不同材料的改良措施,并对该领域未来发展方向进行了展望。

基于深度强化学习的WRSN动态时空充电调度

高效的移动充电调度是构建长生命期、可持续运行的无线可充电传感器网络(WRSN)的关键之一.现有基于强化学习的充电策略只考虑了移动充电调度问题的一个维度,即移动充电器(MC)的路径规划,而忽略了充电调度问题中的另一维度,即充电时长调整,因而仍然存在性能限制.提出一种基于深度强化学习的WRSN动态时空充电调度方法(SCSD),建立充电序列调度和充电时长动态调整的深度强化学习模型.针对移动充电调度中离散的充电序列规划和连续的充电时长调整问题,使用DQN为待充电节点优化充电序列,并基于DDPG计算并动态调整序列中待充电节点的充电时长.通过分别从空间和时间两个维度的优化,在避免节点缺电失效的同时,所提出的SCSD可实现充电性能的有效提高.大量仿真实验结果表明,SCSD与现有的几种有代表性的充电方案相比,其充电性能具有明显的优势.

大豆蛋白-聚丙烯酰胺/复合盐抗冻凝胶电解质的制备及其应用

以大豆蛋白(SPI)、丙烯酰胺(AAm)、ZnCl_(2)、LiCl为原料,制备得到一种具备抗冻性能的大豆蛋白-聚丙烯酰胺复合盐(SPI-PAAm/ZnCl_(2)-LiCl)抗冻凝胶电解质,并将其应用到混合电容器中,考察器件在低温下的电化学性能。研究结果表明:ZnCl_(2)和LiCl的加入,破坏了凝胶电解质中水分子间氢键,并赋予凝胶电解质优异的低温离子电导率和较好的低温力学性能。当ZnCl_(2)与LiCl物质的量比为5∶12时,此条件下的抗冻凝胶电解质性能最优。在-70℃下,抗冻凝胶电解质经历100次应变为100%的循环拉伸测试仍保持结构完整,应力保持率>65%,塑性变形率<25%,能量损耗系数<0.35。基于此抗冻凝胶电解质的混合电容器在低温下仍具备良好的电化学性能,在-80℃下可以正常工作,低温环境下能量密度集中在50~200 Wh/kg,功率密度集中在1000~30000 W/kg,即便在-70℃下,混合电容器的功率密度接近1000 W/kg,能量密度>10 Wh/kg。同时,在-70℃下循环充放电5000次,电容保持率>94%,表现出优异的循环性能。

基于参比电极的析锂电池安全充电控制

电池系统是支撑下一代新型电网的关键,然而不合理的充放电策略会使电池发生析锂副反应,导致电池充放电性能大幅减弱。因此,文中针对三元锂离子电池,基于参比电极揭示了析锂后电池的充电性能变化情况,并对其安全充电电流进行控制。首先,设计不同温度下的充放电循环实验,得到低温循环与高温循环后的电池;其次,通过植入参比电极标定安全充电曲线对比电池的负极电位,发现高温循环后的电池发生了析锂,且平均充电电流相比新电池降低了61.7%;最后,对析锂后的电池建立安全充电荷电状态-温度-电流等高线图,对比新电池等高线图后发现,200 A以上的充电电流区域减少了69.84%。文中提供了一个析锂后电池充电性能衰减的量化指标,需要在实际的锂离子电池全寿命周期管理中予以考虑。

软包磷酸铁锂电池高温浮充后的电化学性能

磷酸铁锂电池因其较好的安全性在储能领域中备受关注。浮充电是一种对电池进行能量补充的常用充电方式,研究不同浮充条件对电池性能的影响显得尤为重要。以额定容量21 A·h的软包磷酸铁锂电池为试验对象,进行高温(50℃)浮充试验,探究高温下不同浮充电压(3.40 V、3.65 V、3.85 V)对电池容量、放电倍率性能、温度场分布和混合功率脉冲特性等性能的影响。结果发现,浮充后电池容量保持率急剧衰减,60天后的容量保持率均低于80%,并随着浮充电压升高,其容量保持率加剧递减,高温下浮充电压差异带来的影响明显增大。高温浮充后电池活性材料和活性锂离子损失严重,界面反应动力学受到阻碍,电池内阻明显增加,且电池放电脉冲功率能力减小,这些老化随浮充电压的升高而加快。温度场分布研究表明,高温浮充后电池放电时最高温度出现在正极极耳处,同时电池放电倍率能力在浮充后明显衰减,并随倍率增大放电容量缩减,且对应点温升明显加剧。由于电池高温浮充后会出现的老化和温升现象,因此电池在使用中应当避免长期高温浮充。本文为磷酸铁锂储能电池的浮充策略提供一定的参考依据。

荷电颗粒在旋转环形通道内分离性能研究

为研究带电旋转环形通道内荷电颗粒的运动和沉积特性,本文使用计算流体力学两相流离散颗粒法对带电旋转环形通道内的荷电颗粒的运动过程进行了模拟。根据模拟结果分析了不同粒径、电压、入口雷诺数和通道长径比等参数对荷电颗粒运动和沉积的影响,研究了荷电颗粒在旋转通道内离心力与电场力之间的竞争关系,探索了离心力和电场力导致的荷电颗粒运动和沉积变化的规律。结果表明,单个不同粒径颗粒具有不同的颗粒逃逸电压区间,区间的大小随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大,且区间的宽度随着通道长径比的增大将会明显变小;多个颗粒的逃逸率曲线,不同粒径的颗粒将会有不同程度的交叉,随着长径比的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的高度与交叉会有明显的减小,而随着转速的增大,颗粒逃逸率曲线的交叉会有一定程度的减小,且高度不会有明显变化。

锂离子电池快充石墨负极材料研究进展

锂离子电池广泛应用于电动汽车和储能领域,石墨负极材料受制于缓慢的嵌锂动力学和低的工作电位,其高倍率充放电下的容量、稳定性和安全性无法满足快充电池的应用需求。本文分析了快充石墨负极材料面临的主要挑战,着重介绍了石墨负极本征结构和浓差极化等限制其快充性能的内在因素,总结了通过石墨负极结构设计、化学修饰和表面包覆等策略提升石墨负极快充性能的方法,重点分析了增强石墨负极材料中离子电子传输、降低界面电阻等作用机理,展望了快充石墨负极的发展前景。结合现有研究成果,提出硬碳包覆微晶石墨策略,有望从材料设计层面大幅提升石墨的倍率性能,为高功率、高能量密度的LIBs石墨负极材料设计提供指导。

三元材料锂离子电池的多阶段恒流恒压快充

锂离子电池多采取单阶段恒流恒压快速充电,容量衰减严重,并有析锂的风险。结合XRD、SEM、TEM、显微共焦拉曼(Raman)光谱等方法分析以LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM523)为正极活性物质软包装锂离子电池在单阶段和多阶段恒流恒压策略下的循环行为。经过600次循环后(电压3.80~4.35 V、电流0.60~1.50 C),采用多阶段恒流恒压快充方法的电池的循环容量保持率为94.24%,较单阶段提升了4.91个百分点,欧姆阻抗及电荷转移阻抗的增长率为21.05%和2.86%,对比单阶段循环后分别降低了26.32及3.11个百分点;三元正极材料的层状结构比单阶段完整,多阶段负极的石墨化度为0.061 7,比单阶段低0.028 2,析锂现象更轻微。多阶段恒流恒压充电在快充工况中的性能优势更加明显。