Improving the electrical performances of InSe transistors by interface engineering

InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.

A comparative study for the impact performance of shaped charge JET on UHPC targets

With the development of two-stage munitions(a precursor shaped charge(SC)and a following kinetic energy projectile)to attack the hard concrete targets,as well as the increasing applications of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)in both civil and military protective structures,a comparative study on the impact performance of SC formed jet on UHPC target is performed experimentally and numerically at present.Firstly,a series of jet penetration/perforation test on the UHPC,45# steel and UHPC/45# steel composite targets are conducted.By assessing the penetration depth and borehole(crater and tunnel)diameter,the influences of target material and configuration as well as the standoff distance of SC on the impact performance of jet are experimentally discussed.Then,by adopting the 2 D multi-material Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE)algorithm,Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)method and erosion algorithm implemented in the finite element code LS-DYNA,the formation and impact performance of jet in the present test are well reproduced.Finally,based on the validated numerical algorithms,constitutive models and the corresponding parameters,the influences of target material(UHPC,NSC and 45# steel),standoff distance,target configuration(stacked and spaced)and weight efficiency on the impact performance of jet are further discussed.The derived conclusions could provide helpful references for evaluating the ballistic performance of jet and designing the protective structures.

Effect of Residual Charge Carrier on the Performance of a Graphene Field Effect Transistor

The temperature-dependent effect of residual charge carrier （no）, at the Dirac point, on mobility is studied. We fabricate and characterize a graphene field effect transistor （GFET） using 7nm TiO2 as the top-gate dielectric. The temperature-dependent gate voltage-drain current and room temperature gate capacitance are measured to extract the carrier mobility and to estimate the quantum capacitance of the GFET. The device shows the mobility value of gOO cm^2 /V.s at room temperature and it decreases to 45 cm^2 /V.s for 20 K due to the increase of n0. These results indicate that the phonon scattering is not the dominant process for the unevenness dielectric layer while the coulomb scattering by charged impurities degrades the device characteristically at low temperature.

Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet

To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine(SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model(SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed.By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168-1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor(WFRCA).

Impact of Band-Engineering to Performance of High-k Multilayer Based Charge Trapping Memory

Impact of band-engineering to the performance of charge trapping memory with HfO2/Ta2O5/HfO2 （HTH） as the charge trapping layer is investigated. Compared with devices with the same total HfO2 thickness, structures with Ta2O5 closer to substrates show larger program/erase window, because the 2nd HfO2 （next to blocking oxide） serving as part of blocking oxide reduces the current tunneling out of/in the charge trapping layer during program and erase. Moreover, trapped charge centroid is modulated and contributed more to the fiat-band voltage shift. Further experiments prove that devices with a thicker 2nd HfO2 layer exhibit larger saturate fiat-band shift in both program and erase operation. The optimized device achieves a 7 V memory window and good reliability characteristics.

Designing an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment

This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.

Numerical Analysis on Charging Performance of the Macro-Encapsulating Combined Sensible-Latent Heat Storage System with Structural Parameters

For combined sensible-latent heat storage system(CSLHS)(termed as the hybrid configuration),macro encapsulation can effectively solve the leakage problem of PCMs.However,due to the poor thermal conductivity of PCMs,the charging performance of the hybrid configuration slightly increases compared to the solid structure(with only sensible materials).Meanwhile,the natural convection in the PCMs zone could improve the charging performance.So,how to improve natural convection intensity is a key issue for the CSLHS by macro encapsulating.It is found that adding fins can significantly enhance natural convection and accelerate the melting of PCM.In this paper,we proposed the hybrid configuration with fins built-in by macro encapsulation,and analyzed its charging performance with different fin structural parameters in the PCM zone by CFD simulation.In the case,the sensible heat storage material is high-temperature concrete and the PCM is a low-melting-point mixed molten salt.We analyzed the effects of fin number,fin length and fin thickness on the charging performance of the hybrid configuration respectively.From the result,the charging performance increases with the fin number,but the increase rate gradually decreases.When the fin number is 6,the charging performance increases by 20.18%compared to the situation without fin.The charging performance increases gradually with the fin length.Compared with the hybrid configuration without fin,for each 10 mm increase in fin length,its charging performances increase by 4.09%,5.26%,7.02%,8.77%,11.70%,and 15.79%,respectively.Different from number and length of fins,the effect of thickness on the charging performance is very small.When the fin thickness increased from 1 mm to 4 mm,the charging performance only increased by 2.3%.It indicates that the main reason for the improving the charging performance is to increase the natural convection intensity by dividing the PCM zone through fins.These results show that the charging performance of the CSLHS with macro encapsulation can be improved by optimizing fin structural parameters.

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge(RLSC)are investigated by experiments and simulations.The reactive materials liner with a density of2.3 g/cm^3 is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380℃.Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of0.5,1.0,and 1.5 CD(charge diameter),respectively.The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff,while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff.To understand the unusual experimental results,numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2 D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect,including the propagation behavior of detonation wave,the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet,and penetration depth of reactive jet.The simulations indicate that,compared with RLSC without wave shaper,there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper.This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline,which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.

Cosensitization process effect of D-A-π-A featured dyes on photovoltaic performances

Cosensitization based on two or multiple dyes as "dye cocktails" can hit the target on compensating and broadening light-harvesting region.Two indoline D-A-π-A motif sensitizers(WS-2 and WS-39) that possess similar light response area but distinctly reversed feature in photovoltaic performance are selected as the specific cosensitization couple. That is, WS-2 shows quite high photocurrent but low photovoltage, and WS-39 gives relatively low photocurrent but quite high photo voltage. Due to the obvious "barrel effect",both dyes show medium PCE around8.50%. In contrast with the previous cosensitization strategy mostly focused on the compensation of light response region, herein we perform different cosensitization sequence, for taking insight into the balance of photocurrent and photo voltage, and achieving the synergistic improvement in power conversion efficiency(PCE). Electronic impedance spectra(EIS) indicate that exploiting dye WS-39 with high V_(OC) value as the primary sensitizer can repress the charge recombination more effectively, resulting in superior V_(OC) rather than using dye WS-2 with high J_(SC)as the primary sensitizer. As a consequence, a high PCE value of 9.48% is obtained with the delicate cosensitization using WS-39 as primary dye and WS-2 as accessory dye, which is higher than the corresponding devices sensitized by each individual dye(around 8.48-8.67%). It provides an effective optimizing strategy of cosensitization how to combine the individual dye advantages for developing highly efficient solar cells.

Time-Temperature Charge Function of a High Dynamic Thermal Heat Storage with Phase Change Material

A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorbing solar heat, heat from co-generation and heat pumps or electric heat from excess wind and solar power. The storage system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that is so powerful that even with small temperature differences between the flow temperature and the storage temperature a high load dynamic is achieved. The storage system has a performance of 2.8 kW at 4 K and 10.6 kW at a temperature difference of 10 K. Thus, large performance variations in solar thermal systems or CHP plants can be buffered very well. Further a storage charge function Q(T, t) will be presented to characterize the performance of the storage.

Experimental investigation of effect of refrigerant gases,compressor lubricant and operating conditions on performance of a heat pump

In the field of heat pumps,there are a number of parameters that affect the performance and efficiency of the apparatus,which have been the subject of studies by individual researchers in the literature.This study describes an experimental method in order to investigate the effects of some significant parameters on heat pump performance.In this regard,a laboratory heat pump setup has been utilized to operate in different working conditions for achieving an appropriate estimation to find out effects of mentioned parameters such as refrigerant type and charge amount,compressor oil viscosity,compressor cooling fan,secondary fluids temperature and flow rate.Different refrigerants have been selected and used as circulating fluid in the installed heat pump.Although this work has been devoted to a detailed attempt to recognize the effects of various parameters on the coefficient of performance(COP) value,an appropriate method has been carried out to survey the obtained results by using economic analysis.It was revealed that one of the main parameters is refrigerant charge amount which has a notable effect on COP.The temperature of the heat source was also tested and the performance of the system increased by more than 11% by employing mentioned modifications and various operating conditions.In addition,by selecting a low viscosity compressor oil,the system performance increased by 18%.This improvement is more than 6% for the case that cooling fan is installed to cool the compressor element.

Confining Li_(2)O_(2) in tortuous pores of mesoporous cathodes to facilitate low charge overpotentials for Li-O_(2) batteries

Achieving low charge overpotentials represents one of the most critical challenges for pursuing highperformance lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries.Herein,we propose a strategy to realize low charge overpotentials by confining the growth of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside mesoporous channels of cathodes(CMK-8).The CMK-8 cathode with tortuous pore structures can extend the diffusion distance of lithium superoxide(LiO_(2))in the mesoporous channels,facilitating the further reduction of LiO_(2) to lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside the pores and preventing them to be diffused out of the pores.Therefore,Li_(2)O_(2) is trapped in the mesoporous channels of CMK-8 cathodes,ensuring a good Li_(2)O_(2)/CMK-8 contact interface.The CMK-8 electrode exhibits a low charge overpotential of 0.43 V and a good cycle life for 72 cycles with a fixed capacity of 500 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1).This study proposes a strategy to achieve a low charge overpotential by confining Li_(2)O_(2) growth in the mesoporous channels of cathodes.

Performance Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Vehicles

PHEVs （passenger plug-in hybrid electric vehicles） have shown significant fuel reduction potential. Furthermore, PHEVs can also improve longitudinal vehicle dynamics with respect to acceleration and engine elasticity. The objective of this study is to investigate potential of concurrent optimization of fuel efficiency and driving performance. For the studies, a backward vehicle model for a parallel PHEV was designed, where the power flow is calculated from the wheels to the propulsion units, the conventional ICE （internal combustion engine） and the EMG （electric motor/generator） unit. The hybrid drive train is according to a P2 layout, consequently the EMG is situated between the shifting clutch and the ICE. The implemented operation strategy distributes the power to both propulsion units depending on the vehicle speed, requested driving torque, the battery＇s SOC （state of charge） and SOP （state of power）. Additional information, such as the slope of the road, can be taken into account by the operation strategy. In the paper, the fuel saving potential as well as the longitudinal dynamics change of different PHEV configurations is presented as a function of battery capacity and EMG power. Consequently, applicable hybrid components can be defined. By using additional information of the environment like various sensor data, road slope amongst others, the fuel saving potential can be improved even more. By studying the dynamic model, the overall results of the backward model are confirmed. In conclusion, this study shows that it is possible to concurrently reduce fuel consumption and increase driving performance in PHEVs. The potential depends strongly on the configuration of the electric components and the implemented operation strategy. Consequently, the hybrid system configuration has to be chosen carefully and aligned to the vehicle performance.

新能源汽车储能系统快速充电策略研究综述

电动汽车在近十年得到大力发展与推广,但续航里程一直限制着电动汽车的进一步发展。车载储能系统快速充电技术能够有效缓解现阶段电动汽车用户续航里程焦虑,同时提高车辆安全性。电动汽车快速充电技术包括基于经验的充电策略和基于优化的充电策略。本文首先总结了各种传统充电方法的优点和缺点,其次根据应用场景优化目标的不同,归纳了不同优化目标的快充策略的应用,此外总结了电池内部的电极材料、电解质和电极/电解质界面(EEI)对快充性能的影响,并归纳了不同材料的改良措施,并对该领域未来发展方向进行了展望。

PEI/SA/Cu三元体系改性荷正电纳滤膜及其脱盐性能

通过将海藻酸钠(SA)与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)共混作为二次界面聚合反应的水相溶液,SA与PEI强相互作用使SA嵌入到聚酰胺层中,从而提高膜的致密性.随后通过Cu^(2+)与SA结合提高膜表面荷正电性,提高膜对多价阳离子的截留性能.对比研究了SA和Cu^(2+)浓度对复合膜物化性质、表面形貌及分离性能的影响.结果表明,荷正电纳滤膜的最佳制备条件为:SA质量分数为0.01%,Cu^(2+)浓度为25 mmol/L,所对应的PS/Cu-3复合膜亲水性提高.与Control-PEI膜相比,其通量提高了257%,为(40.0±0.8)L/(m^(2)·h),对MgCl2的截留率从92.0%提升至97.1%,且具有良好的耐压性和稳定性.

混装焦丁对高块矿配比含铁炉料软熔行为的影响

钢铁工业的低碳化对支撑我国“双碳”目标具有重要意义。提高块矿的入炉比例是降低高炉炼铁碳排放的一个重要措施,而如何减轻高块矿配比对高炉冶炼过程的不利影响是该工艺应用的关键限制性环节。本文通过软熔试验考察块矿配比、焦丁混装量、焦丁加入方式等对综合炉料软熔行为的影响。结果表明:随着块矿配比由12%提升至24%(块矿完全替代球团矿),软化开始温度和熔化开始温度分别降低60℃和39℃,软化区间较大幅度增加,滴落温度降低,软熔带位置上升。软熔区间变宽导致S值进一步增大至195.29 kPa·℃,提高了30%以上,即炉料的软熔性能逐渐变差。混装4 g焦丁(28.6 kg/t铁水)条件下熔化开始温度由1 397℃提高至1 440℃,S值从185.16 kPa·℃降低至46.61 kPa·℃,降低了约75%,料层的透气性明显提高,即显著改善了炉料的软熔性能。但进一步提高混装量则效果不大,此外混装的效果要好于层装。当温度超过熔化开始温度(T_(s))时,焦丁的消耗变得明显,其在整个软熔过程中的消耗率为40%左右。本文研究结果可为高块矿配比炉料结构下高炉的高效冶炼提供参考。

基于深度强化学习的WRSN动态时空充电调度

高效的移动充电调度是构建长生命期、可持续运行的无线可充电传感器网络(WRSN)的关键之一.现有基于强化学习的充电策略只考虑了移动充电调度问题的一个维度,即移动充电器(MC)的路径规划,而忽略了充电调度问题中的另一维度,即充电时长调整,因而仍然存在性能限制.提出一种基于深度强化学习的WRSN动态时空充电调度方法(SCSD),建立充电序列调度和充电时长动态调整的深度强化学习模型.针对移动充电调度中离散的充电序列规划和连续的充电时长调整问题,使用DQN为待充电节点优化充电序列,并基于DDPG计算并动态调整序列中待充电节点的充电时长.通过分别从空间和时间两个维度的优化,在避免节点缺电失效的同时,所提出的SCSD可实现充电性能的有效提高.大量仿真实验结果表明,SCSD与现有的几种有代表性的充电方案相比,其充电性能具有明显的优势.

中压补气对R404A冷冻系统性能特性研究

针对纯电动冷藏车冷冻系统在低温工况下出现的排气温度过高、制冷效能较低等问题,研发并搭建了一套采用变频换热风机的微通道换热器新型冷冻系统,研究车厢外环境温度持续增长时,中压补气技术对冷冻系统性能的影响。结果表明:当压缩机转速为4200r/min,库外温度为32℃,库内温度为-15℃,车内换热器风量为80%时,通过试验数据对比分析发现主阀的过热度和补阀的开度分别为5K和25%时冷冻系统制冷性能最佳;当冷冻系统主补阀开度为最佳时,变化库外环境温度发现,与不补气系统对比,系统采用中压补气时,排气温度降低了12.53%~33.80%,制冷量提高了8.38%~16.73%,压缩机功率增加了5.71%~13.07%,COP值上升了2.94%~4.17%。

阳离子改性木质素混凝剂污泥脱水性能研究

混凝调理是一种成本低廉、操作方便的污泥调理方法.而传统无机盐混凝剂和合成有机高分子混凝剂在使用过程中存在金属离子及高毒性单体残留等问题.本文以自然界中来源广泛的一种可再生资源——木质素为原材,以丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为改性单体,采用接枝共聚技术,制得一系列电荷密度(CD)不同的阳离子改性木质素混凝剂(LN-CD).以南京仙林某市政污水处理厂活性污泥为研究对象,测定了活性污泥经系列LN-CD调理后的泥饼含水率(FCMC)、污泥比阻(SRF)、毛细吸水时间(CST)和压缩系数(s),系统考察了LN-CD污泥调理性能;结合污泥絮体结构、泥饼表面形貌和污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)不同形态及成分含量与分布变化情况,详细讨论了LN-CD混凝剂的污泥脱水机理.研究结果表明,LN-CD具有良好的污泥调理效果,CD是影响LN-CD脱水性能的重要因素,CD越高污泥脱水效果越佳,其中经CD最高的LN-CD1调理后,FCMC、SRF、CST和s分别为:68.91%、0.89×10^(12)m·kg^(−1)、15.0 s及0.81;且获得的污泥絮体尺寸最大结构也最为紧密,污泥中不同形态EPS含量及蛋白质与多糖组分也均有效下降.这是由于LN-CD通过电中和及粘结架桥作用有效聚集污泥颗粒,对EPS结构造成破坏,释放出结合水;此外,木质素本身特有的芳环结构不仅可利用其刚性结构特征起到骨料支撑作用有利于改善泥饼可压缩性,增强其泥饼渗透性,同时其疏水性能还可通过疏水缔合作用与EPS中疏水片段结合有效压缩EPS,从而进一步提高其污泥脱水性能.综上所述,LN-CD制备简单,绿色环保,污泥调理性能优良,其在污泥脱水中应具有良好的应用前景.

大豆蛋白-聚丙烯酰胺/复合盐抗冻凝胶电解质的制备及其应用

以大豆蛋白(SPI)、丙烯酰胺(AAm)、ZnCl_(2)、LiCl为原料,制备得到一种具备抗冻性能的大豆蛋白-聚丙烯酰胺复合盐(SPI-PAAm/ZnCl_(2)-LiCl)抗冻凝胶电解质,并将其应用到混合电容器中,考察器件在低温下的电化学性能。研究结果表明:ZnCl_(2)和LiCl的加入,破坏了凝胶电解质中水分子间氢键,并赋予凝胶电解质优异的低温离子电导率和较好的低温力学性能。当ZnCl_(2)与LiCl物质的量比为5∶12时,此条件下的抗冻凝胶电解质性能最优。在-70℃下,抗冻凝胶电解质经历100次应变为100%的循环拉伸测试仍保持结构完整,应力保持率>65%,塑性变形率<25%,能量损耗系数<0.35。基于此抗冻凝胶电解质的混合电容器在低温下仍具备良好的电化学性能,在-80℃下可以正常工作,低温环境下能量密度集中在50~200 Wh/kg,功率密度集中在1000~30000 W/kg,即便在-70℃下,混合电容器的功率密度接近1000 W/kg,能量密度>10 Wh/kg。同时,在-70℃下循环充放电5000次,电容保持率>94%,表现出优异的循环性能。