Revealing interfacial charge redistribution of homologous Ru-RuS_(2) heterostructure toward robust hydrogen oxidation reaction

Precisely tailoring the surface electronic structures of electrocatalysts for optimal hydrogen binding energy and hydroxide binding energy is vital to improve the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reac-tion(HOR).Herein,we employ a partial desulfurization strategy to construct a homologous Ru-RuS_(2) heterostructure anchored on hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres(Ru-RuS_(2)@C).The disparate work functions of the heterostructure contribute to the spontaneous formation of a unique built-in electric field,accelerating charge transfer and boosting conductivity of electrocatalyst.Consequently,Ru-RuS_(2)@C exhibits robust HOR electrocatalytic activity,achieving an exchange current density and mass activity as high as 3.56 mA cm^(-2) and 2.13 mAμg_(Ru)^(-1),respectively.exceeding those of state-of-the-art Pt/C and most contemporary Ru-based HOR electrocatalysts.Surprisingly,Ru-RuS_(2)@C can tolerate 1000 ppm of cO that lacks in Pt/C.Comprehensive analysis reveals that the directional electron transfer across Ru-RuS_(2) heterointerface induces local charge redistribution in interfacial region,which optimizes and balances the adsorption energies of H and OH species,as well as lowers the energy barrier for water formation,thereby promoting theHoR performance.

Charge redistribution caused by sulfur doping of bimetal FeCo phosphides supported on heteroatoms-doped graphene for Zn-air batteries with stable cycling

Exploring feasible synthesis approaches to highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts toward both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is triggering researcher’s even-increasing interest in rechargeable Zn-air batteries.Herein,sulfur-doped bimetal FeCo phosphide nanoparticles dispersed on N,P,S-tri-doped graphene(donated as S-FeCo3P/NPSG)are rationally prepared through a controllable one-step carbothermal-phosphorization strategy.The modified charge distribution and electron-donor properties of S-FeCo3P/NPSG caused by S decoration render a significantly beneficial effect on the electrocatalytic activities.Consequently,the S-FeCo3P/NPSG electrode exhibits extraordinary bifunctional activities toward oxygen electrochemistry of the OER overpotential of 290 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2) and the ORR half-wave potential of 0.83 V,approaching to that of noblemetal IrO_(2)(289 m V)and Pt/C(0.84 V),respectively,but with more stronger operation stability in alkaline media.When S-FeCo3P/NPSG serves as the air cathode for liquid-state Zn-air battery,the large peak power density and energy density,as well as superb discharge-charge durability(cycling life>600 h)of this device are obtained.Furthermore,all-solid-state Zn-air battery with S-FeCo3P/NPSG as air electrode also displays excellent mechanical flexibility,high power density and stable cycling stability.The self-reconstruction behavior of the S-FeCo3P/NPSG cathode catalysts is also investigated during the electrocatalytic Zn-air battery operation.This work would provide some novel inspiration from aspects of bonding and charge distribution for the rational construction of active and cost-efficient bifucntional oxygen electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion devices.

The Self-Consistent Nonlinear Theory of Charged Particle Beam Acceleration by Slowed Circularly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves

The relativistic interaction of charged particle beams with a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating along a uniform guiding magnetic field in the tunneling of a dielectric medium is analyzed. The acceleration mechanism and a self-consistent nonlinear theory are presented for the interaction of relativistic charged particle beams with electromagnetic waves. Numerical results show that the beam particle can be efficiently accelerated in the interaction process.

Interfacial charge redistribution to promote the catalytic activity of Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C n-n heterojunction for oxygen evolution

Modulating surface charge redistribution based on interface and defect engineering has been considered as a resultful means to boost electrocatalytic activity.However,the mechanism of synergistic regulation of heterojunction and vacancy defects remains unclear.Herein,a Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C n-n heterojunction with sulfur vacancies is successfully constructed,which manifests superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution,as demonstrated by a low overpotential of 170 mV to reach 10 mA/cm^(2).The experimental results and density functional theory calculations testify that the outstanding OER performance of Vs-CoP-CoS_(2)/C heterojunction is owed to the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and built-in electric field at n-n heterogeneous interface,which accelerates the electron transfer,induces the charge redistribution,and regulates the adsorption energy of active intermediates during the reaction.This study affords a promising means to regulate the electrocatalytic performance by the construction of heterogeneous interfaces and defects,and in-depth explores the synergistic mechanisms of n-n heterojunction and vacancies.

Characteristics of Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges in Atmospheric Helium Microplasmas

Microplasmas are very interesting due to their unique properties and achievable regimes maintained at atmospheric pressures. Due to the small scales, numerical modeling could contribute to the understanding of underlying phenomena as it provides access to local parameters--and complements experimental global characteristics. A self-consistent formalism, applied to nanosecond pulsed atmospheric non-equilibrium helium plasmas, reveals that several successive discharges can persist as a result of a combined volume and dielectric surface effects. The valuable insights provided by the spatiotemporal simulation results show the critical importance of coupled gas and plasma dynamics--namely gas heating and electric field reversals.

Electron-deficient ZnO induced by heterointerface engineering as the dominant active component to boost CO_(2)-to-formate conversion

Electrocatalytic CO_(2)-to-formate conversion is considered an economically viable process.In general,Zn-based nanomaterials are well-known to be highly efficient electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO_(2) to CO,but seldom do they exhibit excellent selectivity toward formate.In this article,we demonstrate that a heterointerface catalyst ZnO/ZnSnO3 with nanosheet morphology shows enhanced selectivity with a maximum Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 86%at−0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and larger current density for the conversion of CO_(2) to formate than pristine ZnO and ZnSnO3.In particular,the FEs of the C1 products(CO+HCOO−)exceed 98%over the potential window.The experimental measurements combined with theoretical calculations revealed that the ZnO in ZnO/ZnSnO3 heterojunction delivers the valence electron depletion and accordingly optimizes Zn d-band center,which results in moderate Zn-O hybridization of HCOO*and weakened Zn-C hybridization of competing COOH*,thus greatly boosting the HCOOH generation.Our study highlights the importance of charge redistribution in catalysts on the selectivity of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction.

电动汽车并网下电力-交通耦合系统脆弱性评估

针对电力-交通耦合系统,提出一种电动汽车并网下基于最大流理论的脆弱性评估方法。建立电力-交通耦合网络模型,在此基础上,提出脆弱性指标,考虑充电站失效与充电需求重分配等场景,进行电力-交通耦合系统脆弱性评估。算例分析并识别了电动汽车并网下电力系统的关键线路。结果表明,指数越高的线路对点网络的影响越大,并通过网络剩余容量验证了方法的有效性。

STUDY ON THE ACCOUNT-SHARING STRATEGY FOR MULTI-SERVICES IN IMS ONLINE CHARGING MECHANISM

A prepaid subscriber is allowed to simultaneously implement multiple services in online charging mechanism of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). It is a noteworthy discussion to effectively distribute the limited account resources among concurrent services. An account-sharing algorithm is proposed for multi-services,which introduces resource reclamation and redistribution processes based on the resource reservation of standard specifications and dynamically adjusts them according to the changes of Quality of Service (QoS). Three performance indexes are investigated in the simulation experiments, which are average number of accommodated sessions, average number of completed ses- sions, and average number of iterations per accommodated session. The results show that in the normal QoS level, the three indexes of the proposed algorithm averagely increase by 18.7%, 5.4%, and 3.1% compared with the Prepaid Credit Distribution (PCD) algorithm, and by 2.1%, 1.0%, and 1.8% compared with the Prepaid Credit Reclaim (PCR) algorithm. In the poor QoS level, the performance advantages are greater, which averagely increase by 29.1%, 7.1%, and 2.8% compared with PCD, and by 9.4%, 4.1%, and 3.6% compared with PCR.

Plasma-induced Mo-doped Co_(3)O_(4)with enriched oxygen vacancies for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in water splitting

Heteroatomic substitution and vacancy engineering of spinel oxides can theoretically optimize the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)through charge redistribution and d-band center modification but still remain a great challenge in both the preparation and catalytic mechanism.Herein,we proposed a novel and efficient Ar-plasma(P)-assisted strategy to construct heteroatom Mo-substituted and oxygen vacancies enriched hierarchical spinel Co_(3)O_(4)porous nanoneedle arrays in situ grown on carbon cloth(denoted P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC)to improve the OER performance.Ar-plasma technology can efficiently generate vacancy sites at the surface of hydroxide,which induces the anchoring of Mo anion salts through electrostatic interaction,finally facilitating the substitution of Mo atoms and the formation of oxygen vacancies on the Co_(3)O_(4)surface.The P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC affords a low overpotential of only 276 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)for the OER,which is 58 mV superior to that of Mo-free Co_(3)O_(4)@CC and surpasses commercial RuO_(2)catalyst.The robust stability and satisfactory selectivity(nearly 100%Faradic efficiency)of P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC for the OER are also demonstrated.Theoreti-cal studies demonstrate that Mo with variable valance states can efficiently regulates the atomic ratio of Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)and increases the number of oxygen vacancies,thereby inducing charge redistribution and tuning the d-band center of Co_(3)O_(4),which improve the adsorption energy of oxygen intermediates(e.g.,*OOH)on P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC during OER.Furthermore,the two-electrode OER//HER electrolyzer equipped with P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC as anode displays a low operation potential of 1.54 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2),and also exhibits good reversibility and anticurrent fluctuation ability under simulated real energy supply conditions,demonstrating the great potential of P-Mo-Co_(3)O_(4)@CC in water electrolysis.

一种基于混沌的真随机源电路

提出了一种基于混沌的随机源电路 ,通过利用电容上电荷的再分配 ,实现了一个离散混沌系统 .该电路在0 .8μm CMOS工艺下流片成功 ,核心面积小于 4 2 0 0 μm2 ,功耗小于 1m W,优于目前已有的几种实现方法 .

基于动态容值修正的混合型超级电容器SOC估计

作为大规模储能系统的重要组成,混合型超级电容器的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)估计是能量管理系统必不可少的部分。该文提出一种基于动态容值修正的超级电容器SOC预估方法。首先,利用参数辨识方法求解超级电容器实时电动势,定义不同初始电压放电至相同终止电压的容值为动态容值。其次,设计不同温度、不同电流倍率的实验得到超级电容器不同工况下特性。再次,建立基于动态容值修正的全工况预测模型,修正电动势归一化和电荷再分配现象导致的SOC估计的误差。最后,通过多个温度下的随机变电流放电实验数据,将基于动态容值修正的SOC估计值和电流Ah积分法得到的SOC参考值进行对比,证明该SOC估计方法的准确性。

胸腺嘧啶与Ca^+复合物的稳定结构及电荷分布

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法并在6-311+G(2df,2p)基组的水平上,对Ca+和胸腺嘧啶(Thymine)形成的复合物TCa+的结构、稳定性、离子亲和能和电荷分布进行了细致的分析,发现T3与Ca+形成较稳定的结构,且与其它两种同分异构体相比,电荷转移最明显.

一种电荷再分布的逐次逼近AD转换器设计

设计了一种电荷再分布逐次逼近AD转换器电路。通过引入耦合电容CS,整个电容阵列只需要128个单位电容C,相比直接使用二进制加权电容阵列,节省了近97%的单位电容数量。选用Charted 0.35μm Mix Signal,3.3V工艺模型进行设计,仿真结果表明,转换器的分辨率LSB=0.6m V,能够达到12位转换精度。

新型浮栅MOS单管动态比较器设计

提出一种新型浮栅MOS单管动态比较器的电路结构。以浮栅MOS单管为核心,根据浮栅电荷的保持特性,在时钟控制下,两个电压分时地输入浮栅MOS管从而引起浮栅电位变化,相对变化后的浮栅电位决定着比较管的再通断,使预充电的输出电容与源极电容重新分配电荷,通过输出电容上电压是否发生变化来反映比较结果。单管比较避免差分对管由于工艺偏差所引起的输入失调问题,而且以浮栅偏置抵消MOS管的阈值。采用charted0.35μmCMOS工艺设计电路,面积约为0.003mm2,经前、后仿真和流片测试,结果表明,电路功能正确。并且在3.3V电源电压下、比较时间为0.4μs时,平均功耗为2.8mW。

气相电子衍射和SF_6分子中电荷的再分布

Independent atom model (IAM) is generaly used in gaseous electron diffraction (GED) experiment. This means that the effect of the charge redistribution in a molecule is neglected in general case in GED data analysis and the information of the effect could be taken from the residual intensity.In this work, various methods were suggested to calculate the elastic scattering factors for S, F atoms in SF6 molecule (modified IAM or MIAM) and the residual intensity of 40keV electrons scattered by the same molecule. Bonham-type parameter method was selected to acheive good agreement with experimental results and the charge redistribution was determined according to these parameters. Further comparison was made between different methods and their results.

单异质结有机薄膜电致器件发光过程的理论模型

在 Fowler-Nordheim方程的基础上 ,利用高斯定理对单异质结有机薄膜电致发光器件的发光过程进行理论分析和计算。计算结果表明在单异质结电致发光器件中 ,可降低器件的电流水平 。

一种12位电荷再分配逐次逼近型ADC设计与实现

模数转换器(ADC)是信号处理系统中的关键部件。电荷再分配逐次逼近型模数转换器(SAR ADC)由于其高性价比在中速、中高分辨率ADC中得到了广泛应用,然而对于传统的算法和结构,不足以实现高分辨率及低功耗的ADC。阐述了一种12位电荷再分配逐次逼近型ADC电路,采用级联的电容阵列实现电荷再分配逐次逼近型结构,比较器采用5级全差分放大器级联与锁存器组合结构,整体电路易于片上系统集成,通过TSMC 0.25μm CMOS工艺流片,实测结果显示ADC的INL值为±3LSB、DNL值为±1LSB,满足12位分辨率的性能要求。

放电后电荷重置对雷暴云电荷结构及闪电行为的影响

为探究放电后电荷重置对雷暴云电过程的影响,在已有的三维雷暴云起、放电模式中分别加入两种不同的电荷重置方案:一种是植入法即放电后闪电通道上的感应电荷与原空间电荷叠加(简称ZR方案);另一种是中和法即放电后直接按一定比例降低闪电通道处的空间电荷浓度(简称ZH方案)。利用长春一次探空个例进行敏感性试验,发现放电后重置方式的不同会导致闪电特征存在明显差异:1)ZR方案下的云闪发生率比ZH方案下的云闪发生率少。闪电放电后ZR方案在云中植入异极性电荷,对雷暴云中电荷的中和量比ZH方案多,摧毁云中电场的能力更强;2)ZR方案下的正、负地闪发生率均比ZH方案多。相对于ZH方案,ZR方案中主正电荷区的分布范围大于主负电荷区,导致其出现了更多的正地闪;ZR方案中的云顶屏蔽层与主正电荷区的混合程度高,混合时间长,导致ZR方案在主正电荷区与主负电荷区之间触发了更多的负地闪;3)ZR方案下的闪电通道长度比ZH方案下的闪电通道长度短。ZR方案在云中植入异极性电荷,导致云中难以形成大范围同极性电荷堆,闪电通道传播局限在一对较小的异极性电荷堆内,而ZH方案不改变云中电荷分布,存在大范围同极性电荷堆,闪电通道传播范围较大。

一种基于90nm工艺的10位电荷再分配型逐次逼近模数转换器IP

在比较了三种不同的分段式全电容D/A结构的基础上,介绍了一种10bit电荷再分配型逐次逼近A/D转换器IP的设计。该转换器采用UMC 90nm SP-RVT CMOS工艺。该转换器IP的特点是采用了一种利用边缘效应的边缘电容器来代替代价昂贵的PIP和MIM电容器,提高了该IP的工艺兼容性,降低了成本。后仿真结果显示,此A/D转换器在1Msam-ple/S的速度下,有效位数可达9.6bit,功耗仅为500μW。

一种适于大尺度复杂纳米体系材料模拟的半经验哈密顿方法

本文综述介绍了近来发展的一种具有可靠性、普适性和预测性的半经验哈密顿方法.该哈密顿在原子轨道的线性组合(LCAO)框架下同时引入了电荷自洽及环境因素(SCED),称之为SCED-LCAO哈密顿.由于SECD-LCAO哈密顿囊括了电荷自洽重组、电子屏蔽效应以及多体环境的影响,使得该方法可以更加准确地描述在复杂结构重组中化学键的成键与断键过程.其动力学计算可用于模拟大尺度复杂纳米体系的结构特性、电子性能以及复杂结构的重组过程.我们已经用此方法成功地解释了不同种类碳团簇纳米结构的相对稳定性和bucky-diamond结构碳团簇的热力学相变,揭示了碳管生长的初始机理,系统地研究了碳化硅纳米线的构型与能量之间的关系及其电子性能,发现了碳化硅笼状结构的特征,尤其是碳化硅笼状结构的动力学自动组装功能,并预示了bucky-diamond结构的碳化硅团簇存在的可能性.最近,该方法引入了与环境关联的轨道占据因素,并成功地运用到研究具有三价电子特性的多构硼元素体系中,准确地描述了硼元素的复杂化学成键特性、同类异性结构以及不同种类硼团簇纳米结构的相对稳定性.