Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and Al detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment...Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and Al detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of Al in the two investigated soils in the following order: citric > oxalic > malonic > malic > tartaric > salicylic > lactic > maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of Al increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-1, the dissolution of Al changed little with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L-1, the dissolution of Al increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of Al were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.展开更多
In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley ...In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.展开更多
为解决储能单元在工作过程中产生的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡问题,提出了一种基于指数型下垂控制的改进SOC均衡方案。该方案将指数型下垂控制中的放大因子n与储能单元间的SOC差值建立函数关系,使其能够跟随储能单元间的SOC...为解决储能单元在工作过程中产生的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡问题,提出了一种基于指数型下垂控制的改进SOC均衡方案。该方案将指数型下垂控制中的放大因子n与储能单元间的SOC差值建立函数关系,使其能够跟随储能单元间的SOC差值变化由小到大连续增大,提高了SOC的均衡速度,也解决了均衡过程中功率响应速度和功率收敛速度两者不可兼顾的问题,同时在下垂系数中引入容量权重因子,消除了容量对SOC均衡的影响。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了相关模型并仿真验证了所提方案的正确性和有效性。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40271062).
文摘Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and Al detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of Al in the two investigated soils in the following order: citric > oxalic > malonic > malic > tartaric > salicylic > lactic > maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of Al increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-1, the dissolution of Al changed little with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L-1, the dissolution of Al increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of Al were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of SGCC Research and development of key models for decision support of energy internet companies(NO.SGSDJY00GPJS1900057).
文摘In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.
文摘为解决储能单元在工作过程中产生的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡问题,提出了一种基于指数型下垂控制的改进SOC均衡方案。该方案将指数型下垂控制中的放大因子n与储能单元间的SOC差值建立函数关系,使其能够跟随储能单元间的SOC差值变化由小到大连续增大,提高了SOC的均衡速度,也解决了均衡过程中功率响应速度和功率收敛速度两者不可兼顾的问题,同时在下垂系数中引入容量权重因子,消除了容量对SOC均衡的影响。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了相关模型并仿真验证了所提方案的正确性和有效性。
