THE Chinese Government recently stated it wants 5 million electric and hybrid cars on the roads of China by 2020. At the moment this figure seems a long way away, but with gathering interest in the electric vehi- cle ...THE Chinese Government recently stated it wants 5 million electric and hybrid cars on the roads of China by 2020. At the moment this figure seems a long way away, but with gathering interest in the electric vehi- cle (EV) market, car makers such as Geely and Tesla are focusing on their technological and innovation facilities in order to gain a firm foothold in this growing market. EVs run on electricity only. They are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs, and have several advantages over vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs). EVs are extremely energy efficient and environmentally friendly as they emit no tailpipe (exhaust gas) pollutants,展开更多
The radiation fields generated when a charged particle is incident on or moving away from a perfectly conducting plane are obtained. These fields are known in the literature as transition radiation. The field equation...The radiation fields generated when a charged particle is incident on or moving away from a perfectly conducting plane are obtained. These fields are known in the literature as transition radiation. The field equations derived thus are used to evaluate the energy, momentum and the action associated with the radiation. The results show that for a charged particle moving with speed ν, the longitudinal momentum associated with the transition radiation is approximately equal to ΔU/c for values of ?1- ν/c smaller than about 10-3 where ΔU is the total radiated energy dissipated during the interaction and cis the speed of light in free space. The action of the radiation, defined as the product of the total energy dissipated and the duration of the emission, increases as 1- ν/c decreases and, for an electron, it becomes equal to h/4π when ν = c - νm where νm is the speed pertinent to the lowest possible momentum associated with a particle confined inside the universe and?h is the Planck constant. Combining these results with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, an expression that predicts the value of the elementary charge is derived.展开更多
With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have be...With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,展开更多
Charge is a fundamental physical property of matter that is responsible for its interactions with electromagnetic fields. The real nature and the essence of charge are unknown. In this paper, a new theory is presented...Charge is a fundamental physical property of matter that is responsible for its interactions with electromagnetic fields. The real nature and the essence of charge are unknown. In this paper, a new theory is presented to describe the nature and the essence of electric charge is formulated based on the vortex model of the electron which has a finite size and has an irrotational vortex structure. This theory and the vortex model of the electron enables us, for the first time, to describe the origin of bivalency, stability, quantization, equality of the absolute values of the bivalent charges, to derive a simple formulation to calculate the electric charge based on hydrodynamics without the use any constant. The difference between negative and positive charge, is revealed and the charged particles interactions are described. The electric charge is an expression of accelerated spherical mass per area reduced by the stiffness of the vacuum which has the units <i>ε</i><sub>0</sub> ML<sup>3</sup>/T<sup>2</sup>. The calculated results based on these equations comply accurately with the experimental results.展开更多
Water Vapor Chemistry" as a new science was discovered and established from trace analysis in Gu’s laboratory(Gu, 1991; Gu et al., 1991). Gu’s Function shows that the trace metal ion concentration in water vapo...Water Vapor Chemistry" as a new science was discovered and established from trace analysis in Gu’s laboratory(Gu, 1991; Gu et al., 1991). Gu’s Function shows that the trace metal ion concentration in water vapor has positive correlation to"specific electron affinity constant"last ionization potential Iz/ion valence Z and negative correlation to ion volume V and coordination number N(Gu, 1994). Gu’s Func-tion C=f[(Iz/Z)/VN]of the bond parameter in water vapor chemistry corresponds to the potential energy function Z’ e2/r in the Schrodinger Equation of quantum chemistry. In different ions with the same 2+ charge, the ion concentration of water-water vapor transfer may be much different. This shows that the 2+ charge of different ions has different attractive force (hydration force). This different attractive force of the charge can be scaled with the relative energy or charge size from Gu’s Function.展开更多
In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged flu...In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged fluid within it. The charge and electric field intensity are zero at the center and monotonically increasing towards the boundary of the fluid ball. Besides these, adiabatic index is also increasing towards the boundary and becomes infinite on it. All other physical quantities such as pressure, density, adiabatic speed of sound, charge density, adiabatic index are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Causality condition is obeyed at the center of ball. In the limiting case of vanishingly small charge, the solution degenerates into Schwarzchild uniform density solution for electrically neutral fluid. The solution joins smoothly to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution over the boundary. We have constructed a neutron star model by assuming the surface density . The mass of the neutron star comes with radius 14.574 km.展开更多
Designing tunable molecular devices with different charge carriers in single-molecule junctions is crucial to the nextgeneration electronic technology.Recently,it has been demonstrated that the type of charge carriers...Designing tunable molecular devices with different charge carriers in single-molecule junctions is crucial to the nextgeneration electronic technology.Recently,it has been demonstrated that the type of charge carriers depends on and can be tuned by controlling the molecular length and the number of interfacial covalent bonds.In this study,we show that the type of charge carriers can also be tuned by controlling the material and shape of electrodes.N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs)have attracted attention because of their ability to form strong,substitutional inert bonds in a variety of metals.Also,NHCs are more stable than the widely used thiol group.Therefore,we use electrodes to tune the type of charge carriers in a series of NHCs with different side groups.The ab initio calculations based on non-equilibrium Green’s formalism combined with density functional theory show that the dominant charge carrier switches from electrons to holes when gold electrodes are changed into platinum ones.The nature of the charge carriers can be identified by variations in the transport spectra at the Fermi level(EF),which are caused by the side groups.The projections of transport spectra onto the central molecules further validate our inferences.In addition,the transmission coefficient at EF is found to be dependent on the atomic interface structure.In particular,for the NHC without methyl or ethyl side groups,connecting a protruding atom on the electrode surface significantly enhances the transportability of both electrode materials.Overall,this study presents an effective approach to modifying transport properties,which has potential applications in designing functional molecular devices based on NHCs.展开更多
By briefing history and current situation of researches,designs and construction of children’s outdoor play areas in the United States and Japan,and legislative framework of children’s welfare in the United Nations ...By briefing history and current situation of researches,designs and construction of children’s outdoor play areas in the United States and Japan,and legislative framework of children’s welfare in the United Nations and developed countries,the relationship between sound relationship and Children’s outdoor play areas was elaborated.Suggestions were given for the development of childrens’outdoor spaces in China.展开更多
Questions and difficulties are presented pertaining to the quantitative characterization of the electric field in certain scenarios. Specific examples concerning electrolytes are explored. Newton’s third law is invok...Questions and difficulties are presented pertaining to the quantitative characterization of the electric field in certain scenarios. Specific examples concerning electrolytes are explored. Newton’s third law is invoked and the concept of mobile charge density is presented in relation to free charge density and bound charge density. The notion of mobile charge density is utilized to develop a theory and model for the electric field coupled with electrolytic properties and transport. Validations, simulations, and implications of the model are presented and discussed, including: is it possible to extend Maxwell’s equations to a more generalized form?展开更多
The resonant charge transfer process for Li+-Li(2s) collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling(QMOCC) method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling(AOCC) meth...The resonant charge transfer process for Li+-Li(2s) collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling(QMOCC) method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling(AOCC) method in an energy range of 1.0 e V/u-104e V/u. Accurate molecular structure data and charge transfer cross sections are given. Both the allelectron model(AEM) and one-electron model(OEM) are used in the QMOCC calculations, and the discrepancies between the two models are analyzed. The OEM calculation can also give a reliable prediction of the cross sections for energies below 1 ke V/u.展开更多
The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an in...The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.展开更多
The City Real-Estate Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Real-Estate Administration Law) was adopted at the Eighth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National...The City Real-Estate Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Real-Estate Administration Law) was adopted at the Eighth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress, and will come into force on January 1, 1995. For the public, especially overseas investors, to understand the law, the reporter had an interview with Mr. Hou Jie, Minister of Construction. Q: Real estate has been an展开更多
We have recently published a series of papers on a theory we call collision space-time, that seems to unify gravity and quantum mechanics. In this theory, mass and energy are redefined. We have not so far demonstrated...We have recently published a series of papers on a theory we call collision space-time, that seems to unify gravity and quantum mechanics. In this theory, mass and energy are redefined. We have not so far demonstrated how to make it compatible with electric properties such as charge and the Coulomb force. The aim of this paper is to show how electric properties can be reformulated to make it consistent with collision space-time. It is shown that we need to incorporate the Planck scale into the electric constants to do so. This is also fully possible from a practical point of view, as it has recently been shown how to measure the Planck length independent of other constants and without the need for dimensional analysis.展开更多
We know from Noether’s theorem that there is a conserved charge for every continuous symmetry. In General Relativity, Killing vectors describe the spacetime symmetries and to each such Killing vector field, we can as...We know from Noether’s theorem that there is a conserved charge for every continuous symmetry. In General Relativity, Killing vectors describe the spacetime symmetries and to each such Killing vector field, we can associate conserved charge through stress-energy tensor of matter which is mentioned in the article. In this article, I show that under simple set of canonical transformation of most general class of Bogoliubov transformation between creation, annihilation operators, those charges associated with spacetime symmetries are broken. To do that, I look at stress-energy tensor of real scalar field theory (as an example) in curved spacetime and show how it changes under simple canonical transformation which is enough to justify our claim. Since doing Bogoliubov transformation is equivalent to coordinate transformation which according to Einstein’s equivalence principle is equivalent to turn on effect of gravity, therefore, we can say that under the effect of gravity those charges are broken.展开更多
This paper describes a mathematical proof that Gauss’s Law for Magnetism can be derived from the Law of Universal Magnetism [1]. A second reciprocal proof also shows that the Law of Universal Magnetism can be derived...This paper describes a mathematical proof that Gauss’s Law for Magnetism can be derived from the Law of Universal Magnetism [1]. A second reciprocal proof also shows that the Law of Universal Magnetism can be derived from Gauss’s Law for Magnetism. These two complimentary proofs confirm that the Law of Universal Magnetism is a valid equation rooted in Gaussian law. The paper also confirms the theoretical existence of the magnetic monopole and calculates its magnetic charge using the ratio of the electromagnetic field and the speed of light. Using the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron, the mass and radius of the magnetic monopole are determined. The monopole is found to have the same radius as the electron and can also be found in the electromagnetic spectrum range known as gamma rays. Lightning is a natural source of gamma rays and could prove fruitful in the search for monopoles.展开更多
With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-+, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changi...With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-+, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.展开更多
文摘THE Chinese Government recently stated it wants 5 million electric and hybrid cars on the roads of China by 2020. At the moment this figure seems a long way away, but with gathering interest in the electric vehi- cle (EV) market, car makers such as Geely and Tesla are focusing on their technological and innovation facilities in order to gain a firm foothold in this growing market. EVs run on electricity only. They are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs, and have several advantages over vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs). EVs are extremely energy efficient and environmentally friendly as they emit no tailpipe (exhaust gas) pollutants,
文摘The radiation fields generated when a charged particle is incident on or moving away from a perfectly conducting plane are obtained. These fields are known in the literature as transition radiation. The field equations derived thus are used to evaluate the energy, momentum and the action associated with the radiation. The results show that for a charged particle moving with speed ν, the longitudinal momentum associated with the transition radiation is approximately equal to ΔU/c for values of ?1- ν/c smaller than about 10-3 where ΔU is the total radiated energy dissipated during the interaction and cis the speed of light in free space. The action of the radiation, defined as the product of the total energy dissipated and the duration of the emission, increases as 1- ν/c decreases and, for an electron, it becomes equal to h/4π when ν = c - νm where νm is the speed pertinent to the lowest possible momentum associated with a particle confined inside the universe and?h is the Planck constant. Combining these results with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, an expression that predicts the value of the elementary charge is derived.
文摘With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,
文摘Charge is a fundamental physical property of matter that is responsible for its interactions with electromagnetic fields. The real nature and the essence of charge are unknown. In this paper, a new theory is presented to describe the nature and the essence of electric charge is formulated based on the vortex model of the electron which has a finite size and has an irrotational vortex structure. This theory and the vortex model of the electron enables us, for the first time, to describe the origin of bivalency, stability, quantization, equality of the absolute values of the bivalent charges, to derive a simple formulation to calculate the electric charge based on hydrodynamics without the use any constant. The difference between negative and positive charge, is revealed and the charged particles interactions are described. The electric charge is an expression of accelerated spherical mass per area reduced by the stiffness of the vacuum which has the units <i>ε</i><sub>0</sub> ML<sup>3</sup>/T<sup>2</sup>. The calculated results based on these equations comply accurately with the experimental results.
文摘Water Vapor Chemistry" as a new science was discovered and established from trace analysis in Gu’s laboratory(Gu, 1991; Gu et al., 1991). Gu’s Function shows that the trace metal ion concentration in water vapor has positive correlation to"specific electron affinity constant"last ionization potential Iz/ion valence Z and negative correlation to ion volume V and coordination number N(Gu, 1994). Gu’s Func-tion C=f[(Iz/Z)/VN]of the bond parameter in water vapor chemistry corresponds to the potential energy function Z’ e2/r in the Schrodinger Equation of quantum chemistry. In different ions with the same 2+ charge, the ion concentration of water-water vapor transfer may be much different. This shows that the 2+ charge of different ions has different attractive force (hydration force). This different attractive force of the charge can be scaled with the relative energy or charge size from Gu’s Function.
文摘In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged fluid within it. The charge and electric field intensity are zero at the center and monotonically increasing towards the boundary of the fluid ball. Besides these, adiabatic index is also increasing towards the boundary and becomes infinite on it. All other physical quantities such as pressure, density, adiabatic speed of sound, charge density, adiabatic index are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Causality condition is obeyed at the center of ball. In the limiting case of vanishingly small charge, the solution degenerates into Schwarzchild uniform density solution for electrically neutral fluid. The solution joins smoothly to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution over the boundary. We have constructed a neutron star model by assuming the surface density . The mass of the neutron star comes with radius 14.574 km.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11874242 and 21933002)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2019PA022).
文摘Designing tunable molecular devices with different charge carriers in single-molecule junctions is crucial to the nextgeneration electronic technology.Recently,it has been demonstrated that the type of charge carriers depends on and can be tuned by controlling the molecular length and the number of interfacial covalent bonds.In this study,we show that the type of charge carriers can also be tuned by controlling the material and shape of electrodes.N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs)have attracted attention because of their ability to form strong,substitutional inert bonds in a variety of metals.Also,NHCs are more stable than the widely used thiol group.Therefore,we use electrodes to tune the type of charge carriers in a series of NHCs with different side groups.The ab initio calculations based on non-equilibrium Green’s formalism combined with density functional theory show that the dominant charge carrier switches from electrons to holes when gold electrodes are changed into platinum ones.The nature of the charge carriers can be identified by variations in the transport spectra at the Fermi level(EF),which are caused by the side groups.The projections of transport spectra onto the central molecules further validate our inferences.In addition,the transmission coefficient at EF is found to be dependent on the atomic interface structure.In particular,for the NHC without methyl or ethyl side groups,connecting a protruding atom on the electrode surface significantly enhances the transportability of both electrode materials.Overall,this study presents an effective approach to modifying transport properties,which has potential applications in designing functional molecular devices based on NHCs.
文摘By briefing history and current situation of researches,designs and construction of children’s outdoor play areas in the United States and Japan,and legislative framework of children’s welfare in the United Nations and developed countries,the relationship between sound relationship and Children’s outdoor play areas was elaborated.Suggestions were given for the development of childrens’outdoor spaces in China.
文摘Questions and difficulties are presented pertaining to the quantitative characterization of the electric field in certain scenarios. Specific examples concerning electrolytes are explored. Newton’s third law is invoked and the concept of mobile charge density is presented in relation to free charge density and bound charge density. The notion of mobile charge density is utilized to develop a theory and model for the electric field coupled with electrolytic properties and transport. Validations, simulations, and implications of the model are presented and discussed, including: is it possible to extend Maxwell’s equations to a more generalized form?
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11179041,11474032,and 11474033)the NSAF(Grant No.U1330117)
文摘The resonant charge transfer process for Li+-Li(2s) collision is investigated by the quantum-mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling(QMOCC) method and the two-center atomic-orbital close-coupling(AOCC) method in an energy range of 1.0 e V/u-104e V/u. Accurate molecular structure data and charge transfer cross sections are given. Both the allelectron model(AEM) and one-electron model(OEM) are used in the QMOCC calculations, and the discrepancies between the two models are analyzed. The OEM calculation can also give a reliable prediction of the cross sections for energies below 1 ke V/u.
文摘The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.
文摘The City Real-Estate Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Real-Estate Administration Law) was adopted at the Eighth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress, and will come into force on January 1, 1995. For the public, especially overseas investors, to understand the law, the reporter had an interview with Mr. Hou Jie, Minister of Construction. Q: Real estate has been an
文摘We have recently published a series of papers on a theory we call collision space-time, that seems to unify gravity and quantum mechanics. In this theory, mass and energy are redefined. We have not so far demonstrated how to make it compatible with electric properties such as charge and the Coulomb force. The aim of this paper is to show how electric properties can be reformulated to make it consistent with collision space-time. It is shown that we need to incorporate the Planck scale into the electric constants to do so. This is also fully possible from a practical point of view, as it has recently been shown how to measure the Planck length independent of other constants and without the need for dimensional analysis.
文摘We know from Noether’s theorem that there is a conserved charge for every continuous symmetry. In General Relativity, Killing vectors describe the spacetime symmetries and to each such Killing vector field, we can associate conserved charge through stress-energy tensor of matter which is mentioned in the article. In this article, I show that under simple set of canonical transformation of most general class of Bogoliubov transformation between creation, annihilation operators, those charges associated with spacetime symmetries are broken. To do that, I look at stress-energy tensor of real scalar field theory (as an example) in curved spacetime and show how it changes under simple canonical transformation which is enough to justify our claim. Since doing Bogoliubov transformation is equivalent to coordinate transformation which according to Einstein’s equivalence principle is equivalent to turn on effect of gravity, therefore, we can say that under the effect of gravity those charges are broken.
文摘This paper describes a mathematical proof that Gauss’s Law for Magnetism can be derived from the Law of Universal Magnetism [1]. A second reciprocal proof also shows that the Law of Universal Magnetism can be derived from Gauss’s Law for Magnetism. These two complimentary proofs confirm that the Law of Universal Magnetism is a valid equation rooted in Gaussian law. The paper also confirms the theoretical existence of the magnetic monopole and calculates its magnetic charge using the ratio of the electromagnetic field and the speed of light. Using the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron, the mass and radius of the magnetic monopole are determined. The monopole is found to have the same radius as the electron and can also be found in the electromagnetic spectrum range known as gamma rays. Lightning is a natural source of gamma rays and could prove fruitful in the search for monopoles.
文摘With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-+, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.