Selection of Machining Datum and Allocation of Tolerance through Tolerance Charting Technique

Tolerance charting is an effective tool to determine the optimal allocation of working dimensions and working tolerances such that the blueprint dimensions and tolerances can be achieved to accomplish the cost objectives.The selection of machining datum and allocation of tolerances are critical in any machining process planning as they directly affect any setup methods/machine tools selection and machining time.This paper mainly focuses on the selection of optimum machining datums and machining tolerances simultaneously in process planning.A dynamic tolerance charting constraint scheme is developed and implemented in the optimization procedure.An optimization model is formulated for selecting machining datum and tolerances and implemented with an algorithm namely Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm（NSGA-II）.The computational results indicate that the proposed methodology is capable and robust in finding the optimal machining datum set and tolerances.

基于Maritime Charting的内河电子航道图制作优化研究与应用

本文结合内河电子航道图生产实践,通过分析现有电子航道图生产中存在的诸如人工参与过多、使用软件繁多和生产工序复杂等缺点,总结得出一套全新的电子航道图制作流程和方法。该方法主要包括GDB模板制作、建立满足S-57的物标对应关系等关键技术,涵盖了从数据采集到S-57标准海图文件生成的完整流程,整个过程均在ArcGIS软件中进行,避免了频繁切换应用软件的问题。作者以信阳市南湾水库为研究对象,使用基于Maritime Charting的内河电子航道图制作方法,成功生产出南湾水库电子航道图,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。

Charting a New Path

THE Communist Party of China （CPC） set the blueprint for rule of law in the world＇s second-largest economy during a recent key meeting, which also high- lighted the Party leadership and the overarching role of the Constitution in the country＇s legal system. According to a communique issued after the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, held in Beijing from October 20 to 23, the overall target of the CPC＇s current drive is to build a country with socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.

Charting the Way Forward China’s lianghui mapped out a promising blueprint for the country’s future development

The lianghui, or the annual Two Sessions of the National People＇s Congress （NPC） and the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC） National Committee, are always a great political event in China, but more so this year, with groundbreaking outcomes.

On the Charting Procedures: MEWMA Chart and DD-Diagram

In light of rapid development of customer requirements, control procedures of quality concept use multivariate analysis. This is because of recent advances in information technology and in recording. The charting procedures are based on Mahalanobis distance but their performance needs normality and a type-I error rate choice. The DD-diagram is an alternative scheme that uses data depth to avoid these conditions rarely met in practice. For a given error-free sample, the performance of DD-diagram and that of multivariate EWMA control procedures are compared through a real example on individual observations taken from a multivariate quality process.

Charting Normative Brain Variability Across the Human Lifespan

Introduction Since De Montbeillard characterized the first curve of his son's height in the late 18th century,growth charts have become increasingly essential for pediatricians to describe group-level variability and monitor the over-development of individual-level growth[1].Growth charts can provide a standardized statistical reference to estimate deviations in a child's physiological measurements(e.g.,height and weight).

基于实际预压载作业的自升式平台环境载荷图谱绘制新思路

The environmental load chart is an important technical support required for the jack-up drilling platform to facilitate its adaptation to different operating waters and ensure the safety of operation.This chart is a crucial part of the platform operation manual.The chart data are closely related to external factors such as water depth,wind,wave,and current conditions of the working water,as well as to the structural characteristics of the platform itself and the number of variable loads.This study examines the platform state under extreme wind,wave,and current conditions during preloading.In addition,this study focuses on the difference between the ultimate reaction force of the pile leg during preloading and the reaction force of the pile leg without considering any environmental load before preloading.Furthermore,the relationship between the difference and the new reaction force of the pile leg caused by the combination of different environmental conditions is established to facilitate the construction of a new form of environmental load chart.The newly formed chart is flexible and simple;thus,it can be used to evaluate the environmental adaptability of the platform in the target well location and provides the preloading target demand or variable load limit according to the given environmental constraints.Moreover,the platform can perform personalized preloading operations,thereby improving its capability to cope with complex geological conditions,such as reducing punch-through risks.This condition reduces the load on jacking system devices and increases its service life.

Slope stability of reclaimed coal mines through a new water filling index

A common reclamation practice for closed coal surface mines is filling them with water to form pit lakes.The creation and sustainability of these lakes are significantly affected by the stability of the corresponding slopes.The present study provides a general framework for analyzing the water filling’s effect on slope stability based on a new water filling index,which can indirectly consider the factors affecting the process and efficiently quantify the filling speed’s influence.The assumptions of the proposed approach are thoroughly discussed,and the range of the water filling index is identified.Furthermore,the safety factor is calculated using the finite element method with the shear strength reduction technique during the filling process for various conditions(soil properties,slope geometry,hydraulic conditions,and water filling speed).Results are presented as normalized stability charts for practical use.During the water filling,the stability gradually decreases until the reservoir reaches a critical level of 10%e40%of the total height;it then increases to even more stable conditions than the initial one.Overall,the present analysis allows for the preliminary stability evaluation of a coal mine during the formation of a pit lake and the appropriate quantification of the water filling’s effect.

Clinical usefulness of the baby vision test in young children and its correlation with the Snellen chart

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.

Modified DS np Chart Using Generalized Multiple Dependent State Sampling under Time Truncated Life Test

This study presents the design of a modified attributed control chart based on a double sampling(DS)np chart applied in combination with generalized multiple dependent state(GMDS)sampling to monitor the mean life of the product based on the time truncated life test employing theWeibull distribution.The control chart developed supports the examination of the mean lifespan variation for a particular product in the process of manufacturing.Three control limit levels are used:the warning control limit,inner control limit,and outer control limit.Together,they enhance the capability for variation detection.A genetic algorithm can be used for optimization during the in-control process,whereby the optimal parameters can be established for the proposed control chart.The control chart performance is assessed using the average run length,while the influence of the model parameters upon the control chart solution is assessed via sensitivity analysis based on an orthogonal experimental design withmultiple linear regression.A comparative study was conducted based on the out-of-control average run length,in which the developed control chart offered greater sensitivity in the detection of process shifts while making use of smaller samples on average than is the case for existing control charts.Finally,to exhibit the utility of the developed control chart,this paper presents its application using simulated data with parameters drawn from the real set of data.

Characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China

Exploration and development of large gas fields is an important way for a country to rapidly develop its natural gas industry.From 1991 to 2020,China discovered 68 new large gas fields,boosting its annual gas output to 1925×108m3in 2020,making it the fourth largest gas-producing country in the world.Based on 1696 molecular components and carbon isotopic composition data of alkane gas in 70 large gas fields in China,the characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China were obtained.The lightest and average values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become heavier with increasing carbon number,while the heaviest values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become lighter with increasing carbon number.Theδ^(13)C_(1)values of large gas fields in China range from-71.2‰to-11.4‰(specifically,from-71.2‰to-56.4‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-18.9‰for coal-derived gas,and from-35.6‰to-11.4‰for abiogenic gas).Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of large gas fields in China was plotted.Moreover,theδ^(13)C_(1)values of natural gas in China range from-107.1‰to-8.9‰,specifically,from-1071%o to-55.1‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-13.3‰for coal-derived gas,and from-36.2‰to-8.9‰for abiogenic gas.Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of natural gas in China was plotted.

Analysis of Maximum Liquid Carrying Capacity Based on Conventional Tubing Plunger Gas Lift

China’s unconventional gas fields have a large number of low-productivity and low-efficiency wells, many of whichare located in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. To address the long-term stable productionof these gas wells, plunger-lift technology plays an important role. In order to fully understand and accurately graspthe drainage and gas production mechanisms of plunger-lift, a mechanical model of plunger-liquid column uplift inthe plunger-lift process was established, focusing on conventional plunger-lift systems and representative wellboreconfigurations in the Linxing region. The operating casing pressure of the plunger-lift process and the calculationmethod for the maximum daily fluid production rate based on the work regime with the highest fluid recovery ratewere determined. For the first time, the critical flow rate method was proposed as a constraint for the maximumliquid-carrying capacity of the plunger-lift, and liquid-carrying capacity charts for conventional plunger-lift withdifferent casing sizes were developed. The results showed that for 23/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 808 m, the maximum drainage rate was 33 m3/d;for 27/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 742 m, the maximum drainage rate was 50.15 m3/d;for 31/2 casing plunger-lift, with a well depthof shallower than 560 m, the maximum drainage rate was 75.14 m3/d. This research provides a foundation for thescientific selection of plunger-lift technology and serves as a decision-making reference for developing reasonableplunger-lift work regimes.

Exploring Variability in Sea Level at a Tide Gauge Station through Control Charts

Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.

Japanese candlestick charts for diabetes

Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)is a popular technology among the diabetic population,especially in patients with type 1 diabetes and those with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.The American Diabetes Association recommends standardization of CGM reports with visual cues,such as the ambulatory glucose profile.Nevertheless,interpreting this report requires training and time for CGM to be cost-efficient.In this work it has been proposed to incorporate Japanese candlestick charts in glucose monitoring.These graphs are used in price analysis in financial markets and are easier to view.Each candle provides extra information to make prudent decisions since it reports the opening,maximum,minimum and closing glucose levels of the chosen time frame,usually the daily one.The Japanese candlestick chart is an interesting tool to be considered in glucose control.This graphic representation allows identification of glucose trends easily through the colors of the candles and maximum and minimum glucose values.

CHARTING CHINA’S NEW COURSE

China’s development plan is expected to highlight new priorities rather than high growth rates China aims to achieve"major breakthroughs"in economic restructuring and will take reform as"a powerful driving force" to accelerate the transformation of its economic development pattern.The Central Committee of the Communist Party

Charting Population Shifts

China’s once-in-a-decade census will release information essential for making strategic policies China is updating its demographic information through its once-in-a-decade population census. The

Charting China’s Diplomatic Role

On March 7, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi spoke to Chinese and foreign media at a press conference at the Fourth Session of the 11th National People’s Congress. Edited highlights follow:

CHARTING A NEW ROUTE TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL STANDARDS: BRINGING THE CLASS TO LIFE

Introduction In this article we discuss making use of applied linguistic theory, as the means of achieving national standards at tertiary level. We contest that methods now widely in use at colleges and universities are insufficient to reach modern nationwide targets. We suggest modifications in teaching approach and present ideas for supplementing and enlivening existing materials or replacing them. Much of the article is drawn from our converging experiences both as a Chinese university teacher of English from one aspect and as an English EFL specialist from another. We speak jointly from the ’chalkface’ and wish to share our views and be provoked into seeking solutions to the new challenges for Chinese EFL inherent in targets set by the national standards.

Charting brain growth in tandem with brain templates at school age

Brain growth charts and age-normed brain templates are essential resources for researchers to eventually contribute to the care of individuals with atypical developmental trajectories.The present work generates age-normed brain templates for children and adolescents at one-year intervals and the corresponding growth charts to investigate the influences of age and ethnicity using a common pediatric neuroimaging protocol.Two accelerated longitudinal cohorts with the identical experimental design were implemented in the United States and China.Anatomical magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of typically developing school-age children(TDC)was obtained up to three times at nominal intervals of1.25 years.The protocol generated and compared population-and age-specific brain templates and growth charts,respectively.A total of 674 Chinese pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 457 Chinese TDC and 190 American pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 133 American TDC.Population-and age-specific brain templates were used to quantify warp cost,the differences between individual brains and brain templates.Volumetric growth charts for labeled brain network areas were generated.Shape analyses of cost functions supported the necessity of age-specific and ethnicitymatched brain templates,which was confirmed by growth chart analyses.These analyses revealed volumetric growth differences between the two ethnicities primarily in lateral frontal and parietal areas,regions which are most variable across individuals in regard to their structure and function.Age-and ethnicity-specific brain templates facilitate establishing unbiased pediatric brain growth charts,indicating the necessity of the brain charts and brain templates generated in tandem.These templates and growth charts as well as related codes have been made freely available to the public for open neuroscience(https://github.com/zuoxinian/CCS/tree/master/H3/Growth Charts).

An Overview of Narrative Medicine in China

This paper sketches the history and the author’s involvement in the development of narrative medicine in China.It also describes“narrative medicine with Chinese characteristics,”explaining why narrative medicine is regarded as a tool to materialize the medical humanities in clinical practice,and detailing the features of narrative medicine in China.The features include the wide acceptance of the“22334 model”of narrative medicine,and borrowing theories and practice from Traditional Chinese Medicine.Finally,the author argues that the medical humanities should be given a“Class-A discipline”status,and narrative medicine should be a class-B discipline under the medical humanities.