Proper waste management models using recent technologies like computer vision,machine learning(ML),and deep learning(DL)are needed to effectively handle the massive quantity of increasing waste.Therefore,waste classif...Proper waste management models using recent technologies like computer vision,machine learning(ML),and deep learning(DL)are needed to effectively handle the massive quantity of increasing waste.Therefore,waste classification becomes a crucial topic which helps to categorize waste into hazardous or non-hazardous ones and thereby assist in the decision making of the waste management process.This study concentrates on the design of hazardous waste detection and classification using ensemble learning(HWDC-EL)technique to reduce toxicity and improve human health.The goal of the HWDC-EL technique is to detect the multiple classes of wastes,particularly hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.The HWDC-EL technique involves the ensemble of three feature extractors using Model Averaging technique namely discrete local binary patterns(DLBP),EfficientNet,and DenseNet121.In addition,the flower pollination algorithm(FPA)based hyperparameter optimizers are used to optimally adjust the parameters involved in the EfficientNet and DenseNet121 models.Moreover,a weighted voting-based ensemble classifier is derived using three machine learning algorithms namely support vector machine(SVM),extreme learning machine(ELM),and gradient boosting tree(GBT).The performance of the HWDC-EL technique is tested using a benchmark Garbage dataset and it obtains a maximum accuracy of 98.85%.展开更多
Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollu...Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies:by pollutant type,it falls into organic pollution emergencies and inorganic pollution emergencies;by the approach of entering agricultural environment,it falls into water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies and non-water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies.Hazards of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies are analyzed from 4 perspectives:personal security,indirect loss,ecological environment and social stability.In view of the hazards,countermeasures are given to deal with the pollution emergencies as(i)establishing a risk evaluation mechanism for agricultural environment;(ii)enhancing the capacity of handling agricultural environmental pollution emergencies;(iii)introducing new management concepts for environmental emergencies,and cultivating keen emergency management consciousness.展开更多
Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, g...Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, gravity and tectonism, respectively. Integrated analyses indicate that the geological hazards associated with volcanoes, earthquakes and fractures are mainly distributed in tectonically active regions, whereas those resulting from mudflows, landslides and diapirs are usually concentrated in the region of slope, that shallow gas, high pressure gas pockets and soft intercalations are major potential geological hazards in the inner shelf, and that strong hydraulic dynamics, especially storm tide, is one of the major causes of geological hazards in the littoral areas. The geological hazards that occurred in the South China Sea are also characterized by periodicity, succession and, to a certain extent, unpredictability in addition to regionalization.展开更多
This paper mainly deals with the present situation, characteristics, and countermeasures of cooling in deep mines.Given existing problems in coal mines, a HEMS cooling technology is proposed and has been successfully ...This paper mainly deals with the present situation, characteristics, and countermeasures of cooling in deep mines.Given existing problems in coal mines, a HEMS cooling technology is proposed and has been successfully applied in some mines.Because of long-term exploitation, shallow buried coal seams have become exhausted and most coal mines have had to exploit deep buried coal seams.With the increase in mining depth, the temperature of the surrounding rock also increases, resulting in ever increasing risks of heat hazard during mining operations.At present, coal mines in China can be divided into three groups, i.e., normal temperature mines, middle-to-high temperature mines and high temperature mines, based on our investigation into high temperature coal mines in four provinces and on in-situ studies of several typical mines.The principle of HEMS is to extract cold energy from mine water inrush.Based on the characteristics of strata temperature field and on differences in the amounts of mine water inrush in the Xuzhou mining area, we proposed three models for controlling heat hazard in deep mines:1) the Jiahe model with a moderate source of cold energy;2) the Sanhejian model with a shortage of source of cold energy and a geothermal anomaly and 3) the Zhangshuanglou model with plenty of source of cold energy.The cooling process of HEMS applied in deep coal mine are as follows:1) extract cold energy from mine water inrush to cool working faces;2) use the heat extracted by HEMS to supply heat to buildings and bath water to replace the use of a boiler, a useful energy saving and environmental protection measure.HEMS has been applied in the Jiahe and Sanhejian coal mines in Xuzhou, which enabled the temperature and humidity at the working faces to be well controlled.展开更多
The‘twin cities’district of Rawalpindi–Islamabad is among the most endangered seismic regions in Pakistan,with the seismic hazard assessed(0.32 g)to intensity IX MMI for a 475-year return period.A seismic hazard ma...The‘twin cities’district of Rawalpindi–Islamabad is among the most endangered seismic regions in Pakistan,with the seismic hazard assessed(0.32 g)to intensity IX MMI for a 475-year return period.A seismic hazard map for Rawalpindi–Islamabad is presented herein,based on 85 shear-wave velocity(VS)profiles obtained through geophysical H/V measurements and from the geological map of the region.Relationships between the average top thirty-meter shear-wave velocities(VS30)and surficial geological units have been determined.The peak ground acceleration(PGA)maps for 150,475 and 2475-year return periods were converted into a seismic intensity map.Intensity increments for different soils were used to compute PGA values for 150,475 and 2475-year return periods.Sites located on softer ground experienced a higher degree of damage from moderate earthquakes.Due to the presence of soft clay or liquefiable soil and lateral spreading,a few locations may be classified as hybrid sites class C and D.This map is a critical step in facilitating code-based site classification and seismic design throughout Rawalpindi–Islamabad.Although the seismic hazard map based on seismic intensities is no longer used in engineering geology,it is still important in seismological analysis and for civil protection purposes.展开更多
为提升水产品危害分析及关键控制点(Hazard analysis and critical control points,HACCP)体系国家标准在保障质量溯源方面的数据可信、可读,以国家标准中的巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划为例,结合语义建模和区块链技术,提出了巴氏杀菌蟹肉增强...为提升水产品危害分析及关键控制点(Hazard analysis and critical control points,HACCP)体系国家标准在保障质量溯源方面的数据可信、可读,以国家标准中的巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划为例,结合语义建模和区块链技术,提出了巴氏杀菌蟹肉增强HACCP计划可信可视溯源模型(Enhanced HACCP credibility and visualization traceability model,EHCVTM)。该模型结合国家标准对巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划进行语义理解,构建巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划质量安全数据体系(HACCP quality and safety data system,HQSDS)并设计知识表示。为所得的增强HACCP计划的执行数据设计合理的数据存储结构、智能合约,实现“有风险上链,无风险自治”、“高风险直接上链,低风险加密上链”的数据分级存储管理模式。然后借助图数据库实现不同需求的可视化展示。最终实现了基于EHCVTM的HACCP质量溯源应用原型并进行测试。结果表明,基于此模型的应用保障了质量溯源风险数据的可信度,提高了数据反馈时的可读性,增强了质量溯源平台预警能力,使企业内部完成精细化监控,企业外部多方监督,质量安全风险公开,安全责任定位精确。且基于区块链的系统吞吐量达到300笔/s,可基本满足溯源系统的业务需求。该研究为基于HACCP国家标准的水产品质量安全风险监控可信可视溯源提供了新思路。展开更多
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work underGrant Number(RGP 2/209/42)PrincessNourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2022R136)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4210118DSR27).
文摘Proper waste management models using recent technologies like computer vision,machine learning(ML),and deep learning(DL)are needed to effectively handle the massive quantity of increasing waste.Therefore,waste classification becomes a crucial topic which helps to categorize waste into hazardous or non-hazardous ones and thereby assist in the decision making of the waste management process.This study concentrates on the design of hazardous waste detection and classification using ensemble learning(HWDC-EL)technique to reduce toxicity and improve human health.The goal of the HWDC-EL technique is to detect the multiple classes of wastes,particularly hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.The HWDC-EL technique involves the ensemble of three feature extractors using Model Averaging technique namely discrete local binary patterns(DLBP),EfficientNet,and DenseNet121.In addition,the flower pollination algorithm(FPA)based hyperparameter optimizers are used to optimally adjust the parameters involved in the EfficientNet and DenseNet121 models.Moreover,a weighted voting-based ensemble classifier is derived using three machine learning algorithms namely support vector machine(SVM),extreme learning machine(ELM),and gradient boosting tree(GBT).The performance of the HWDC-EL technique is tested using a benchmark Garbage dataset and it obtains a maximum accuracy of 98.85%.
基金Supported by Humanities and Social Science Fund of Henan Provincial Department of Education(2013-QN-027)Doctoral Fund of Henan Polytechnic University(B2012-008)
文摘Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies:by pollutant type,it falls into organic pollution emergencies and inorganic pollution emergencies;by the approach of entering agricultural environment,it falls into water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies and non-water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies.Hazards of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies are analyzed from 4 perspectives:personal security,indirect loss,ecological environment and social stability.In view of the hazards,countermeasures are given to deal with the pollution emergencies as(i)establishing a risk evaluation mechanism for agricultural environment;(ii)enhancing the capacity of handling agricultural environmental pollution emergencies;(iii)introducing new management concepts for environmental emergencies,and cultivating keen emergency management consciousness.
文摘Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, gravity and tectonism, respectively. Integrated analyses indicate that the geological hazards associated with volcanoes, earthquakes and fractures are mainly distributed in tectonically active regions, whereas those resulting from mudflows, landslides and diapirs are usually concentrated in the region of slope, that shallow gas, high pressure gas pockets and soft intercalations are major potential geological hazards in the inner shelf, and that strong hydraulic dynamics, especially storm tide, is one of the major causes of geological hazards in the littoral areas. The geological hazards that occurred in the South China Sea are also characterized by periodicity, succession and, to a certain extent, unpredictability in addition to regionalization.
基金Project 2006CB202200 supported by the National Basic Research Program of Chinathe National Major Project of Ministry of Education (304005)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (NoIRT0656)
文摘This paper mainly deals with the present situation, characteristics, and countermeasures of cooling in deep mines.Given existing problems in coal mines, a HEMS cooling technology is proposed and has been successfully applied in some mines.Because of long-term exploitation, shallow buried coal seams have become exhausted and most coal mines have had to exploit deep buried coal seams.With the increase in mining depth, the temperature of the surrounding rock also increases, resulting in ever increasing risks of heat hazard during mining operations.At present, coal mines in China can be divided into three groups, i.e., normal temperature mines, middle-to-high temperature mines and high temperature mines, based on our investigation into high temperature coal mines in four provinces and on in-situ studies of several typical mines.The principle of HEMS is to extract cold energy from mine water inrush.Based on the characteristics of strata temperature field and on differences in the amounts of mine water inrush in the Xuzhou mining area, we proposed three models for controlling heat hazard in deep mines:1) the Jiahe model with a moderate source of cold energy;2) the Sanhejian model with a shortage of source of cold energy and a geothermal anomaly and 3) the Zhangshuanglou model with plenty of source of cold energy.The cooling process of HEMS applied in deep coal mine are as follows:1) extract cold energy from mine water inrush to cool working faces;2) use the heat extracted by HEMS to supply heat to buildings and bath water to replace the use of a boiler, a useful energy saving and environmental protection measure.HEMS has been applied in the Jiahe and Sanhejian coal mines in Xuzhou, which enabled the temperature and humidity at the working faces to be well controlled.
文摘The‘twin cities’district of Rawalpindi–Islamabad is among the most endangered seismic regions in Pakistan,with the seismic hazard assessed(0.32 g)to intensity IX MMI for a 475-year return period.A seismic hazard map for Rawalpindi–Islamabad is presented herein,based on 85 shear-wave velocity(VS)profiles obtained through geophysical H/V measurements and from the geological map of the region.Relationships between the average top thirty-meter shear-wave velocities(VS30)and surficial geological units have been determined.The peak ground acceleration(PGA)maps for 150,475 and 2475-year return periods were converted into a seismic intensity map.Intensity increments for different soils were used to compute PGA values for 150,475 and 2475-year return periods.Sites located on softer ground experienced a higher degree of damage from moderate earthquakes.Due to the presence of soft clay or liquefiable soil and lateral spreading,a few locations may be classified as hybrid sites class C and D.This map is a critical step in facilitating code-based site classification and seismic design throughout Rawalpindi–Islamabad.Although the seismic hazard map based on seismic intensities is no longer used in engineering geology,it is still important in seismological analysis and for civil protection purposes.
文摘为提升水产品危害分析及关键控制点(Hazard analysis and critical control points,HACCP)体系国家标准在保障质量溯源方面的数据可信、可读,以国家标准中的巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划为例,结合语义建模和区块链技术,提出了巴氏杀菌蟹肉增强HACCP计划可信可视溯源模型(Enhanced HACCP credibility and visualization traceability model,EHCVTM)。该模型结合国家标准对巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划进行语义理解,构建巴氏杀菌蟹肉HACCP计划质量安全数据体系(HACCP quality and safety data system,HQSDS)并设计知识表示。为所得的增强HACCP计划的执行数据设计合理的数据存储结构、智能合约,实现“有风险上链,无风险自治”、“高风险直接上链,低风险加密上链”的数据分级存储管理模式。然后借助图数据库实现不同需求的可视化展示。最终实现了基于EHCVTM的HACCP质量溯源应用原型并进行测试。结果表明,基于此模型的应用保障了质量溯源风险数据的可信度,提高了数据反馈时的可读性,增强了质量溯源平台预警能力,使企业内部完成精细化监控,企业外部多方监督,质量安全风险公开,安全责任定位精确。且基于区块链的系统吞吐量达到300笔/s,可基本满足溯源系统的业务需求。该研究为基于HACCP国家标准的水产品质量安全风险监控可信可视溯源提供了新思路。
