Separation and Identification of Flavonoids from Fistular Onion Stalk(Allium fisturosum L.var.Caespitosum Makio)

The chemical constituents of fistular onion stalk obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction were separated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and the preparative TLC method and four flavonoids were obtained. On the basis of the spectral data, they were structurally identified as （＋）-catechin, （-）-epieatechin, astragalin, and 3-O-β-D（2-O-β-D-glu- copyranosyl）-glucopyranosides of kaempferol.

Advances in Researches on Chemical Composition and Functions of Hemerocallis Plants

The genus Hemerocallis is a kind of perennial herbaceous plants of Liliaceae and consists of about 15 species in the world,11 of which can be found in China. Some species of Hemerocallis are widely cultivated for medicinal,edible and ornamental application. Considerable progress had been made in researches on chemical composition and functions of Hemerocallis plants. Previous phytochemical studies on Hemerocallis plants have demonstrated the presence of flavonoids,anthraquinones,alkaloids,terpenoids,triterpenes and triterpenoid saponins,caffeoylquinic acid derivatives,naphthalene glycosides,steroid and steroidal saponins,phenylethanoid glycosides,and lignans. Functional activities of Hemerocallis plants are mainly manifested in sedative hypnotic,antidepressant,antioxidant,anti-tumor,hepatoprotective,antibacterial and insecticidal activities. Chemical composition of Hemerocallis plants is various,and structural type is rich,and has a variety of significant functional activities,so it is worth further study.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of a Lebanese plant Euphorbia macroclada schyzoceras

Objective:To determine the chemical composition,total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ofthe crude extracts from leaves and stems of a Lebanese plantEuphorbia macroclada schyzoceras(E.macroclada),and to evaluate their antioxidant potential using DPPH,H2O2,and chelating offerrous ions tests.Methods:Quantification of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ofthe crude extracts from leaves and stems and the antioxidant activities were evaluated usingspectrophotometric analyses.The chemical composition has been estimated using differenttechniques such as IR,LC/MS and NMR.Results:Ethanolic extract from leaves ofE.macroclada was better than aqueous extract and showed higher content in total phenolic and total flavonoidthan found in the stems.On the other hand,using DPPH and H2O2tests,this extract from leavesshowed higher antioxidant capacity than aqueous extract.However,using the chelating of ferrousions test,the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of both stems and leaves was strongerthan that of ethanolic once.The chemical composition of the whole plant showed the presence ofsome aromatic compounds and fatty acids.Conclusions:Both ethanolic and water extracts fromboth parts of this plant are effective and have good antioxidant power.So,this plant can be usedin the prevention of a number of diseases related to oxidative stress.

Study on Chemical Composition of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pratia

[Objectives]This study was conducted to further reveal the chemical basis of the anti-tumor pharmacological activity of pratia.[Methods]The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of pratia was systematically studied by macroporous resin column chromatography,silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 repeated silica gel column chromatography and spectroscopy.[Results]Eight compounds were separated from the ethyl acetate extract of pratia,among which six were identified,namely diosmin (1),diosmetin (2),linarin (3),quercetin (4),apigenin (5) and luteolin (6).All the compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.[Conclusions]This study provides reference for the identification of the physiological activity of pratia.

Physico-Chemical Profile of Four Types of Honey from the South of the Republic of Moldova

There are many studies that compare the quality and biological characteristics of honey with distinct geographical and botanical origins. However, the physico-chemical and biological properties of different types of honey in the same production regions are rarely mentioned. The honey used in this study: sunflower honey, rapeseed honey, manna honey and polyflora honey, came from GT “Malai C” in Taraclia village, Causeni district in the southern part of the Republic of Moldova and belonged to the flowering season of year 2020. Following the polynecological analysis, it was found that two types of honey are monofloral with a dominant pollen content of Helianthus spp. (49.15% - 93.12%) in sunflower honey and Brassica spp. (52.17% - 70.11%) in rapeseed honey. Mana honey and polyflora contain several types of pollen. Thus, four types were identified in manna honey, including: Acer platanoides (29.11% - 30.11%), Quercus robur (28.67% - 29.99%), Rubus idaeus (21.55% - 28.78%), Taraxacum officinale (22.21% - 28.76%). Polyflora honey contains: Helianthus annuus (24.91% - 31.11%), Brassica napus (23.45% - 29.18%), Tilia (28.95% - 31.92%). Based on a Pfund scale, it was found that the color of the honey varied from a lighter shade for rapeseed honey (water amber 7.66 ± 3.002 mm) to a darker color for sunflower honey and polyflora (extra light amber 34.366 ± 21.01 mm and 36.04 ± 1.115 mm respectively). Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in honey samples showed that their content ranged from 38.18 mg GAE/kg honey for rapeseed honey to 831.09 mg GAE/kg honey for manna honey. At the same time, the flavonoid content ranged from 28.41 mg QUE/kg honey for rapeseed honey to 151.72 mg QUE/kg honey for manna honey. Mana honey showed a better antioxidant activity than the other honey samples in the study (72.03%). The reported results suggest that manna honey has the best potential and its consumption in the human diet as food with valuable biological properties can be encouraged, despite the fact that in the Republic of Moldova it is in a small amount.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Date Seeds from Different Tunisian Date Palm Cultivars

Chemical composition,polyphenolic and flavonoid contents,and antioxidant activity were determined in date seeds derived from four Tunisian date palm(Phoenix dactylifera)cultivars namely:Goundi,Chekena,Mnekher and Remtha.Sodium and potassium contents in date seeds were determined by flame photometry,phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteu method,flavonoids by colorimetric quantification,and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method.Crude protein content varied widely(p<0.001)between date seed varieties and ranged from 3.95(Goundi)to 7.51%DM(Chekena).No significant differences(p>0.001)were detected between seed varieties for their dry matter(DM)and ash contents.However,sodium,potassium and phosphorus varied widely(p<0.001)between varieties.The highest phenolic content(p<0.001)was observed in Goundi(39.4 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/g DM)and Remtha(36.6 mg GAE/g DM)seed varieties.Likewise,Goundi had the highest(p<0.001)flavonoid content(16.4 mg quercetin equivalent(QE)/g DM)and antioxidant activity(1,807μM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(TEAC)/g DM);however the lowest values(p<0.001)of phenolic(19.2 mg GAE/g DM),flavonoid(8.8 mg QE/g DM)and antioxidant activity(682μM TEAC/g DM)were observed for Chekena seeds.Further studies are needed to verify the potential of date seeds as alternative for animal nutrition.

补骨脂化学成分研究进展

补骨脂是豆科植物Psoralea corylifolia L.的干燥成熟果实,作为一种传统的中药,其在我国已有几千年的临床应用历史,广泛地用于心血管疾病、肾炎、骨质疏松和癌症等的治疗。植物化学研究显示,香豆素类、杂萜类和黄酮类是其主要化学成分。对补骨脂化学成分研究进行系统梳理,以期为临床更安全、有效地使用补骨脂和研究补骨脂现代中药提供理论依据。

红姜花中黄酮的分离与鉴定

风干粉碎后的红姜花(Hedychium coccineum)根茎用工业甲醇浸提,甲醇浸提物用乙酸乙酯-水萃取。采用多种分离技术(硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20、RP-18柱层析、HPLC)分离乙酸乙酯浸膏中的化学成分,通过NMR等方法对所得的化合物进行结构鉴定。共鉴定6个黄酮类化合物,分别是5-hydroxy-3,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone(1)、3,5-dihydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone(2)、kaempferol-4’-O-methylether(3)、ermanin(4)、dihydrokaempferide(5)、aromadendrin-7,4’-dimethyl ether(6)。均为首次从红姜花中分离得到。

何首乌叶不同萃取物的抗炎活性及其化学成分鉴定

目的:研究何首乌叶的成分,为其功能食品的研发提供基础数据。方法:对何首乌叶醇提取物进行有机溶剂萃取,分别得到何首乌叶石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水等不同萃取物,并对不同萃取物进行抗炎活性检测,后续通过硅胶柱色谱、C18柱色谱结合半制备液相等方法对抗炎活性较好的成分进行分离、纯化以及结构鉴定,结果:在质量浓度0~100μg/mL范围内,乙酸乙酯萃取物对RAW264.7细胞存活率无明显的抑制作用,且剂量依赖地抑制NO的生成。石油醚和二氯甲烷萃取物在质量浓度0~25μg/mL时,均无明显细胞毒性,并在25μg/mL时,二氯甲烷萃取物对NO的抑制率(51.47%)高于石油醚萃取物的抑制率(43.91%)。从二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离、鉴定出11个化合物,分别为2,3,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮-3-O-β-D-glucoside(1)、杨梅苷(2)、槲皮苷(3)、阿福豆苷(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、正十六烷-5,8,11三烯酸(6)、二十六烷(7)、α-亚麻酸(8)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(9)、肉豆蔻酸(10)和槲皮素(11)。结论:何首乌叶具有很好的抗炎活性,化合物2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11均为首次从何首乌中分离得到。

梅子中感官活性成分的研究

应用HP-20大孔树脂柱层析、半制备高效液相色谱等多种分离手段对梅子70%乙醇部位进行分离纯化,从梅子提取物中分离纯化得到了14个化合物.运用核磁共振光谱、质谱等多种波谱方法,它们的化学结构分别鉴定为:5-羟甲基糠醛(1)、野黑樱苷(2)、顺式对羟基肉桂酸(3)、反式对羟基肉桂酸(4)、绿原酸(5)、柠檬酸(6)、柠檬酸单乙酯(7)、邻苯二酚(8)、原儿茶醛(9)、原儿茶酸(10)、新绿原酸(11)、咖啡酸(12)、山柰酚(13)、芹菜素(14).其中,化合物2~4及化合物8~9为首次从梅子中分离得到.从梅子中分离的所有化合物在合适的用量下均有良好的感官活性,可以提升卷烟的口感.

西藏胡黄连乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分的研究

对西藏胡黄连Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora干燥根茎进行化学成分研究。采用反复硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,运用有机谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。从西藏胡黄连的95%乙醇回流提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到6个化合物,分别为儿茶素(1)、木犀草素(2)、山奈酚(3)、槲皮素(4)、芸香苷(5)、金丝桃苷(6)。其中化合物3~6为首次从胡黄连属植物中分离得到。

黄芪黄酮类成分及其药理作用研究

黄芪是豆科黄芪属多年生草本植物。中药黄芪历史悠久,作为中国传统中药之一,具有应用范围广、药用价值高等特点。黄芪的化学成分主要包含黄芪甲苷、黄芪多糖、黄芪黄酮、氨基酸等。近年来药理研究表明黄芪中黄酮类成分具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、免疫调节、降血糖等多种药理作用,其抗肿瘤作用效果显著,成为近年来学者们广泛研究的热点。文章对黄芪黄酮的化学成分及其药理作用相关文献进行搜集、检索、查阅、归纳与整理,并进行系统概括与总结,以期为黄芪黄酮类成分进一步开发与利用提供理论依据。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法分析陈皮中的化学成分

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)结合数据分析平台在线分析陈皮中71种化学成分,包括黄酮类、生物碱、香豆素和脂类等9类。通过主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)发现不同陈化年份陈皮中的化学成分具有明显差异,并筛选出17种特征性成分,随着陈化年份的延长,异甘草苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-槐糖苷、百蕊草素Ⅰ含量增加,脱水红花黄色素B、补骨脂查尔酮含量减少。此方法可用于区分陈化3,5,10,15,20年的陈皮。该研究了解了陈皮中化学组成并阐明了不同陈化年份陈皮间化学成分存在的差异,对合理开发陈皮的食用和药用价值具有指导意义,为不同陈化年份陈皮的鉴别提供了科学依据。

玉屏风散加味方化学成分鉴定

目的鉴定玉屏风散加味方的化学成分。方法采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术。以Waters BEH C18为色谱柱,乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;采用加热电喷雾离子源进行正、负离子模式扫描,扫描范围为m/z 50~1500,喷雾电压为2 kV(正离子模式)、1.5 kV(负离子模式)。通过查阅文献收集玉屏风散加味方的化学成分信息,建立数据库;结合上述成分数据库、相关文献以及对照品的色谱、质谱信息对该方成分结构进行鉴定。结果与结论从玉屏风散加味方中共鉴定出114个化学成分,包括黄酮类(31个)、苯丙素类(39个)、皂苷类(5个)、萜类(8个)、色原酮类(3个)、姜辣素类(3个)等;通过与对照品比对,最终确定了8个成分,分别为木兰花碱、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、木犀草素、芒柄花素;主要涉及糖基断裂、逆狄尔斯-阿尔德重排、糖基丢失、中性分子丢失等裂解途径。

山竹子茎叶化学成分的研究

目的:研究藤黄科藤黄属植物山竹子Garcinia multiflora Champ.ex Benth.茎叶的化学成分。方法:运用硅胶、HPLC等多种色谱技术对山竹子茎叶的醇提物进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从山竹子茎叶中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为:1,3,7-三羟基呫吨酮(1)、1,3,6,7-四羟基呫吨酮(2)、1,6-二羟基-3,5,7-三甲氧基呫吨酮(3)、GDPPH-1(4)、香橙素(5)、eriodictyol(6)、7,5,4′-三羟基黄酮(7)、4,6,4′-三羟基-2,3′-二甲氧基-3-异戊烯基二苯甲酮(8)、garcicowin D(9)、30-epi-cambogin(10)、garcimultiflorone H(11)、garcinol(12)、1-丙酮,1-(3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基苯基)(13)、loliolide(14)。结论:其中,化合物1、4~6、9、11~14为首次从该植物中分离得到。

参仙升脉口服液化学成分的UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS快速分析

目的探究参仙升脉口服液的化学物质基础。方法利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)对参仙升脉口服液的化学成分进行整体、系统辨识。采用Thermo Accucore aQ C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温30°C;质谱分析离子化方式为加热电喷雾离子化(H-ESI),扫描模式为正、负离子切换,扫描范围m/z 120-1800,碰撞能量30 eV、50 eV、70 eV。结果共鉴定出160个化学成分,包括29个黄酮类成分,24个有机酸类成分,21个生物碱类成分,19个萜类成分,15个苯丙素类成分,12个皂苷类成分和40个其他类成分;其中6个化学成分(芦丁、补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素和补骨脂酚)经对照品比对确认。结论该研究借助UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS技术实现了参仙升脉口服液化学成分准确、快速、系统的分析和鉴定,为其化学物质基础的阐明和质量控制提供了重要依据。

酸枣仁的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用研究进展

酸枣仁主要含有皂苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、脂肪酸类等成分,具有镇静催眠、抗焦虑、抗抑郁、保护神经、保护心脑血管、保肝、抗氧化等多种活性,广泛应用于医药、食品、保健食品等领域。本文通过查阅文献,系统整理归纳了酸枣仁的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用,以期为酸枣仁资源的可持续开发和合理使用提供理论指导。

大头茶属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

为充分挖掘大头茶属植物的潜在应用价值,对近年来该属植物在化学成分和药理作用方面的研究成果进行全面系统的综述与分析。结果显示:(1)大头茶属植物富含多类化合物,包括三萜类、二萜类、黄酮类、木脂素类、酚苷类、糖苷类、鞣质类、甾体类和有机酸等,其中三萜类化合物达133种,二萜类5种,黄酮类7种,木脂素类4种,其他类化合物26种,展现出其化学成分的多样性。(2)不同大头茶物种间化学成分含量和种类存在显著差异,部分单体化合物的结构和不同物种不同部位所含化学成分的差异仍需深入研究。(3)药理作用的研究揭示,部分化合物具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗HIV病毒、降血糖和保肝等广泛的药理活性,但目前的药理活性研究主要停留在细胞层面,对活性显著化合物的具体作用机制和构效关系的研究尚不明确。基于以上研究结果,对未来大头茶属植物的研究方向提出了建议和展望,以期为促进大头茶属植物资源保护、特色林木资源的发掘与定向培育提供理论依据。

薄叶卷柏的化学成分研究

为探究薄叶卷柏中的化学成分,该文采用HP20大孔树脂柱层析、正相硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱层析以及半制备型液相色谱等对薄叶卷柏乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,并通过现代波谱学方法(NMR、MS、UV、IR)鉴定了18个由薄叶卷柏乙酸乙酯部位分离得到的化合物,分别鉴定为7-去甲基银杏双黄酮(1)、delicaflavone(2)、sequoiavone(3)、2,3,2″,3″-四氢扁柏双黄酮(4)、2,3,2″,3″-四氢穗花杉双黄酮(5)、2 S,2″S-四氢罗伯斯塔黄酮(6)、(2″S)-2″,3″-dihydrodelicaflavone(7)、2,3-二氢穗花杉双黄酮(8)、(2 S)-2,3-dihydrorobustaflavone-4′-methyl ether(9)、hinokiflavone(10)、穗花杉双黄酮(11)、(2″S)-2″,3″-dihydrorobustaflavone(12)、2,3-dihydro-robustaflavone(13)、2″,3″-二氢异柳杉双黄酮(14)、4′-甲氧基-罗伯斯塔黄酮(15)、蛇床子素(16)、6-(5-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-apigenin(17)、芹菜素(18).其中16个化合物,化合物1~10、12~14、16~18为首次从薄叶卷柏中分离,化合物16为首次从卷柏属植物中分离得到.化合物10和化合物13与分离得到的其他化合物相比较能较好抑制食管癌Eca-109细胞的生长.

茵陈蒿黄酮的提取、化学组成及生物活性研究进展

茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)是一种药食皆优的菊科蒿属植物,在我国分布广泛、资源丰富。茵陈蒿富含黄酮、多糖、生物碱等多种活性成分,具有保肝利胆、抗炎、抗氧化等多种生理活性。笔者对茵陈蒿黄酮的提取纯化、主要成分组成及其在抗氧化、护肝、抗肿瘤等方面的生物活性进行归纳总结,并对今后在制备分离和生物活性方面的研究做出展望,以期为茵陈蒿黄酮在功能性食品和医药方面的应用研究以及茵陈蒿植物资源的开发利用提供参考。