Investigation of the volatile oils,lipid constituents and biological activity of Ballota andreuzziana,Teucrium zanonii and Verbena tenuisecta in Libya

Objective:To determine the chemical composition of essential oils and lipid constituents of Ballola andreuzziana(B.andreuzziana),Teucrium zanonii(T.zanonii) and Verbena tenuisecta(V. tenuisecta) growing in Libya,and to test the antibacterial activity of different extracts of Teucrium zanonii.Methods:The volatile oils of all plants were extracted by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC/MS method.The lipid constituents of plants were obtained by extraction with petroleum ether and fractionated into fatty alcohols,fatty acids and unsapoinfiable matters. Antibacterial activity of T.zanonii extracts and antioxidant activity of different extracts of T. zanonii were also studied.Results:The volate oil of B.andreuzziana was found to consists of 20 compounds in which caryophyllin is the main one(63.1%),the volatile oil of T.zanonii consists of 74 compounds in which germacrene-D was the main compound,while the volatile oil of V. tenuisecta consists of 13 compounds with l-octen-3- ol as a major constituent(52.87%).The study of antimicrobial activity of different extracts of V.tenuisecta showed that,both methanol and butanol extracts exhibited the highest activity against Mycobacterium phlei(M.pblei) and Candida albicans(C.albicans) respectively,while petroleum ether,fatty alcohols and unsaponifiable fractions had no antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. Investigation of the antioxidant activity of different extracts of T.zanonii using DPPH method proved that,the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed the highest activity where the inhibition percentage(1%) are 93.6 and 92.1 respectively.Conclusions:This is the first report about the volatile oils of these plants where T.zanonii have the highest content and the highest number of the identified compounds.The study of antioxidant T.zanonii extracts proved that,the ethyl acetate,butanol and aqueous extracts have the highest antioxidant activity.Methanol and butanol extracts of V.tenuisecta exhibited the highest activity against M.phlei and C.albicans respectively.

Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fruiting Body of Armillaria luteo-virens

The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method. 21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.

Physicochemical properties and volatile components of hempseed oils in Bama region

A comparison study has been performed in hempseed oils (HSO) extracted from different cultivars in Bama region. Squeezing properties, chemical compositions, thermal stability and flavor profile of pressed HSO were determined in this study. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in crude fat, protein, fiber of different hempseeds and fatty acid composition in HSOs. Hempseeds with small size and dark-colored peel have lower squeezing oil yield than big ones. Average content of total phytosterol, tocopherol and phenol in HSO from small seeds were 872.0 mg/100 g, 124.1 mg/100 g and 15.5 mg SA/100 g respectively. Thermal oxidation by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed three step oxidation of HSO with mean onset and oxidation temperature at 124oC and 135-315oC. Oxidation temperature of HSO from small seeds was higher than that from big seeds (big size and light-colored peel). Main volatile ingredients in HSO contained 11 kinds of monoterpene and 7 kinds of sesquiterpene. Volatile terpene content in HSO from small seeds was nearly 30% higher than that of big seeds. Quality of HSO with different peel feature has significant difference in squeezing yield, thermal stability and volatile flavors. This work may be useful to produce high quality hempseed oils through quality evaluation.

Volatile oil from Litsea lancilimba Merr.: a review of its chemical structure and biological activity

Litsea lancilimba Merr.is a Cinnamomum plant of Lauraceae.Phytochemical investigations of the Litsea lancilimba Merr.have resulted in the isolation of Volatile oil,flavonoid glycosides,tannins,alkaloids,lignans,organic acids and so on.Studies have showed that volatile oil is the main chemical component.Recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Litsea lancilimba Merr.in strengthening the function of stomach.The fruits have also been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic activities.This review deals mainly with the chemical structure and biological activities of Litsea lancilimba Merr.oil.

Variability in Content and Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Obtained from Aerial Plant Parts

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) project that is being conducted at the National Oilseed Processing Research Institute (NOPRI) aims at exploiting the genetic diversity and associated phenotypic variation in the investigated basil germplasm and evaluating key factors such as variety, plant ontogeny and plant parts that affect yield, chemical constituents, aroma and flavor of essential oils. This paper discussed the variability inessential oils content and chemical constituents of the aerial plant parts of the basil. An open-air pot experiment was carried out using three accessions provided by Agricultural Research Corporation-Genetic Resources Unit, Sudan. The essential oils were hydro distilled from the aerial parts, flowers, leaves, stems, using Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As the hydro distillation yielded no oil from the stem, we present only the results for leaves and flowers. The results revealed that the essential oil content varied with a range of 0.29% to 0.33% for flowers and 0.32% to 0.48% for leaves. As usual, the content of essential oils was higher in leaves than in flowers. The Silate-Egyptian accession had the lowest essential oil content obtained from leaves and flowers. However, South Darfur accession from Sudan had the highest oil content but did not significantly differ from Kennana accession. Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds published in literature or stored in a computer library. The combined GC-MS analysis showed that methyl eugenol was the major constituent of the essential oil of Kennana accession. While the major constituent of essential oil of South-Darfur and Silate-Egyptian accessions were germacrene and linalool, respectively.

Rosa x alba:source of essential minerals and volatile oils

Rosa x alba is cultivated almost exclusively for the production of aromatic water and fruits widely used as ingredients in some traditional food preparations sold commercially.Results of the proximate and elemental analyses revealed that flowers exhibited higher moisture content while the dry matter content was higher in leaves.Total fat and ash was higher in fruits when compared with leaves and flowers.All studied organs were found to be rich in essential mineral such as K,Ca,P and Mg.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the volatile oils revealed different composition patterns between organs.Linalool and geraniol were found as major constituents of the leaf oil whereas 2-phenethyl alcohol and eugenol were the major constituents of the floral oil.In contrast,fruits showed very distinct composition and alkanes/alkenes were found to have the major contribution.The present composition could justify the traditional use of Rosa x alba which could be considered as a potential source of essential minerals and volatile constituents.

Geochemical characteristics of oils among real cores in displacement model

Physical simulation experiment on oil displacement is an important approach to understand the mechanism and efficiency of displacement. Physical simulation experiments on water-flooding and chemical flood-ing in real cores with different lithologies and physical properties, reservoir Rock-Eval, TLC-FID, GC of saturated hydrocarbon fractions and GC-MS of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were performed to investigate differences in the geochemistry of residual oils in the cores processed by water-flooding and chemical flooding. After fine sandstone was displaced with the two methods, the preferable replacement efficiency was displayed by the chemical constitutions of residual oils. As to glutenite, water-flooding is less effective, while chemical flooding has excellent performance according to changes in chemical compounds in oils. The results showed that the geochemical characteristics of the reservoir oils and lithology and physical properties of reservoir bed need to be considered in selecting replacement methods. In addition, the geochemical parameters for residual oils slightly changed during water-flooding and chemical flooding, which suggested the water-flooding and chemical flooding could not affect the application of these parameters in geochemistry.

贵州引种的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)中挥发油化学成分分析

对贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分进行定性和定量分析 ,并与不同来源的迷迭香油的化学成分进行比较。结果表明 ,从贵州引种的迷迭香挥发油中分离出 38种成分 ,鉴定出 2 7种 ,鉴定率为71 0 5 % ,主要成分是α -蒎烯 (α -Pinene) ,含量 2 5 .4 4% ;1,8-桉树脑 (1,8-Cineole) ,含量 2 0 .2 7% ;其次是樟脑 (Camphor) ,含量 7.6 7% ;莰烯 (Camphene) ,含量 7.10 % ;龙脑 (Borneol) ,含量 3.30 % ;β -石竹烯 (β -Caryophyllene) ,含量 3.2 3%。贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分主要是α -蒎烯、1,8-桉树脑 ,占挥发油检出成分的 4 5 .71%。该挥发油按化学成分分类属α -蒎烯、1.

番石榴叶和果实挥发油化学成分的GC×GC/TOF MS分析

为分析比较番石榴(Psidium guajava L.)叶和果实挥发油的化学成分,采用固相微萃取法分别提取番石榴叶和果实的挥发油,建立一种全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOF MS)方法对提取到的挥发油进行化学成分分析与比较。在番石榴叶和果实的挥发油中,部分成分主要为萜烯类及其衍生物,是植物中一类重要的生理活性物质;另外还发现其它一些具有生理活性的成分,如角鲨烯、α-亚麻酸、亚油酸等;同时还有很多成分是重要的香味物质,如:2-乙酰基呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、5-甲基糠醛等,这些结果为番石榴叶和果实挥发油资源的开发利用提供参考依据。

Chemical constituents,physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of leaves essential oil of Ocimum urticifolium

Objective:To determine chemical compositions,physicochemical properties and evaluating antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of Ocimum urticifolium(O.urticifolium).Methods:Essential oil of O.urticifolium was extracted by hydrodistillation technique.A number of phytochemical screening tests were applied to identify the classes of compounds in the leaves extract of O.urticifolium.Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to characterize the chemical components in the essential oil.The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity as per of standard procedure.Results:Phytochemical screening of crude extract revealed that the presence of tannins,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids and phenols.The obtained oil yield is(0.33±0.11)%(v/w).Analysis of oil using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed a total of 22 components,the abundance of monoterpene and sesquiterpenes(98.99%).The percentage composition of monoterpene in the oil wasα-pinene(22.105%),eugenol(21.099%),while sesquiterpenesα-cubebene(11.341%),α-bisabolene(9.945%),α-caryophyllene(7.709%),α-caryophyllene oxide(5.754%),and copaene(3.594%).The oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,while no activity was shown to Salmonella typhi.Conclusions:The O.urticifolium is a rich source of various classes of chemical constituents and the antibacterial activity of the oil could be attributed mainly to these compounds.

不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响

为了探究不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响。本研究分别采用干法、湿法和微波熬制三种工艺提取鸡油,并对不同工艺提取鸡油的理化性质进行综合比较,同时采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定其挥发性风味物质构成,结合相对气味活度值、主成分分析和聚类分析明确不同提取工艺鸡油中的关键挥发性风味成分组成差异。结果表明,干法熬制的鸡油亮度最低,颜色更红、更黄,丙二醛含量较低;湿法熬制的鸡油亮度最高,颜色偏绿、偏黄,酸价较低;微波熬制的鸡油亮度稍暗,黄色和红色较浅,提取率较高,氧化稳定性较好且熬制时间短。不同提取工艺鸡油样品中共鉴定出49种挥发性风味物质,其中干法、湿法和微波法三种不同工艺所提取的鸡油中挥发性风味物质分别有39种、41种和44种,共有挥发性风味物质30种。结合ROAV和PCA,确定了(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛、1-戊醇、辛醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、3-甲基丁醛为鸡油的主要特征风味物质。微波法提取鸡油的特征性风味物质含量较高且种类较多。本研究表明微波工艺相对而言具有耗时短、得率高、氧化稳定好以及鸡油特征性风味物质含量较高且种类多等优点,是一种值得深入研究与探索的鸡油提取工艺。

海南草豆蔻挥发油化学成分分析及对单增李斯特菌抑菌性的研究

分析海南草豆蔻挥发油的化学成分种类和含量,明确挥发油对单增李斯特菌的抑菌活性。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取草豆蔻挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)检测和分析其化学成分。采用滤纸片扩散法测定单增李斯特菌对挥发油的药物敏感性,采用微量二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,草豆蔻挥发油得率为1.26%,分离鉴定出107种化合物,草豆蔻挥发油对单增李斯特菌的抑菌圈直径为15.44 mm,为高敏感性,MIC和MBC分别为0.078,0.3125 mg/mL。海南草豆蔻挥发油得率较高,挥发性化学成分种类丰富,并且对单增李斯特菌具有较好的抑菌效果。该研究为优异草豆蔻品种的选育提供了数据支持,同时也为草豆蔻挥发油在天然食品抗菌剂开发中的应用提供了理论基础和参考。

川芎挥发油化学成分、制剂及药理作用研究进展

川芎是我国常用传统中药,其中挥发油是主要药效成分,一直是川芎研究工作的重点。早期对川芎挥发性成分的研究主要集中在其中化学成分的定性鉴定及定量分析。近年来研究者对川芎挥发油的研究逐渐深入,开展了川芎不同部位挥发油的差异分析,比较了加工制备方法对挥发油成分的影响;研究人员除了对川芎挥发油镇痛镇静、保护神经细胞、改善血管功能等药理作用及其机制进行深入研究外,新的研究发现川芎挥发油还具有骨保护、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等药理活性。该文对近年来围绕川芎挥发油性成分的最新研究进展进行汇总,总结不同部位、不同产地、不同加工提取方法挥发油成分种类和含量差异,并综述了川芎挥发油制剂及药理活性研究进展,以期为更好地开发利用川芎挥发油自然资源提供参考。

花椒挥发油化学成分及药理作用研究进展

花椒挥发油主要包含萜烯类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、环氧化合物类及脂肪烃类成分,具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、杀虫、止痒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、促进透皮吸收、改善中枢神经系统障碍等多种药理作用。通过查阅国内外相关文献,对花椒挥发油的提取方法、化学成分及其影响因素、药理作用进行系统综述,同时指出目前花椒挥发油研究存在的问题,并展望未来研究方向,为花椒挥发油的深入研究和临床应用提供有益参考。参考文献76篇。

清上蠲痛汤标准汤剂挥发油的UPLC特征图谱建立及成分分析

目的建立清上蠲痛汤标准汤剂挥发油的特征图谱,初步推断该方中影响临床治疗效果的主要挥发油类活性成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取清上蠲痛汤标准汤剂中挥发油,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立15批样品的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)特征图谱并进行相似度评价;采用超高效液相色谱四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)法对标准汤剂挥发油类成分进行指认、鉴定;采用气质联用(GC-MS)法分析其挥发油类成分组成。结果15批清上蠲痛汤标准汤剂挥发油的UPLC特征图谱的相似度在0.949~0.997之间;共得到12个共有峰,经UPLC-Q-TOF/MS鉴定主要成分为甲基丁香酚、E-藁本内酯、E-正丁烯基苯酞等。GC-MS共鉴定出23个成分,主要为3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯、百秋李醇、Z-藁本内酯等。结论建立了清上蠲痛汤标准汤剂挥发油的特征图谱,初步推断甲基丁香酚、藁本内酯、E-正丁烯基苯酞、百秋李醇、3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯可能是影响清上蠲痛汤挥发油临床治疗效果的主要活性成分。

莪术挥发油化学成分及其药理作用研究

莪术挥发油为中药莪术发挥药用价值的主要活性部位,总结有关莪术挥发油化学成分的文献报道,发现目前从莪术挥发油中共鉴定出成分130余种,包括萜类(单萜、倍半萜)、酮(醛)类、醇(酚)类、烷(烯)烃类、酸(酯)类、醚类、芳香族等化合物,其中萜类为其主要化合物成分。莪术挥发油具有抗肿瘤、抗炎抑菌、抗病毒、抗血栓、保肝、保护神经、抗氧化等药理作用。目前,莪术挥发油所开发出的莪术油注射液、复方莪术油栓等广泛应用于临床。文章对莪术挥发油的提取工艺、化学成分及药理作用进行文献综述,以期为莪术挥发油在临床用药、制剂等方面提供参考。

沉香叶挥发油化学成分及药理作用研究进展

简要介绍沉香种源;概述了近十年沉香叶挥发油化学成分及药理作用的研究进展,以期为沉香叶的开发和合理利用提供较为系统的参考依据;指出现有研究中存在的问题,并展望了未来研究方向。

参仙升脉口服液中挥发性成分及无机元素研究

目的:利用挥发性物质的定性鉴别和无机元素的定量分析,探究参仙升脉口服液的化学物质基础。方法:采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-GC-MS)分析技术,通过质谱信息,搜索美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)数据库,并结合相关文献资料,对参仙升脉口服液中的挥发性化学成分进行快速辨识;并利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术对参仙升脉口服液中的21种无机元素进行定量分析。结果:从参仙升脉口服液中共检测到29个挥发性成分,这些成分主要归属于组方药材细辛,相对含量较高的成分有11个,占所鉴定挥发性成分总量的82.64%。无机元素定量分析结果显示,参仙升脉口服液中含有丰富的人体必需常量元素Na、Mg和K,以及较高水平的Fe、Zn、Mn微量元素;重金属及有害元素Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cu的含量均符合相关限度要求。结论:阐明了参仙升脉口服液中的挥发性化学物质基础和无机元素的种类及含量,为其药效物质基础的研究和质量控制提供了依据。

连翘挥发油化学成分、药理作用及其开发利用研究进展

连翘作为我国常用大宗中药材,具有清热解毒、消肿散结、疏散风热的功效。现代药理学研究表明,挥发油是连翘发挥药理作用的主要物质基础之一。连翘挥发油包含众多不同类型的化学成分,如萜类、烷烃类、烯烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类等,具有解热镇痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等广泛的药理活性。因此,连翘挥发油开发利用前景广阔,在医药、仓储防护、食品保鲜、化工及化妆品行业中均展现出较高的开发利用价值。基于对连翘挥发油研究进展的总结,对其化学成分、药理作用及开发利用现状等方面进行综述,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为连翘质量控制及连翘挥发油的深入研究、开发和利用提供参考。

苍术中聚炔类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

苍术为菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,主要分为北苍术和茅苍术,具有健脾、燥湿、明目等功效,在临床上主要用于治疗脾虚湿盛、夜盲症、眼疲劳等症状,根据临床作用以及现代药理研究证实,中药材苍术中含有多种有效成分,如挥发油类、烯炔类、苷类等,而近几年关于苍术的药理研究发现,聚炔类成分中的苍术素在抗炎、治疗细菌耐药性以及抑制胆管癌细胞迁移等方面均具有良好活性,且其较高的生物活性可能与所含的共轭烯炔结构有关。因此通过对近年来已发表的苍术中聚炔类化学成分及其药理作用研究进行总结,全面阐述苍术中聚炔类成分的研究进展,为科研从业者提供参考,以促进对苍术药用价值的深入开发和利用。