Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge char...Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge characteristics are also reviewed. These are followed by a discussion of their mechanisms of both anodic and cathodic CGDE..展开更多
A new Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator induced by Triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant)with glucose as the organic substrate and Ce^(4+)as the catalyst has been reported in this paper.
Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID...Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination protocols.All three most widely distributed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine formulations,e.g.,BNT162b2,mRNA-1273,and ChAdOx1-S,can induce liver injury that may involve immune-mediated pathways and result in autoimmune hepatitis-like presentation that may require therapeutic intervention in the form of corticosteroid administration.Various mechanisms have been proposed in an attempt to highlight immune checkpoint inhibition and thus establish causality with vaccination.The autoimmune features of such a reaction also prompt an in-depth investigation of the newly employed vaccine technologies.Novel vaccine delivery platforms,e.g.,mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles and adenoviral vectors,contribute to the inflammatory background that leads to an exaggerated immune response,while patterns of molecular mimicry between the spike(S)protein and prominent liver antigens may account for the autoimmune presentation.Immune mediators triggered by vaccination or vaccine ingredients per se,including autoreactive antibodies,cytokines,and cytotoxic T-cell populations,may inflict hepatocellular damage through wellestablished pathways.We aim to review available data associated with immunemediated liver injury associated with COVID-19 vaccination and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis.展开更多
Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen ...Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen NethylNbutylnitrosamine (EBN), or NnitrosomethylNpropylamine (MPN), esophageal carcinogenesis was induced. In some rats, a cotton node was detained in the thoracic segment of the esophageal lumen to make artificial restriction. The rats were divided into 6 groups. Group EC or MC were those treated with the artificial restriction and EBN, or MPN. Group E, M or C included those treated only with EBN, MPN, or cotton node. Group U was untreated control. The rats were sacrificed, and the esophagus from the 6 groups of rats were compared. Results: On naked eye examination, the esophageal lesion was the most in EC group, followed by MC group. About 70% of the lesions were within 3mm from the thread node. The E or M group only had a few lesions. There was no observable lesion in the C and U groups. Histological examination found that the hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, papilloma, and dysplasia were significantly more in EC and MC groups than E and M groups. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were only noticed in the EC and MC groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that the artificial restriction promotes the esophageal carcinogenesis. The effect is related with increased contact with carcinogen and injury at the area of the restriction.展开更多
Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically benefici...Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism.However,they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic,skeletal muscle building,and performanceenhancing effects.Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs,leading to cardiovascular,neurological,endocrine,gastrointestinal,renal,and hematologic disorders.Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse.Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis,peliosis hepatis,and hepatic benign and malignant tumors.It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors,upregulation of bile acid synthesis,and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia.Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS.However,some long-term consequences are irreversible.AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders,especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS.In this paper,we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver,and their clinical presentations,prevalence,and pathophysiological mechanisms.展开更多
The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectromete...The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectrometer. The competition between the radical-triplet pair mechanism (RTPM) and triplet mechanism (TM) or radical pair mechanism (KIM) polarization in the solution of the triplet quencher was investigated, and the relationships between reaction rate of the radical-triplet pair and quenching rate of triplet was deduced.展开更多
We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to t...We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to those of high-grade wild agarwood in terms of texture, chemical constituents, essential oil content, and ethanol-soluble extract content, with the lattermost quality far surpassing the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine agarwood, as indicated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study to show that high-quality agarwood can be produced in whole A. sinensis trees via a chemically induced technology.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism,patterns,risk factors,and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence.However,most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient,or have unstable phenotype.To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology.Over the past 3 decades,HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied.This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models,focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype.In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of p...OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of proteins and m RNA associated with toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway in the liver[TLR3,janus protein tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),c-jun,c-fos,c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2),and STAT3].METHODS:Forty specified pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the silybin group and the CSZ group.Rats were given acetaminophen(APAP)to trigger DILI.Histopathology of the liver was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),direct bilirubin(DBIL),and total bilirubin(TBIL)in serum were detected by a semi-automatic biochemical instrument.Content of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-13,and IL-22 in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression of TLR3,phosphorylation of JAK2(p-JAK2),while c-jun and c-fos proteins in the liver were determined by immunohistochemistry;expression of JNK2,and STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.P-JNK2 and p-STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment,the activity of ALT,AST,and concentrations of TBIL,DBIL,TNF-α,IL-6,as well as IL-13 in serum,were lower than those in the model group,and expression of p-JAK2,TLR3,c-jun,c-fos,p-STAT3,and p-JNK2 could be downregulated.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI,while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.展开更多
Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI...Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Mice were pretreated with ginsenoside Rb1 by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days before D-GalN/LPS treatment,to induce ALI.The survival rate was monitored every hour for 24 h,and serum biochemical parameters,hepatic index and histopathological analysis were evaluated to measure the degree of liver injury.ELISA was used to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissue and serum.Immunohistochemistry staining,RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB),and NLR family,pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3)in liver tissue and Kupffer cells(KCs).Results:Ginsenoside Rb1 improved survival with D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by up to 80%,significantly ameliorated the increased alanine and aspartate transaminase,restored the hepatic pathological changes and reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines altered by D-GalN/LPS.Compared to the control group,the KCs were increased in the D-GalN/LPS groups but did not increase significantly with Rb1 pretreatment.D-GalN/LPS could upregulate while Rb1 pretreatment could downregulate the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,NLRP3,apoptosis associated specklike protein containing CARD(ASC)and caspase-1 in isolated KCs.Furthermore,ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by D-GalN/LPS administration.Conclusions:Ginsenoside Rb1 protects mice against D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.展开更多
文摘Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge characteristics are also reviewed. These are followed by a discussion of their mechanisms of both anodic and cathodic CGDE..
文摘A new Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator induced by Triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant)with glucose as the organic substrate and Ce^(4+)as the catalyst has been reported in this paper.
文摘Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination protocols.All three most widely distributed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine formulations,e.g.,BNT162b2,mRNA-1273,and ChAdOx1-S,can induce liver injury that may involve immune-mediated pathways and result in autoimmune hepatitis-like presentation that may require therapeutic intervention in the form of corticosteroid administration.Various mechanisms have been proposed in an attempt to highlight immune checkpoint inhibition and thus establish causality with vaccination.The autoimmune features of such a reaction also prompt an in-depth investigation of the newly employed vaccine technologies.Novel vaccine delivery platforms,e.g.,mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles and adenoviral vectors,contribute to the inflammatory background that leads to an exaggerated immune response,while patterns of molecular mimicry between the spike(S)protein and prominent liver antigens may account for the autoimmune presentation.Immune mediators triggered by vaccination or vaccine ingredients per se,including autoreactive antibodies,cytokines,and cytotoxic T-cell populations,may inflict hepatocellular damage through wellestablished pathways.We aim to review available data associated with immunemediated liver injury associated with COVID-19 vaccination and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis.
文摘Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen NethylNbutylnitrosamine (EBN), or NnitrosomethylNpropylamine (MPN), esophageal carcinogenesis was induced. In some rats, a cotton node was detained in the thoracic segment of the esophageal lumen to make artificial restriction. The rats were divided into 6 groups. Group EC or MC were those treated with the artificial restriction and EBN, or MPN. Group E, M or C included those treated only with EBN, MPN, or cotton node. Group U was untreated control. The rats were sacrificed, and the esophagus from the 6 groups of rats were compared. Results: On naked eye examination, the esophageal lesion was the most in EC group, followed by MC group. About 70% of the lesions were within 3mm from the thread node. The E or M group only had a few lesions. There was no observable lesion in the C and U groups. Histological examination found that the hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, papilloma, and dysplasia were significantly more in EC and MC groups than E and M groups. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were only noticed in the EC and MC groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that the artificial restriction promotes the esophageal carcinogenesis. The effect is related with increased contact with carcinogen and injury at the area of the restriction.
文摘Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism.However,they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic,skeletal muscle building,and performanceenhancing effects.Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs,leading to cardiovascular,neurological,endocrine,gastrointestinal,renal,and hematologic disorders.Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse.Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis,peliosis hepatis,and hepatic benign and malignant tumors.It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors,upregulation of bile acid synthesis,and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia.Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS.However,some long-term consequences are irreversible.AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders,especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS.In this paper,we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver,and their clinical presentations,prevalence,and pathophysiological mechanisms.
基金Project supported by Science Foundation of Anhui (No. 99jL0070)Youth Science Foundation of Anhui Normal University (No. 99XQ18)
文摘The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectrometer. The competition between the radical-triplet pair mechanism (RTPM) and triplet mechanism (TM) or radical pair mechanism (KIM) polarization in the solution of the triplet quencher was investigated, and the relationships between reaction rate of the radical-triplet pair and quenching rate of triplet was deduced.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2011BAI01B07)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173481 and 31000136)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No. 6102024)the key project in the Science & Technology Program of Hainan Provincial(No.ZDXM20120033)
文摘We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to those of high-grade wild agarwood in terms of texture, chemical constituents, essential oil content, and ethanol-soluble extract content, with the lattermost quality far surpassing the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine agarwood, as indicated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study to show that high-quality agarwood can be produced in whole A. sinensis trees via a chemically induced technology.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan[grant number DFL20180701]Special Fund for the Capital Characteristic Clinical Medicine Development Project[grant number Z161100000516077]+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Grant for Medical Talents Group on Peritoneal Surface Oncology[grant number 2017400003235J007]Beijing Health and Science Technology Achievement and Appropriate Technology Promotion Project[grant number 2018-TG-27]Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 7172108].
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism,patterns,risk factors,and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence.However,most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient,or have unstable phenotype.To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology.Over the past 3 decades,HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied.This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models,focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype.In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Study on the Compatibility Relationship and Mechanism of Vinegar Kansui and Roasted Licorice Based on the Theory of Medicine Syndrome,No.81503268)the Top Program of Science and Technology Research Youth in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province(Study on the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Jiedu Hugan Recipe on Drug-Induced Liver Injury,No.BJ2016038)+1 种基金the Central Finance Public Health Project 2017the General Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(No.Z135080000022)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of proteins and m RNA associated with toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway in the liver[TLR3,janus protein tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),c-jun,c-fos,c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2),and STAT3].METHODS:Forty specified pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the silybin group and the CSZ group.Rats were given acetaminophen(APAP)to trigger DILI.Histopathology of the liver was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),direct bilirubin(DBIL),and total bilirubin(TBIL)in serum were detected by a semi-automatic biochemical instrument.Content of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-13,and IL-22 in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression of TLR3,phosphorylation of JAK2(p-JAK2),while c-jun and c-fos proteins in the liver were determined by immunohistochemistry;expression of JNK2,and STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.P-JNK2 and p-STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment,the activity of ALT,AST,and concentrations of TBIL,DBIL,TNF-α,IL-6,as well as IL-13 in serum,were lower than those in the model group,and expression of p-JAK2,TLR3,c-jun,c-fos,p-STAT3,and p-JNK2 could be downregulated.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI,while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.
基金Supported by Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR4067)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20S31905300 and No.20Y11900900)+1 种基金Anti-COVID-19 grant from ZhongShan Hospital,Fudan University(No.002 and No.008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072131 and No.J1924010).
文摘Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Mice were pretreated with ginsenoside Rb1 by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days before D-GalN/LPS treatment,to induce ALI.The survival rate was monitored every hour for 24 h,and serum biochemical parameters,hepatic index and histopathological analysis were evaluated to measure the degree of liver injury.ELISA was used to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissue and serum.Immunohistochemistry staining,RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB),and NLR family,pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3)in liver tissue and Kupffer cells(KCs).Results:Ginsenoside Rb1 improved survival with D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by up to 80%,significantly ameliorated the increased alanine and aspartate transaminase,restored the hepatic pathological changes and reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines altered by D-GalN/LPS.Compared to the control group,the KCs were increased in the D-GalN/LPS groups but did not increase significantly with Rb1 pretreatment.D-GalN/LPS could upregulate while Rb1 pretreatment could downregulate the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,NLRP3,apoptosis associated specklike protein containing CARD(ASC)and caspase-1 in isolated KCs.Furthermore,ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by D-GalN/LPS administration.Conclusions:Ginsenoside Rb1 protects mice against D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.