To adapt to the change in the demand of the oil refining market,two hydrocracking catalysts,RHC-1 and RHC-5,were developed to improve the quality of tail oil.The catalysts were designed based on the theory of selectiv...To adapt to the change in the demand of the oil refining market,two hydrocracking catalysts,RHC-1 and RHC-5,were developed to improve the quality of tail oil.The catalysts were designed based on the theory of selective ring-opening.By selecting more acidic molecular sieves,the problem of poor selectivity of conventional materials can be solved to properly match up to the hydrogenation performance of catalysts.Compared with the performance of previous catalysts,the quality of the tail oil achieved by the said catalysts is better,and the BMCI is reduced by 1—2 units.In the long cycle operation of the petroleum industry,the good quality of the tail oil has been verified and the adaptability of the process conditions is good.When the RHC-1 catalyst is used to process heavy feed under medium pressure,a BMCI value of about12 can be obtained along with a nearly 60%yield of tail oil.The total yield of chemical raw material(steaming cracking feed+catalytic reforming feed)can exceed 80%,and the hydrogen consumption has dropped by nearly 50%as compared to the conventional hydrocracking conversion rate.When processing a mixed CGO and VGO feed with the full conversion mode under a hydrogen pressure of 13.0 MPa,the RHC-5 catalyst can yield about 68.4%of heavy naphtha with a potential aromatic content of up to 50.6,while the total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than 98%.The results of industrial application of these catalysts show that more than 30%of high quality tail oil can be obtained via processing of inferior quality feed,and its BMCI value can reach 10.7.The total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than65%.The industrial operation process has implemented two operating cycles totaling 8 years.展开更多
The chemical characteristics,element contents,mineral compositions,and the ameliorative effects on acid soils of five biomass ashes from different materials were analyzed. The chemical properties of the ashes varied d...The chemical characteristics,element contents,mineral compositions,and the ameliorative effects on acid soils of five biomass ashes from different materials were analyzed. The chemical properties of the ashes varied depending on the source biomass material. An increase in the concrete shuttering contents in the biomass materials led to higher alkalinity,and higher Ca and Mg levels in biomass ashes,which made them particularly good at ameliorating effects on soil acidity. However,heavy metal contents,such as Cr,Cu,and Zn in the ashes,were relatively high. The incorporation of all ashes increased soil p H,exchangeable base cations,and available phosphorus,but decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The application of the ashes from biomass materials with a high concrete shuttering content increased the soil available heavy metal contents. Therefore,the biomass ashes from wood and crop residues with low concrete contents were the better acid soil amendments.展开更多
基金the financial support from the SINOPEC(No.114016)
文摘To adapt to the change in the demand of the oil refining market,two hydrocracking catalysts,RHC-1 and RHC-5,were developed to improve the quality of tail oil.The catalysts were designed based on the theory of selective ring-opening.By selecting more acidic molecular sieves,the problem of poor selectivity of conventional materials can be solved to properly match up to the hydrogenation performance of catalysts.Compared with the performance of previous catalysts,the quality of the tail oil achieved by the said catalysts is better,and the BMCI is reduced by 1—2 units.In the long cycle operation of the petroleum industry,the good quality of the tail oil has been verified and the adaptability of the process conditions is good.When the RHC-1 catalyst is used to process heavy feed under medium pressure,a BMCI value of about12 can be obtained along with a nearly 60%yield of tail oil.The total yield of chemical raw material(steaming cracking feed+catalytic reforming feed)can exceed 80%,and the hydrogen consumption has dropped by nearly 50%as compared to the conventional hydrocracking conversion rate.When processing a mixed CGO and VGO feed with the full conversion mode under a hydrogen pressure of 13.0 MPa,the RHC-5 catalyst can yield about 68.4%of heavy naphtha with a potential aromatic content of up to 50.6,while the total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than 98%.The results of industrial application of these catalysts show that more than 30%of high quality tail oil can be obtained via processing of inferior quality feed,and its BMCI value can reach 10.7.The total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than65%.The industrial operation process has implemented two operating cycles totaling 8 years.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB441003)the National Key Research and Development of China(No.2016YFD0200302)
文摘The chemical characteristics,element contents,mineral compositions,and the ameliorative effects on acid soils of five biomass ashes from different materials were analyzed. The chemical properties of the ashes varied depending on the source biomass material. An increase in the concrete shuttering contents in the biomass materials led to higher alkalinity,and higher Ca and Mg levels in biomass ashes,which made them particularly good at ameliorating effects on soil acidity. However,heavy metal contents,such as Cr,Cu,and Zn in the ashes,were relatively high. The incorporation of all ashes increased soil p H,exchangeable base cations,and available phosphorus,but decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The application of the ashes from biomass materials with a high concrete shuttering content increased the soil available heavy metal contents. Therefore,the biomass ashes from wood and crop residues with low concrete contents were the better acid soil amendments.
