The pathophysiology of skin cancer is complex,with multiple factors contributing to its development.The proactive treatment of skin cancer has been investigated in the form of chemoprevention of cutaneous malignancies...The pathophysiology of skin cancer is complex,with multiple factors contributing to its development.The proactive treatment of skin cancer has been investigated in the form of chemoprevention of cutaneous malignancies in clinical trials.Chemoprevention is the use of natural or pharmacologic agents that prevent or reverse skin cancer development.Multiple trials have arisen over the past decades to explore the efficacy of specific agents to halt the progression of UV radiation damage.This comprehensive review article aims to assess clinical trials performed with chemopreventive agents for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.The following compounds were most often used in these trials:nicotinamide,retinoids,polyphenolic antioxidants,COX-2 selective inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,difluoromethylornithine,and 5-fluorouracil.Many agents show promise in their ability to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer formation,with few melanoma trials demonstrating efficacy.The chemoprevention efforts aimed at skin cancer are complex;current and future trials will be instrumental in identifying therapeutic agents that pose efficacy in halting cancer development and assessing whether long-term administration is tolerable.展开更多
Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. H...Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. Here we report a novel strategy using the water soluble gadofullerene nanocrystals（GFNCs） to protect against chemotherapy injury in hepatocarcinoma bearing mice, which was induced by the commonly chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide（CTX）.The GFNCs were revealed to specifically accumulate in the bone marrow after intravenously injecting to mice and they exhibited excellent radical scavenging function, resulting in a prominent increase of mice blood cells and pathological improvements of the primary organs in the GFNCs（15 mg kg-（-1））treated mice after the CTX（60 mg kg-（-1）） therapy. Moreover,the GFNCs maintained and even strengthened the antineoplastic activity of the CTX agent. Therefore, the GFNCs would be the promising chemoprotective agents in chemotherapy based on their high efficiency, low toxicity and metabolizable property.展开更多
基金This work was supported by 1R01AR071157-01A1(NY)from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
文摘The pathophysiology of skin cancer is complex,with multiple factors contributing to its development.The proactive treatment of skin cancer has been investigated in the form of chemoprevention of cutaneous malignancies in clinical trials.Chemoprevention is the use of natural or pharmacologic agents that prevent or reverse skin cancer development.Multiple trials have arisen over the past decades to explore the efficacy of specific agents to halt the progression of UV radiation damage.This comprehensive review article aims to assess clinical trials performed with chemopreventive agents for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.The following compounds were most often used in these trials:nicotinamide,retinoids,polyphenolic antioxidants,COX-2 selective inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,difluoromethylornithine,and 5-fluorouracil.Many agents show promise in their ability to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer formation,with few melanoma trials demonstrating efficacy.The chemoprevention efforts aimed at skin cancer are complex;current and future trials will be instrumental in identifying therapeutic agents that pose efficacy in halting cancer development and assessing whether long-term administration is tolerable.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51472248,51372251 and 51502301)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipments Development Project(ZDYZ2015-2)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH025,KGZD-EWT02 and XDA09030302)
文摘Chemotherapy as an effective cancer treatment technique has been widely used in tumor therapy. However, it is still a challenge to overcome the serious side effects of chemotherapy, especially for its myelotoxicity. Here we report a novel strategy using the water soluble gadofullerene nanocrystals（GFNCs） to protect against chemotherapy injury in hepatocarcinoma bearing mice, which was induced by the commonly chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide（CTX）.The GFNCs were revealed to specifically accumulate in the bone marrow after intravenously injecting to mice and they exhibited excellent radical scavenging function, resulting in a prominent increase of mice blood cells and pathological improvements of the primary organs in the GFNCs（15 mg kg-（-1））treated mice after the CTX（60 mg kg-（-1）） therapy. Moreover,the GFNCs maintained and even strengthened the antineoplastic activity of the CTX agent. Therefore, the GFNCs would be the promising chemoprotective agents in chemotherapy based on their high efficiency, low toxicity and metabolizable property.
