贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位(英文)

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种[Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var.lanceolata(Feng)Silba]。文中提供4幅参照图片。

Effect of combined therapy of Yinchenhao Chengqi decoction and endoscopic sphincterotomy for endotoxemia in acute cholangitis

AIM To evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction (containing mainly Herba Artemisia capillaris) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for endotoxemia (ETM) in acute cholangitis.METHODS Twenty-one cases of acute cholangitis with ETM were divided randomly into two groups: group A, 10 patients treated with YCHCQ decoction combined with EST, group B, 11 patients treated with EST. The incidence rate of ETM, plasmic ET, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), complement C3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied respectively.RESULTS The ET level of group A (35.92ng/L±8.30ng/L) was significantly reduced after 7 days of treatment (P＜0.05) in contrast to that of group B (47.8ng/L±11.62ng/L), so did the level of MDA and CRP. But the SOD activity and C3 level in group A increased significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION YCHCQ decoction combined with EST had a beneficial effect for ETM in acute cholangitis.INTRODUCTIONEndotoxemia (ETM) is one of the most important physiopathologic causes of acute cholangitis and it is the trigger of cytokines and inflammatory factors. In recent studies it has been found that Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction has a beneficial effect on ETM in acute cholangitis. With the development of endoscopic surgery, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has become an effective replacement for some operations in the treatment of acute cholangitis[1]. The effect of YCHCQ decoction combined with EST on ET, oxygen free radical and complement C3 was observed in order to find out its therapeutic mechanism.

Effects of the Extract of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus cheng f. (JA1) on Induction of Apoptosis of HepG2 in vitro and Its Molecular Mechanisms

Objective To study the effects and the mechanisms of extract from a leguminous plant （Ammopiptanthus mongolicus cheng f.） （JAl ） in northwest China on inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell in vitro. Methods The HepG2 cell line was used as target cells. The effect of 3A 1 on HepG2 cell growth was detected by microculture tetrazolium assay （MTr）, flow cytometry assay, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and transmission electronic microscopy. The expressive effect of the wt-p53 in HepG2 cells was analyzed with p53 protein test-reagent. Results JAl not only had significant anti-proliferative effects depending upon time and dosage, but also induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Apoptotic typical morphological changes were observed in JAl-treated HepG2 cells under transmission electronic microscope, ＂Sub-G 1＂ phase peak occurred in flow cytometry and DNA ＂ladder＂ was found in DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of the wt-p53 increased in vitro, and 3Al-treated HepG2 and the positive cell percentage of the wt-p53 protein also increased. Conclusions JAl could obviously induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, and these effects are closely related with the increase of wt-p53 expression. JAl can be used as a good source of medicinal plant for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.

Effects of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction on cefotaxime in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction(CQCQD)on cefotaxime(CTX)concentration in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into an ANP group(ANP model +CTX,n=20),treatment group(ANP model+CTX +CQCQD,n=20)and control group(normal rats+ CTX,n=20).ANP models were induced by retrograde intraductal injection of 3.5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg),and the control group was injected intraductally with normal saline.All rats were injected introperitoneally with 0.42 g/kg CTX(at 12-h intervals for a continuous 72 h)at 6 h after intraductal injection. Meanwhile,the treatment group received CQCQD (20 mL/kg)intragastrically at 8-h intervals,and the ANP and control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline.At 15 min after the last CTX injection,blood and pancreas samples were collected for the determination of CTX concentration using validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Pathological changes and wet-to-dry-weight(W/D) ratio of pancreatic tissue were examined. RESULTS:Serum CTX concentrations in three groups were not significantly different.Pancreatic CTXconcentration and penetration ratio were lower in ANP group vs control group(4.4±0.6μg/mL vs 18.6± 1.7μg/mL,P=0.000;5%vs 19%,P=0.000),but significantly higher in treatment group vs ANP group (6.4±1.7μg/mL vs 4.4±0.6μg/mL,P=0.020;7% vs 5%,P=0.048).The histological scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in treatment group vs ANP and control group. CONCLUSION:CQCQD might have a promotive effect on CTX concentration in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.

Study on Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng Using LEAFY Gene

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the origin and evolution of poly- poids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng through LEAFY gene clone and sequence analysis. [Method] In this study, LEAFY gene in Parakmeria species and its relative genera was cloned and sequenced using molecular biology methods. With reference to LEAFY gene sequence published by NCBI, the origin pattern of polypoids in Parakmeria was explored and reasons for the distribution layout of different polypoids were analyzed through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [Result] Different Magnoliaceae species can be distinguished using the LEAFY gene, and there was a length polymorphism found in the 3＋ end of the LEAFY gene, which can be used to divide Magnoliaceae plants of different species or in different genera, thus of high application value. [Conclusion] Most Parakmeria tetraploids are produced by polyploidization of homologous chromosomes, while Parakmeria hexaploids are chiefly produced by both polyploidization of homologous chromosomes and heterologous hybridization.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on an herbal recipe tissue pharmacology hypothesis. METHODS Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (SOG); a model group (MG); and low-, median- and high-dose treatment groups (LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively). Different dosages (6, 12 and 24 g/kg for the LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively) of DCQD were administered to the rats with SAP. The tissue concentrations of aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, honokiol, rheo chrysophanol, magnolol, hesperidin, naringenin and naringin in the liver of the treated rats were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum, inflammatory mediators in the liver and pathological scores were evaluated. RESULTS The major components of DCQD were detected in the liver, and their concentrations increased dose-dependently. The high dose of DCQD showed a maximal effect in ameliorating the pathological damages, decreasing the pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin (IL)-6 and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 in the liver. The pathological scores in the pancreas for the MG were significantly higher than those for the SOG (P < 0.05). DCQD could reduce the pathological scores in the pancreas and liver of the rats with SAP, especially in the HDG. Compared to the SOG, the ALT and AST levels in serum were higher in the MG (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the MG and HDG. CONCLUSION DCQD could alleviate liver damage by altering the inflammatory response in rats with SAP based on the liver distribution of its components.

The Integration and Sustainable Development of Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration

Urban Agglomeration is an inevitable outcome of urbanization and industrialization, and a main form of urban development. Based on the analysis of urbanization and urban system situation, this paper will discuss the integration of urban agglomeration development, using the urban area of Cheng (Chengdu)-Yu (Chongqing) Urban agglomeration (CYUA) as a case study. By means of industries, population and spatial integrations, the function, strength and competition of CYUA will be improved and this urban agglomeration will transit from a budding state to a growing and mature one in future. The sustainable development of CYUA will depend on countermeasures, such as accelerating industrialization and urbanization, building a traffic network and express roads, strengthening the ability of self-sufficiency, enlarging the ecological construction and environmental protection, and establishing the synergetic institution of cross districts.

Optimal timing for the oral administration of DaCheng-Qi decoction based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targeting of the pancreas in rats with acute pancreatitis

AIM To identify the optimal oral dosing time of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction(DCQD) in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP) based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.METHODS First, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(a)] and three model groups [4 h G(a), 12 h G(a) and 24 h G(a)]. The NG(a) and model groups were administered DCQD(10 g/kg.BW) intragastrically at 4 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively, after AP models induced by 3% sodium taurocholate. Plasma samples were collected from the tails at 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Plasma and pancreatic tissue concentrations of the major components of DCQD were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetic parameters and serum amylase were detected and compared. Second, rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(b)] and three treatment groups [4 h G(b), 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b)] with three corresponding control groups [MG(b)s]. Blood and pancreatic tissues were collected 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Serum amylase, inflammatory cytokines and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were detected and compared.RESULTS The concentrations of emodin, naringin, honokiol, naringenin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and rheochrysidin in the 12 h G(a) group were higher than those in the 4 h G(a) group in the pancreatic tissues(P < 0.05). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration values(AUC0→t) for rhein, chrysophanol, magnolol and naringin in the 12 h G(a) group were larger than those in the 4 h G(a) or 24 h G(a) groups. The 12 h G(a) group had a higher Cmax than the other two model groups. The IL-10 levels in the 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b) groups were higher than in the MG(b)s(96.55 ± 7.84 vs 77.46 ± 7.42, 251.22 ± 16.15 vs 99.72 ± 4.7 respectively, P < 0.05), while in the 24 h G(b) group, the IL-10 level was higher than in the other two treatment groups(251.22 ± 16.15 vs 154.41 ± 12.09/96.55 ± 7.84, P < 0.05). The IL-6 levels displayed a decrease in the 4 h G(b) and 12 h G(b) groups compared to theMG(b)s(89.99 ± 4.61 vs 147.91 ± 4.36, 90.82 ± 5.34 vs 171.44 ± 13.43, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Late-time dosing may have higher concentrations of the most major components of DCQD, with better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiinflammation than early-time dosing, which showed the late time to be the optimal dosing time of DCQD for AP.

Comparison of Cheng's Index-and SSR Marker-based Classification of Asian Cultivated Rice

A total of 100 cultivated rice accessions,with a clear isozyme-based classification,were analyzed based on Cheng＇s index and simple sequence repeat （SSR） marker.The results showed that the isozyme-based classification was in high accordance with that based on Cheng＇s index and SSR markers.Mantel-test revealed that the Euclidean distance of Cheng＇s index was significantly correlated with Nei＇s unbiased genetic distance of SSR markers （r=0.466,P ≤ 0.01）.According to the model-based group and cluster analysis,the Cheng＇s index-and SSR-based classification coincided with each other,with the goodness of fit of 82.1% and 84.7% in indica,97.4% and 95.1% in japonica,respectively,showing higher accordance than that within subspecies.Therefore,Cheng＇s index could be used to classify subspecies,while SSR marker could be more efficient to analyze the subgroups within subspecies.

Professor Yuan Cheng (Bert) Fung:My Respected Mentor and Cherished Friend

On September 14,2008,Drs.Shu Chien,Peter Chen,Geert Schmid-Schonbein,Pin Tong and I had the great pleasure of organizing a beautiful event in San Diego,California to celebration Dr.Fung’s 90thbirthday with his students,friends and family[1].The team gave me the honor and privilege to be the banquet speaker.I titled my speech as“Dr.Fung:My Respected Mentor and Cherished Friend”-something for those of you who have known Dr.Fung well can“resonate”.Still,I would like to take this opportunity to share with you an excerpt of the story I told about this great gentle man.

The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang on the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats

Objective:To test two theories from traditional Chinese medicine:'exterior -interior relationship between the lung and large intestine' and 'treating from the intestine principle for lung disorders'.The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang (XBCQT) on the concentration of three trace elements-copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and manganese (Mn)-was observed in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach of rats suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups:control;model;Fei treatment (A);Chang treatment (B);and Fei-Chang treatment (C).A rat model of COPD was prepared by tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide plus exposure to cigarette smoke.Treatments with medicinal herbs started day-22 of administration and exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days.The control group and model group were administered physiologic (0.9%) saline solution via the stomach.After 7 days of intervention,the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach were removed.Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy was used to detect the levels of Cu,Zn,and Mn in those tissues.Results:Compared with the control group,the Cu concentration in the tissues of the small intestine,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the model group (P <.05).In comparison of the model group:the Cu concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine increased significantly in the B group (P <.05).For the A group versus C group comparison,the Zn concentration in the tissues of the small intestine and stomach increased significantly in the latter (P <.05).Conclusion:This study showed that 'treating from the intestine' using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang and its modified formulae can regulate the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats.This may be one of the mechanisms for intestine-based treatment for COPD.

Protection of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng in China

Metasequoia （Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng） is an important but endangered tree species. In a sense, the course of protection of the metasequoia can be considered a miniature of the history of the protection of rare Chinese plants over the past 50 years. The approval and establishment of the National Class Nature Reserve for metasequoia is a milestone in this course. A thorough understanding of this course is beneficial to design the correct future protection plans and for taking effective measures. In this paper the entire protection course of metasequoia is reviewed, three detailed measures are proposed according to the present situation and existing problems and discussed as follows. 1） We should reinforce unceasingly the establishment of National Nature Reserves of metasequoia, put emphasis on the protection of the original natural mother trees （ONMTs） of metasequoia, design far- sighted projects to protect the ONMTs and strictly implement and enforce the regulations or laws regarding the protection of meta- sequoia. The establishment and functions of the organization should meet the demands of protecting the ONMTs and developing metasequoias. The budget should support and the quality of the personnel assigned to this task should satisfy the protection and de- velopment of the ONMTs. We should also promote the complete protection of the ONMTs at the same time and strengthen the pro- tection and restoration of the ONMTs and their ecosystem in the Xiaohe valley, Lichuan County, Hubei Province, one of the natural concentration areas of ONMTs in the world. 2） A gene bank should be established for comprehensive protection of the genes of ex- isting original mother trees of metasequoia. 3） The key is to study the theoretical fundamentals of restoration and re-establishment of natural vegetation of metasequoia in the Xiaohe valley to harmonize the relation among environmental departments, forestry sectors, academies of sciences and other educational or research units, to carry out scientific research and strengthen academic exchanges to promote jointly the protection and utilization of metasequoia and other natural resources in China.

Pseudotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) W. C.

The White-berry Yew is indigenous to southern China,occurring in northern Guangdong,northern Guangxi,Hunan,southwest Jiangxi as well as in southerm and southwest Zhejiang Provinces.

Professor Cheng Lan's Experience in Treating Endometriosis

Endometriosis is one of the refractory and common disease in gynaecology, which the main manifestations are dysmenorrhea and infertility. Professor Cheng considers it's the deficiency-excess mixing illness whose pathological base is blood stasis and root is the deficiency of Yin and Yang, Qi and blood. So in terms of treatment, Professor Cheng praises highly the way of strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors. Strengthening the body resistance and expelling evil at the same time can achieve the purpose of treatment. In the adjustment of Yin and Yang ,Qi and blood, Professor Cheng attaches importance to treating middle burner. On the treatment of dysmenorrhea, Professor Cheng is able to capture xuefu zhuyu decoction and bazhen decoction and pays attention to menstrual cycle therapy. In addition, Professor Cheng often uses jingui wenjing decoction for infertility and re-understands the decoction by meridians theory and circular motion theory. Furthermore, Professor Cheng's treatment in reserving follicle, promoting ovulation and developing follicle is distinctive by traditional Chinese medicine.

Liaoning Cheng Da (Group) Co., Ltd.

The Liaoning Cheng Da (Group) Co., Ltd. is a large foreign trade company subsidiary of the Liaoning Knitwear and Home Textiles I/E Corp. It deals in 1,500 commodities under 11 categories including various knitwear garments and knitwear series products, hand towels, bath towels, bedsheets, sewing thread, polyester-knitted products, woollen sweaters, cashmere sweaters, cashmere garments and hats. They are well-received in the USA, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Premodern Intercultural Communication by Reanalyzing the Phrase“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”

Culture is fluid,not static.When one culture meets and blends with another,Westerm academic circles tend to use cultural hybridity to express a mixed state of culture.By reanalyzing the classic texts in relation to“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”,tracing the evolution of traditional medical ethics in history,and combining the knowledge of cultural hybridity,this paper suggests that cultural hybridity is not applicable to the discussion on the phenomenon of intercultural communication in the era before the rise of national states and modernity.A new discourse is needed to express intercultural integration,one that breaks through Western values and embodies the characteristics of Asian civilization.Civilization exchange and mutual learning can become the ideal model of intercultural communication under the background of the“Belt and Road Initiative”.

Ching-Yu Cheng:current status quo of population-based study on glaucoma

Introduction Dr.Ching-Yu Cheng(Figure 1)is currently an Associate Professor of the Academic Medicine Research Institute and the Academic Clinical Program for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences(Eye ACP)at Duke-NUS Graduate School of Medicine;and Department of Ophthalmology,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore.

Preliminary Study on Heavy Metal Pollution Status of Farmland Soil at Two Sides of Cheng-Guan Expressway

The heavy metal content of the farmland soil at two sides of Cheng-Guan Expressway is measured to make a preliminary evaluation on its heavy metal pollution status.After digestion and volume fixation of the soil samples collected,measure the Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb and Cr content with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and evaluate the measured data according to Level Two of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard to obtain the contamination status.Cu,Zn and Cd content of the farmland soil for sections of Cheng-Guan Expressway goes beyond Level Two of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard,while the Pb and Cr content meets Level Two of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard.Pb and Cr content of the farmland soil at two sides of Cheng-Guan Expressway is in safe state,while the Cu,Zn and Cd content is in a mild contamination state.Cu,Zn and Cd are the main pollution elements.