The case variable model is put forward by analyzing the system model and the IDEFO model. The component variables of the machining system are classified into four types, I. E uncontrolled variables, process variables,...The case variable model is put forward by analyzing the system model and the IDEFO model. The component variables of the machining system are classified into four types, I. E uncontrolled variables, process variables, controlled variables and output variables. The process of building the case base is given. The high-speedcutting data base system is developed based on the presented variable model.展开更多
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of t...Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of the immune response capacity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and CD4+T cell counts among suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases seeking healthcare at TB clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried between May 2011 and November 2013 in Coast General Referral Hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Mikandani districts and sub-districts hospitals. Methodology: A total of 500 suspected TB cases (271 males and 229 females) were screened for HIV infection using Trinity Biotech Uni-Gold<sup>TM</sup> test and positives confirmed with the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. CD4+ and CD8+T cells were analyzed using a BD FACS Count flow cytometer. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data of the participants. Results: In total, 127 (25.4%) of the suspects were HIV infected 55.1% females and 44.9% males. Females were significantly affected than males (OR = 0.78;95% CI: 0.44 - 1.37;p = 0.042). The majority (36.2%) of the HIV cases were in the 25 - 34 years age group followed by the 35 - 44 (33.9%), 45 - 54 (16.5%) and 18 - 24 (7.1%) age groups, respectively. Widowed (AOR = 6.14;95% CI: 1.53 - 20.54;p < 0.033), alcohol (AOR = 2.83;95% CI: 1.71 - 4.87;p < 0.001) and condom use (AOR = 2.31;95% CI: 1.62 = 4.71;p < 0.002) were risk factors associated with HIV infection. The mean CD4 cell count was 333.27 ± 150.59 cells/mm3 and it was higher in males (343.05 ± 149.33 cells/mm3) than females (325.93 ± 152.92 cells). The mean values of white blood cells (5.9 ± 2.42) × 109/l), packed cell value (34.1% ± 4.3%), platelets (195.16 ± 88.7) × 109/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (102.0 ± 17.4 mm/hr) were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection among suspected TB cases was 25.4% which was higher than the current national average HIV prevalence of 6.9%. Lower CD4+ lymphocyte count was found to be the only predicting factor for HIV. There was a significant relationship between CD4/ESR and HIV infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4(CTLA4)deficiency is a genetic defect that causes a common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)clinical phenotype.Several studies have reported an association between CTLA mutatio...BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4(CTLA4)deficiency is a genetic defect that causes a common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)clinical phenotype.Several studies have reported an association between CTLA mutations or variants and various autoimmune diseases.Targeted therapy models,which have become increasingly popular in recent years,have been successful in treating CTLA4 deficiency.In this article,we discuss the clinical outcomes of abatacept treatment in a patient with CTLA4 and lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor(LRBA)variants that was previously diagnosed with CVID.CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old female patient,who was visibly cachectic,visited our clinic over the course of five years,complaining of diarrhea.The patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in the centers she had visited previously,and various treatments were administered;however,clinical improvement could not be achieved.Severe hypokalemia was detected during an examination.Her serum immunoglobulin levels,CD19+B-cell percentage,and CD4/CD8 ratio were low.An endoscopic examination revealed erosive gastritis,nodular duodenitis,and pancolitis.Histopathological findings supported the presence of immune mediated enteropathy.When the patient was examined carefully,she was diagnosed with CVID,and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was initiated.Peroral and rectal therapeutic drugs including steroid therapy episodes were administered to treat the immune mediated enteropathy.Strict follow-ups and treatment were performed due to the hypokalemia.After conducting genetic analyses,the CTLA4 and LRBA variants were identified and abatacept treatment was initiated.With targeted therapy,the patient’s clinical and laboratory findings rapidly regressed,and there was an increase in weight.CONCLUSION The heterozygous CTLA4 variant identified in the patient has been previously shown to be associated with various autoimmune diseases.The successful clinical outcome of abatacept treatment in this patient supports the idea that this variant plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of the disease.In the presence of severe disease,abatacept therapy should be considered until further testing can be conducted.展开更多
Reducing the cost of offshore platform construction is an urgent issue for marginal oilfield development.The offshore oil well structure includes a riser and a surface casing.The riser,surface casing and oil well ceme...Reducing the cost of offshore platform construction is an urgent issue for marginal oilfield development.The offshore oil well structure includes a riser and a surface casing.The riser,surface casing and oil well cement can be considered special variable cross-section piles.Replacing or partially replacing the steel pipe pile foundation with a variable cross-section pile to provide the required bearing capacity for an offshore oil platform can reduce the cost of foundation construction and improve the economic efficiency of production.In this paper,the finite element analysis method is used to investigate the variable cross-section bearing mode of composite piles composed of a riser and a surface casing in saturated clay under a vertical load.The calculation formula of the bearing capacity at the variable section is derived based on the theory of spherical cavity expansion,the influencing factors of the bearing capacity coefficient N_(c) are revealed,and the calculation method of N_(c) is proposed.By comparing the calculation results with the results of the centrifuge test,the accuracy and applicability of the calculation method are verified.The results show that the riser composite pile has a rigid core in the soil under the variable cross-section,which increases the bearing capacity at the variable cross-section.展开更多
本文研究了各种级别Petri网与模态逻辑之间的关系.Petri网的Enlogy是研究这些关系的基础.状况(case)和可达(Reachability)概念已经成功地用于以条件/事件(Condition/Event,简称C/E)网作知识表示.本文引用上述两个概念,使位置/变迁(Place...本文研究了各种级别Petri网与模态逻辑之间的关系.Petri网的Enlogy是研究这些关系的基础.状况(case)和可达(Reachability)概念已经成功地用于以条件/事件(Condition/Event,简称C/E)网作知识表示.本文引用上述两个概念,使位置/变迁(Place/Transition,简称P/T)网和高级Petri网(High Level Petri Net,简称HLPN)可作知识表示.为了增强以 HLPN网作知识表示的能力,我们引用了状况变量和等价状况变量的概念.文中我们还以例子说明这些方法是可用的和有效的.展开更多
文摘The case variable model is put forward by analyzing the system model and the IDEFO model. The component variables of the machining system are classified into four types, I. E uncontrolled variables, process variables, controlled variables and output variables. The process of building the case base is given. The high-speedcutting data base system is developed based on the presented variable model.
文摘Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of the immune response capacity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and CD4+T cell counts among suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases seeking healthcare at TB clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried between May 2011 and November 2013 in Coast General Referral Hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Mikandani districts and sub-districts hospitals. Methodology: A total of 500 suspected TB cases (271 males and 229 females) were screened for HIV infection using Trinity Biotech Uni-Gold<sup>TM</sup> test and positives confirmed with the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. CD4+ and CD8+T cells were analyzed using a BD FACS Count flow cytometer. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data of the participants. Results: In total, 127 (25.4%) of the suspects were HIV infected 55.1% females and 44.9% males. Females were significantly affected than males (OR = 0.78;95% CI: 0.44 - 1.37;p = 0.042). The majority (36.2%) of the HIV cases were in the 25 - 34 years age group followed by the 35 - 44 (33.9%), 45 - 54 (16.5%) and 18 - 24 (7.1%) age groups, respectively. Widowed (AOR = 6.14;95% CI: 1.53 - 20.54;p < 0.033), alcohol (AOR = 2.83;95% CI: 1.71 - 4.87;p < 0.001) and condom use (AOR = 2.31;95% CI: 1.62 = 4.71;p < 0.002) were risk factors associated with HIV infection. The mean CD4 cell count was 333.27 ± 150.59 cells/mm3 and it was higher in males (343.05 ± 149.33 cells/mm3) than females (325.93 ± 152.92 cells). The mean values of white blood cells (5.9 ± 2.42) × 109/l), packed cell value (34.1% ± 4.3%), platelets (195.16 ± 88.7) × 109/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (102.0 ± 17.4 mm/hr) were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection among suspected TB cases was 25.4% which was higher than the current national average HIV prevalence of 6.9%. Lower CD4+ lymphocyte count was found to be the only predicting factor for HIV. There was a significant relationship between CD4/ESR and HIV infection.
文摘BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4(CTLA4)deficiency is a genetic defect that causes a common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)clinical phenotype.Several studies have reported an association between CTLA mutations or variants and various autoimmune diseases.Targeted therapy models,which have become increasingly popular in recent years,have been successful in treating CTLA4 deficiency.In this article,we discuss the clinical outcomes of abatacept treatment in a patient with CTLA4 and lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor(LRBA)variants that was previously diagnosed with CVID.CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old female patient,who was visibly cachectic,visited our clinic over the course of five years,complaining of diarrhea.The patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in the centers she had visited previously,and various treatments were administered;however,clinical improvement could not be achieved.Severe hypokalemia was detected during an examination.Her serum immunoglobulin levels,CD19+B-cell percentage,and CD4/CD8 ratio were low.An endoscopic examination revealed erosive gastritis,nodular duodenitis,and pancolitis.Histopathological findings supported the presence of immune mediated enteropathy.When the patient was examined carefully,she was diagnosed with CVID,and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was initiated.Peroral and rectal therapeutic drugs including steroid therapy episodes were administered to treat the immune mediated enteropathy.Strict follow-ups and treatment were performed due to the hypokalemia.After conducting genetic analyses,the CTLA4 and LRBA variants were identified and abatacept treatment was initiated.With targeted therapy,the patient’s clinical and laboratory findings rapidly regressed,and there was an increase in weight.CONCLUSION The heterozygous CTLA4 variant identified in the patient has been previously shown to be associated with various autoimmune diseases.The successful clinical outcome of abatacept treatment in this patient supports the idea that this variant plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of the disease.In the presence of severe disease,abatacept therapy should be considered until further testing can be conducted.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51825904)the National Science and Technology Major Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(Grant No.2016ZX05058004-005).
文摘Reducing the cost of offshore platform construction is an urgent issue for marginal oilfield development.The offshore oil well structure includes a riser and a surface casing.The riser,surface casing and oil well cement can be considered special variable cross-section piles.Replacing or partially replacing the steel pipe pile foundation with a variable cross-section pile to provide the required bearing capacity for an offshore oil platform can reduce the cost of foundation construction and improve the economic efficiency of production.In this paper,the finite element analysis method is used to investigate the variable cross-section bearing mode of composite piles composed of a riser and a surface casing in saturated clay under a vertical load.The calculation formula of the bearing capacity at the variable section is derived based on the theory of spherical cavity expansion,the influencing factors of the bearing capacity coefficient N_(c) are revealed,and the calculation method of N_(c) is proposed.By comparing the calculation results with the results of the centrifuge test,the accuracy and applicability of the calculation method are verified.The results show that the riser composite pile has a rigid core in the soil under the variable cross-section,which increases the bearing capacity at the variable cross-section.
文摘本文研究了各种级别Petri网与模态逻辑之间的关系.Petri网的Enlogy是研究这些关系的基础.状况(case)和可达(Reachability)概念已经成功地用于以条件/事件(Condition/Event,简称C/E)网作知识表示.本文引用上述两个概念,使位置/变迁(Place/Transition,简称P/T)网和高级Petri网(High Level Petri Net,简称HLPN)可作知识表示.为了增强以 HLPN网作知识表示的能力,我们引用了状况变量和等价状况变量的概念.文中我们还以例子说明这些方法是可用的和有效的.
