AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC...AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.展开更多
There were several sexual abuse cases in Taiwan where the defendants having committed child rapes either received light punishment or held not guilty.This led to the White Rose Movement in 2010,whereby the court decis...There were several sexual abuse cases in Taiwan where the defendants having committed child rapes either received light punishment or held not guilty.This led to the White Rose Movement in 2010,whereby the court decisions were criticized ruthlessly by people.Among those problematic court decisions with absurd reasoning,we have suspected that the legislative purpose of statutory rape and that of forcible rape applied to children and adults separately were mistakenly mixed.It resulted in the consent of intercourse becoming a legal constituent requirement taken into consideration in child rape cases.However,a child’s consent on sex is invalid in the U.S.laws.Since the child’s testimony was thought less creditable by some psychologists,Taiwan Residents courts have admitted the reports of defendant’s polygraph and child victim’s hymen tests to be presented in court to ensure the child’s credibility.This paper,thus,based on Taiwan’s judicial experience,aims to explore the child’s credibility of testimony from legal and forensic linguistic aspects and to present an assessing method for reference.展开更多
文摘AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.
文摘There were several sexual abuse cases in Taiwan where the defendants having committed child rapes either received light punishment or held not guilty.This led to the White Rose Movement in 2010,whereby the court decisions were criticized ruthlessly by people.Among those problematic court decisions with absurd reasoning,we have suspected that the legislative purpose of statutory rape and that of forcible rape applied to children and adults separately were mistakenly mixed.It resulted in the consent of intercourse becoming a legal constituent requirement taken into consideration in child rape cases.However,a child’s consent on sex is invalid in the U.S.laws.Since the child’s testimony was thought less creditable by some psychologists,Taiwan Residents courts have admitted the reports of defendant’s polygraph and child victim’s hymen tests to be presented in court to ensure the child’s credibility.This paper,thus,based on Taiwan’s judicial experience,aims to explore the child’s credibility of testimony from legal and forensic linguistic aspects and to present an assessing method for reference.
