Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices assessment during two cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them were between 20 and 29 years old. One for knowledge (cooking thoroughly with, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.

Food Frequency Questionnaire for Chinese Children Aged 12-17 Years: Validity and Reliability

Objective The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) among Chinese children aged 12-17 years. Methods A semi-quantitative 72-food item FFQ was developed for children aged 12-17 years. The reliability and validity of this FFQ were evaluated against 24-h dietary recalls(24 h DRs) to measure the consumption of foods and nutrients. We administered two FFQs and three DRs to children(N = 160) over a period of 1 month to evaluate the reliability and validity. Reliability was examined by quartile agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs), and validity was examined by quartile agreement, Bland-Altman plots and correlation with DRs. Results For reliability, the ICCs between the two FFQs ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 for foods and nutrients, and the quartile agreement ranged from 70.0% to 95.0% in the same or adjacent quartiles. Spearman’s correlation coefficients of foods and nutrients between the second FFQ and the 24 h DRs ranged from-0.04 to 0.59. The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement across the range of intakes among nutrients. The quartile agreement ranged from 50.0% to 100.0%, with infrequent misclassification. Conclusion The FFQ assessment of dietary intakes demonstrated acceptable relative validity and high reproducibility for Chinese children aged 12-17 years.

The Effects of Using Color Foods of Children on Immunity Properties and Liver, Kidney on Rats

Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It is causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effect of using color foods (Color fruit juice for 6 - 12 hr. Tomato ketchup potato chips (TKPC) color sweet and color chocolate at low (15%) and high (30%)) concentration on serum biochemical, WBC (white blood cell)and histopathology of liver and kidney of rats for 13 week. The results indicated that no significant change in body weight gain, serum glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol. TKPC (30%) showed that significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG). Low and high concentration of color chocolate and color sweet was exhibited significant increase of TG. The level of ALT and AST was significant increase of rat’s administration color fruit juice (for 12 hr.) and TKPC at 30%. High concentration of color foods and long time administration of color fruit juice showed significant increase in serum creatinine and albumin compared to control group. Both low and high consumed of color foods exhibited significant decrease in liver GSH. High concentration of color foods lead to increase number of WBC as the result to the response of the immune system to the inflammation. Color foods were reveled change in histological structure of liver and kidney. In conclusion, the use synthetic color in various foods has adverse effect on some of biochemical analysis;and the liver and kidney histopathological structure.

Effects of Nutrient Fortified Complementary Food Supplements on Anemia of Infants and Young Children in Poor Rural of Gansu

Objective To assess the effectiveness of complementary food supplements with protein and multi-micronutrients on hemoglobin and anemia in infants and young children. Methods In 5 poor counties of Gansu, 984 children aged 6-12 months were enrolled and divided into two groups. In addition to the usual home-made complementary food, all the children were fed one sachet of either Formula Ⅰ or Formula Ⅱ supplements each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in Formula Ⅰ, while the same energy intake was secured in Formula Ⅱ as in Formula Ⅰ. A massive dose of vitamin A was supplemented to all the children every 6 months. Hemoglobin test was done at the same time. Results Prevalence of anemia was about 35% in both Formula Ⅰ and Formula Ⅱ group at baseline, and there were no differences in hemoglobin concentration between the two groups, During the 6-month and 12-month supplementation, hemoglobin of children in Formula Ⅰ group was higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）, and hemoglobin increase in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly higher than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.001）. After 6- and 12-mouth supplementation, the prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group dropped to 19.1% and 8.2% respectively, and it was 28.0% and 12.4% in Formula 2 group. The prevalence of anemia in Formula Ⅰ group was significantly lower than that in Formula Ⅱ group （P〈0.05）. After adjusting age and hemoglobin level at baseline, the hemoglobin increase at age of 24 months in formula 1 group was higher （10.7 g/L vs 7.9 g/L, P〈0.0001）. Conclusion Micronutrient fortified complementary food supplements, with large-dose vitamin A, is effective for children aged 6-12 months in terms of iron deficiency prevention.

Relationship of Mothers’ Food Preferences and Attitudes with Children’s Preferences

Because early childhood is the most important time for establishing eating habits, controlling the likes and dislikes of children is significant. This study investigated the relationship between mothers’ food preferences as well as their attitudes toward food and their children’s preferences. A questionnaire was answered by 244 mothers of children aged 3-5 years who attended a private kindergarten in Japan. The mothers were asked questions relating to their own current food preferences and those during their childhoods, their eating and cooking habits, and the likes and dislikes of their children. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relative importance of mothers’ preferences and habits for their children’s likes and dislikes. The children’s preferences were significantly related to their mothers’ likes and dislikes during childhood, rather than to their current preferences, and to the children’s breakfast times during holidays and the frequency with which the mothers used takeout meals. This suggests that mothers’ likes and dislikes during childhood and their food habits affect their children’s preferences. Therefore, to improve children’s food preferences, mothers may need to improve their food habits and consider their own food preferences during childhood.

Availability, Accessibility and Contribution of Infant Flours to the Diet of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Benin

This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional survey based on food ethnography methods was used. A total of 61 marketplaces were visited in seven towns and rural districts as part of the availability and affordability survey, while 400 children (aged 6 to 59 months) were surveyed to track the uses of infant flours at the household level. The results obtained reveal that pre-manufactured infant flour is sold more in urban areas (Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou) than in rural ones. The average infant flours price did not vary (p = 0.985) in any given year (regardless of abundance or lean periods) nor does it vary (p = 0.133) from one point of sale to another (drugstore or supermarkets). However, the average price is found to be expensive considering the purchasing power of the households surveyed. On the other hand, the amount of ingredients used in the production of the flour types found on the market complies with the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius, unlike the homemade ones. Pre-manufactured infant flour is found to be outside of the economic reach of most households (92%) who rely heavily on the homemade ones to feed their children. In light of the above, public authorities should help improve geographic access and pricing affordability to quality infant flour for low-income households in urban and remote areas. Moreover, awareness should be raised among mothers relative to the importance of complementary feeding through education on good nutrition practices.

Management of HIV in Children Using a Bovine Colostrum-Based Food Product— An Observational Field Study

Aim: Malnutrition increases the severity and mortality of HIV infection. Therefore, this field study was started and aimed to provide a major cohort of HIV-infected children with the colostrum-based food product ColoPlus (ColoPlus AB, Malm&ouml;, Sweden) and to investigate the effects of ColoPlus on the nutritional status and immunological capacity of children including tolerability and safety of the product. Methods: In this major field program comprising 850 malnourished HIV positive children, 50 grams of ColoPlus was administrated for 4 weeks as the first meal in selected health facilities in Northern Uganda. Forty-eight of these children (8 months - 14 years of age) were recruited into a descriptive prospective study and were followed for 12 weeks. At the start (week 0) and at weeks 4, 8 and 12, CD4+ cell counts, serum albumin and hemoglobin were analyzed. The remaining 802 patients were observed to register safety and tolerability of ColoPlus. Results: There was a general improvement of wellbeing of the children with increased body weight and decreased fatigue. In the descriptive study of the 48 children, there was a significant rise of the CD4+ values at week 4 (+15.4% ± 2.8%, p = 0.0001) compared to week 0, and at week 8 (+39.1% ± 3.9%, p < 0.0001), but a return towards the 0-values at week 12 (+2.1%, ±2.8%, NS). Hemoglobin and serum albumin showed an almost similar trend. ColoPlus was well tolerated by all the 850 children and no side effects or adverse events were seen. Conclusion: These results show that addition of a colostrum-based food product to the daily diet is beneficial in HIV-positive malnourished children. An improvement in nutritional status as well as in immune capacity was seen. These effects were prolonged and remained at least 4 weeks after cessation of ColoPlus administration.

慢性迁延性腹泻儿童食物过敏的特征分析

目的:分析慢性迁延性腹泻儿童食物过敏的特征。方法:选取2017年2月—2023年2月北京丰台医院收治的75例慢性迁延性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿进行14种食物过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白(IgE)抗体检测,进行常规饮食指导,随访并逐年记录过敏情况。结果:<1岁的患儿中,14种食物过敏原特异性IgE抗体均存在阳性情况,阳性率前3位依次为牛奶(81.8%)、蛋类(60.0%)及大米(30.9%);≥1岁的患儿中,存在除猪肉之外的13种食物过敏原特异性IgE抗体阳性情况,阳性率前3位依次为牛奶(75.0%)、蛋类(60.0%)、大米与大豆(30.0%,并列第3)。≥1岁的患儿西红柿、大豆、蘑菇、玉米、虾、蟹、鳕鱼食物过敏原特异性IgE抗体阳性率高于<1岁的患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。75例患儿经1~2年的随访,均对过敏食物耐受。结论:慢性迁延性腹泻儿童与多种食物过敏有关,食物过敏原特异性IgE抗体是诊断的重要指标之一,临床应给予患儿高度关注及饮食指导。

中国儿童青少年经常消费的7类预包装零食钠含量分析

目的 分析中国儿童青少年经常消费的7类预包装零食的钠含量,为儿童及家长选择健康的零食提供依据。方法 采用食先知中国2017—2020年食品数据,根据英国红绿灯标准评估7类预包装零食钠含量处于低(绿灯)、中(黄灯)、高(红灯)水平的比例。计算每份零食的钠含量及其占4~6岁、7~10岁和≥11岁人群每日推荐钠摄入量的百分比。结果 7类预包装零食共计35 498个,每100 g零食中钠含量中位数从高到低依次为植物蛋白质食物(1125 mg)、即食肉和水产制品(1100 mg)、膨化食品(523 mg)、坚果和籽类(292 mg)、烘焙制品(222 mg)、乳及乳制品(65 mg)及即食果蔬制品(44 mg)。钠含量属于绿灯、黄灯和红灯水平的零食分别占30.2%、37.7%和32.1%。每份零食钠含量占11岁及以上儿童青少年每日推荐钠摄入量的比例较高的前3位分别是植物蛋白质食品(28.1%)、即食肉和水产制品(16.5%)和膨化食品(10.5%)。结论 儿童青少年经常消费的7类预包装零食的钠含量存在较大差异,钠含量最高的3类零食分别是植物蛋白质零食、即食肉和水产制品及膨化食品。社会各方有必要采取措施引导儿童和家庭选择健康零食。

家长对儿童食物过敏的认知水平调查

目的了解家长对儿童食物过敏的认知水平,为儿童食物过敏的临床管理提供依据。方法针对儿童食物过敏设计调查问卷,单选题及多选题总计37项,内容包括病因、症状识别、诊断和临床管理等。分别于2021年11月和2022年5月通过网络面向家长发放问卷二维码,回收问卷后由专人整理,进行统计分析。结果共回收有效问卷505份。症状识别上,对湿疹、荨麻疹、呼吸困难、揉眼/揉鼻、呕吐、腹泻、粘液便、生长迟缓等症状的选择比例过半,最高达79.41%;肛周皮疹、反流、厌食选择比例偏低(33.47%~35.45%)。超过半数了解常见高过敏性食物包含的具体内容,90.00%以上知道海鲜、牛奶、鸡蛋是常见过敏性食物。诱发食物过敏因素选题中,辅食添加过早、抗生素应用的选择率超45.00%,20.99%选择辅食添加过晚。食物过敏诊断中,皮肤点刺试验、血清特异性IgE和食物回避-激发试验选择率分别为54.46%、74.65%和71.49%,但仍有67.92%和35.84%选择血清特异性IgG和外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增高。饮食管理上,替代配方选择、母乳喂养的配方粉选择、辅食添加时机等的正确率过半,最高83.37%。调查对象的年龄及学历并不影响答题合格率(P>0.05),本人或家人有食物过敏性疾病的调查对象在回答常见过敏食物识别、过敏临床管理类题目时正确率较高,反向答案症状识别类题目正确率低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值介于4.48~42.80之间,P<0.05)。结论家长对儿童食物过敏的症状识别、诊断、临床管理有较好的认知,但在如IgG检测、低敏配方时长等方面认识有待提高,应避免造成过度诊断及过度饮食限制而影响儿童的生长发育。

儿童酱料包装创新设计研究——以海天味业产品为例

调味品在我们的饮食生活中扮演着重要的角色。我国的百年老字号品牌海天味业,凭借工艺讲究、口感醇厚等优势,一直领先同侪,且知名度颇高。但在儿童酱料包装上,该品牌产品没有一套完备的包装体系。儿童酱料包装可通过造型改造、品牌IP形象设计、包装标签可撕拉设计、纸浆模塑技术,使其具有一定的生态性、趣味性、互动性,强化人性化设计。

婴幼儿辅助食品中配料和膳食补充成分对酪蛋白磷酸肽持钙能力的影响

比较研究婴幼儿辅助食品中肉类、果蔬和谷物等配料以及维生素和蛋白质等膳食补充成分,对三种酪蛋白磷酸肽产品持钙能力强弱的影响。研究结果表明,大米和小麦对婴幼儿辅助食品中酪蛋白磷酸肽的持钙能力有一定的不良影响,但大米和小麦添加量在50%~85%的范围未显著改变酪蛋白磷酸肽的持钙能力。添加3%以上的肉类和果蔬类配料的添加量显著降低了酪蛋白磷酸肽的持钙能力。20 mg/kg的烟酰胺降低了酪蛋白磷酸肽的持钙能力,而其它维生素、乳清蛋白和大豆蛋白则未对其产生显著影响。进一步分析发现,肉类配料中脂肪和蛋白质以及果蔬类配料中的酚类化合物可能是影响酪蛋白磷酸肽持钙能力的关键因素。本文对于明确婴幼儿辅助食品中影响酪蛋白磷酸肽持钙能力的因素,使其更好地发挥功效具有一定的指导意义。

儿童食品包装智能化体验设计初探

文章通过发掘儿童对食品包装的真实情感需求,结合智能技术,探讨包装的体验环节,以有效增强儿童对食品的交互体验及家长的操作便捷程度。文章分析国内外儿童食品智能化包装设计案例,从结构、材料、数字三方面提出相应的儿童食品包装智能化体验设计方法。基于智能化体验因素的儿童食品包装设计,在满足儿童情感需求的同时,有效加强了食品包装与儿童以及亲子间的互动,可以达成深层感性认知与理性思考。

1701例儿童血清过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分析

目的了解上海西南地区儿童过敏原过敏情况,为该地区儿童过敏性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供参考依据。方法选取2019年12月至2022年8月在该院就诊且疑患过敏的0~6岁1701例儿童作为研究对象。采用荧光酶免疫法检测血清过敏原总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)和特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体水平。分析血清过敏原sIgE分布情况,比较不同过敏原致敏的相关性。结果粉尘螨阳性率最高[49.2%(414/841)],其次依次为屋尘螨[48.6%(409/841)]、牛奶[43.5%(366/841)]、鸡蛋白[36.7%(309/841)]和混合真菌[16.4%(138/841)];男童上述过敏原阳性率均高于女童;吸入性过敏原阳性率随年龄增长而升高,食物过敏原致敏大多数发生在婴幼儿早期;吸入性过敏原血清sIgE水平高于食物过敏原。屋尘螨与粉尘螨、蟹和虾均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论螨、牛奶、鸡蛋白是上海西南地区儿童的主要过敏原;男童比女童更易过敏;相似属性过敏原之间相关性更强,吸入性过敏原与食物过敏原也有关联。

四缝放血对食积患儿睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析食积患儿使用四缝放血疗法的作用。方法:选取2023年1月至2023年6月漳州市中医院收治的食积患儿60例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组接受常规的西医治疗,观察组予以四缝放血疗法,比较2组疗效。结果:治疗后,对照组各种症状消失时间均高于观察组(P<0.05);对照组治疗总有效率明显低于观察组(P<0.05);观察组的睡眠质量存在明显提升(P<0.05);对照组各项中医证候评分均高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论:食积患儿使用四缝放血疗法可发挥出极高疗效,可显著改善患儿的睡眠质量,具有重要的临床应用价值。

食物特异性IgG抗体在儿童常见慢性疾病中的临床意义

目的分析食物特异性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体检测在儿童常见慢性疾病中的作用。方法选取2021年1月至12月于新余市妇幼保健院皮肤科、儿童保健科、中医科、儿科就诊的200例患儿为研究对象,选取同期健康者200例,作为健康对照组,检测研究对象血清中14种食物特异性IgG抗体,并分析检测结果。结果172例检测到食物特异性IgG阳性升高,总阳性率为86.00%(172/200);各项检测结果显示牛奶、鸡蛋、小麦的特异性IgG阳性率最高;另外除鳕鱼外,其余各种食物均以引起IgG浓度升高,为轻度敏感病例为主,中度敏感、高度敏感较少;男女患儿例数占比分别为50.50%、49.50%,IgG阳性百分比居前3位的为牛奶、鸡蛋、小麦,其中男性患儿虾的IgG阳性百分比高于女性患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余牛肉、鸡肉等食物不同性别间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在172例特异性IgG阳性患者中,消化系统、皮肤系统疾病的阳性患者占比最多,分别为90.63%、92.39%;患儿组的14种食物血清特异性IgG抗体浓度均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食物特异性IgG抗体检测在儿童常见慢性疾病中有着较高价值,为一些慢性疾病的治疗提供了新思路。

儿童青少年回避性/限制性摄食障碍:评估与治疗

进食障碍治疗成本高,且发病率逐年增高,与其他精神障碍相比,死亡风险也较高。回避性/限制性摄食障碍作为较新的一类进食障碍,相比其他年龄群体在儿童青少年群体中更易出现,影响儿童青少年正常生长发育和社会心理功能。目前,国外研究较多,国内研究尚处于起始阶段。因此,本文对儿童青少年回避性/限制性摄食障碍评估工具、影响因素和治疗方式进行综述,以期为国内开展相关研究提供借鉴。

Is Individually-Targeted Food Assistance Shared among Family Members?

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) share a common goal of helping people with limited financial means obtain better diets than they could otherwise afford, but the programs differ in terms of the groups that they target and the types of assistance they provide. While the programs appear to increase food consumption among households generally and among their intended beneficiaries, we know much less about whether they help other people. This investigation uses 2002-2003 data from the second Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the relationship between households’ participation in the SNAP, SBP, NLSP, and WIC and individual 10 - 17 year-old children’s consumption of particular food items. Our analyses indicate that WIC participation by others in the household is associated with a 22 percent increase in breakfast consumption of milk and a 16 percent increase in breakfast consumption of cereal for the children in our sample, while WIC is associated with a 13 percent decrease in toast consumption. Participation in school meals is also associated with increased consumption of some foods, particularly juice, fruit, and sweet snacks. Household SNAP participation is estimated to have positive associations with some foods but negative associations with others.

Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease in Brazilian healthy preschool children

AIM To investigate the prevalence of nutritional parameters of risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and kidney diseases in healthy preschool children.METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study with 60 healthy children, of both genders, aged two to six years old and 56 mothers, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Preschool children and their families with regular activities at public schools were invited to paticipate in the study. The following characteristics were assessed: Socio-demographic condictions, clinical health, anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle and data on food consumption. The 56 healthy children were divided into two groups, overweight(C1) and non-overweight(C2), as well as their mothers, respectively, in overweight(M1) and non-overweight(M2). Nutritional status was defined according to results obtained through the Anthro? Software for nutritional analysis. RESULTS Thirty-five children were male, with mean age of 4.44 ± 1.0 years old. Eighty-nine percent of them were eutrophic, 86.7% were sedentary and they had five meals a day. Body mass index(BMI) for age and total cholesterol(TC) was higher on C1(P = 0.0001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) was higher on C2. Mothers were 32.5 ± 7.1 years old, mostly married and employed. Eighty-six percent of them were sedentary and 62.5% were overweight with BMI = 26.38 ± 5.07 kg/m2. Eighteen percent of the overweight mothers had isolated total hypercholesterolemia(TC levels elevated) and 12.5% had low HDL-c levels. The present study showed an association between overweight and obesity during the preschool years and the correspondent mothers' nutritional status of overweight and obesity(OR = 4.96; 95%CI: 0.558-44.17). There was a positive correlation between the food risk associated with CVD by children and mothers when their consumption was 4 times/wk(P = 0.049; r = 0.516) or daily(P = 0.000008; r = 0.892).CONCLUSION Analyzed children showed high rates of physical inactivity, high serum cholesterol levels and high consumption of food associated with risk for CVD and renal disease. Changes in habits should be encouraged early in kindergarten.

儿童食品市场现状分析及其法律监管

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,儿童食品市场迅猛发展,市场规模不断扩大,但是行业内部各种乱象已经引起了社会的广泛关注。通过分析儿童食品市场的现状,明确儿童食品法律概念不清晰、监管标准缺失、市场准入门槛虚设及相关监管法律和主体缺位是儿童食品市场无序发展的重要原因,在此基础上提出明确法律定义、制定监管标准、弥补法律空白等建议,以期实现对儿童食品市场的有效法律监管,为儿童的健康成长保驾护航。