Seasonal Dynamics of Energy Return Through Litterfall of A Mixed Forest of Chinese Fir and T. odorum

Based on the measurement of monthly litterfall and their gross calor ic values, the seasonal dynamics of energy return through litterfall were determ ined in a pure and a mixed T. odorum (Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun) forests with Ch inese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) in Sanming, Fujian Provinc e. Annual ene rgy return through litterfall was estimated as 12.648×10 6J·m -2 for the mixed fo rest, being 4 2% higher than that of the pure forest, and a large proportion of the energy return comprised leaf litter. The conversion efficiency of solar rad i ation energy into litterfall was 0 56% for mixed forest and 0 54% for pure for es t, respectively. The monthly energy flux in litterfall of Chinese fir showed a t hree-apex curve, peaked in March, August and December, respectively, which was s imilar to that in various fractions of leaf, twig, flower and fruit litter. The consistency in monthly patterns among different litter fractions of Chinese fir was attributed to their solid connections all the while. The monthly energy flux in litterfall of T. odorum culminated in January, May and August, the same was true for its leaf and twig litter. However, energy flux in flower litter only oc curred during March to May and that in fruit litter appeared in January and Marc h. The monthly dynamics of energy flux through litterfall of the two forests wer e both determined by their respective litterfall pattern of Chinese fir. Seasona l energy flux in litterfall for both mixed and pure forests followed the sequenc e of spring>winter>summer>autumn, but fluctuations in the former were less disti nct than those in the latter.

Effect of Mixed Forests of Chinese Fir and Tsoong's Tree on Soil Properties

An investigation and on 13 year old (1984～1996) Chinese fir and Tsoong's tree mixed forests in Jianou City, Fujian Province, China was carried out to compare the influences of different interplanting types of individual tree tree, row row, row strip (three rows) and pure Chinese fir stands on soil properties. Compared with the pure stands of Chinese fir, the mixed stands exerted a positive effect on soil fertility, with increases in soil organic matter, total N, available P and available K. Moreover, improvements were also observed in soil enzymatic activities, aggregate structure, structure stability, status of soil porosity, soil aeration and penetrability in mixed stands. The row row interplanted stands had the best effect on tree growth and soil properties among these mixed forests. In the southern subtropical region, the spreading of the row row mixing model of the two tree species would be helpful to preventing the soil from fertility deterioration caused by successive plantation of Chinese fir.

Effect of Slash Burning on Nutrient Removal and Soil Fertility in Chinese Fir and Evergreen Broadleaved Forests of Mid-Subtropical China

A Chinese fir forest (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and an evergreen broadleaved forest (EB) located inFujian Province, southeastern China, were examined following slash burning to compare nutrient capital andtopsoil properties with pre-burn levels. After fire, nutrient (N, P and K) removal from burning residues wasestimated at 302.5 kg ha-1 in the CF and 644.8 kg ha-1 in the EB. Fire reduced the topsoil capitals of totalN and P by about 20% and 10%, respectively, in both forests, while K capital was increased in the topsoils ofboth forests following fire. Total site nutrient loss through surface erosion was 28.4 kg (N) ha-1, 8.4 kg (P)ha-1 and 328.7 kg (K) ha-1 in the CF. In the EB, the losses of total N, P and K were 58.5, 10.5 and 396.3kg ha-1, respectively. Improvement of soil structure and increase in mineralization of nutrients associatedwith increased microbe number and enzyme activities and elevated soil respiration occurred 5 days after fire.However, organic matter and available nutrient contents and most of other soil parameters declined one yearafter fire on the burned CF and EB topsoils. These results suggest that short-term site productivity canbe stimulated immediately, but reduced subsequently by soil and water losses, especially in South China,where high-intensity precipitation, steep slopes and fragile soil can be expected. Therefore, the silviculturalmeasurements should be developed in plantation management.

Soil C and N Pools in Chinese Fir and Evergreen Broadleaf Forests and their Changes with Slash Burning in Mid-Subtropical China

Soil organic carbon （C） and total nitrogen （N） pools of a Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） （CF） forest, and an evergreen broadleaf （EB） forest located in mid-subtropical, southeastern China, were compared before clearcutting, with the effect of slash burning on organic C and total N in the top 10 cm of soil before and after burning also being evaluated. Prior to clearcutting CF forest had significantly lower （P 〈0.05） organic C and total N in the soil （0-100 cm） compared to EB forest with approximately 60% of the C and N at the two forest sites stored at the 0 to 40 cm soil. In post-burn samples of the 0-10 cm depth at 5 days, 1 year, and 5 years for CF and EB forests, significantly lower levels （P 〈0.05） of organic C and total N than those in the pre-burn samples were observed. Compared to the pre-burn levels, at post-burn year 5, surface soil organic C storage was only 85% in CF forest and 72% in EB forest, while total N storage was 77% for CF forest and 73% for EB forest. Slash burning caused marked long-term changes in surface soil C and N in the two forest types.

Effect of temperature on soil respiration in a Chinese fir forest

Soil samples collected from the surface soil （0-10 cm） in an 88-year-old Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） forest in Nanping Fujian, China were incubated for 90 days at the temperatures of 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃ in laboratory. The soil CO2 evolution rates were measured at the incubation time of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days. The results showed that CO2 evolution rates of soil samples varied significantly with incubation time and temperature during the incubation period. Mean CO2 evolution rate and cumulative amount of CO2 evolution from soil were highest at 35℃, followed by those at 25℃, and 15℃. Substantial differences in CO2 evolution rate were found in Q10 values calculated for the 2nd and 90th day of incubation. The Q10 value for the average CO2 evolution rate was 2.0 at the temperature range of 15-25℃, but it decreased to 1.2 at 25 35℃. Soil CO2 evolution rates decreased with the incubation time. The cumulative mineralized C at the end of incubation period （on the 90th day） was less than 10% of the initial C amounts prior to incubation.

Comparative study on active soil organic matter in Chinese fir plantation and native broad-leaved forest in subtropical China

Active soil organic matter (ASOM) has a main effect on biochemical cycles of soil nutrient elements such as N, P and S, and the quality and quantity of ASOM reflect soil primary productivity. The changes of ASOM fractions and soil nutrients in the first rotation site and the second rotation site of Chinese fir plantation and the native broad-leaved forest were investigated and analyzed by soil sampling at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology (at latitude 26°48′N and longitude 109°30′E under a subtropical climate conditions), Chinese Academy of Sciences in March, 2004. The results showed that values of ASOM fractions for the Chinese fir plantations were lower than those for the broad-leaved forest. The contents of easily oxidisable carbon (EOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) for the first rotation of Chinese fir plantation were 35.9%, 13.7%, 87.8% and 50.9% higher than those for the second rotation of Chinese fir plantation, and were 15.8%, 47.3%, 38.1% and 30.2% separately lower than those for the broad-leaved forest. For the three investigated forest sites, the contents of MBC and WSOC had a larger decrease, followed by WSC, and the change of EOC was least. Moreover, soil physico-chemistry properties such as soil nutrients in Chinese fir plantation were lower than those in broad-leaved forest. It suggested that soil fertility declined after Chinese fir plantation replaced native broad-leaved forest through continuous artificial plantation.

THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF CHINESE FIR AND MACCLURE MICHELIA MIXED FOREST

Based on the theory of forest burning link, the combustibility of the 6-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and macclure michelia (Michelia macclurei) mixed forest was determined in Youxi County, Fujian Province from 1988 to 1989. The results show that the daily mean moisture in the forest, moisture content of litter and the water reserves of the stand in mixed forest are 3%, 7.6% and 46.8% higher than that in pure stand respectively, the inflammables quantity and energy ratios of the stand biomass and total potential energy in mixed stand are 8.5% and 3.69% lower than that in pure stand respectively. Mixed forest can decrease the combustibility of stand.

Stability of soil organic carbon changes in successive rotations of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook) plantations

The importance of soil organic carbon （SOC） under forests in the global carbon cycle depends on the stability of the soil carbon and its availability to soil microbial biomass. We investigated the effects of successive rotations of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook） plantations on the stability of SOC and its availability to microbes by adopting the two-step hydrolysis with H2SO4 and density fractionation. The results showed that successive rotations of Chinese fir decreased the quantity of total SOC, recalcitrant fraction, and carbohydrates in Labile Pool I （LPI）, and microbial properties evidently, especially at 0-10 cm horizon. However, cellulose included in Labile Pool Ⅱ （LP Ⅱ） and the cellulose/total carbohydrates ratio increased in successive rotations of Chinese fir. The noncellulose of carbohydrates included in LPI maybe highly available to soil microbial biomass. Hence the availability of SOC to microbial biomass declined over the successive rotations. Although there was no significant change in recalcitrance of SOC over the successive rotations of Chinese fir, the percentage of heavy fraction to total SOC increased, suggesting that the degree of physical protection for SOC increased and SOC became more stable over the successive rotations. The degradation of SOC quality in successive rotation soils may be attributed to worse environmental conditions resulted from disturbance that related to ＂slash and burn＂ site preparation. Being highly correlated with soil microbial properties, the cellulose/total carbohydrates ratio as an effective indicator of changes in availability of SOC to microbial biomass brought by management practices in forest soils.

Optimum stand density of Chinese pine forests in Taihang limestone mountains, Shanxi Province

Data analysis was made for 54 stands of Chinese pine forests for soil and water conservation and timber. The regression equations were drawn up on forest density and different rafter timber and bush coverage.Based on those equations, the number of rafter timber trees, storage, number of non-raffer timber trees, stand volume and the output value were calculated for six different forest densities ranged from 1250 to 6600 trees/hm2.According to the economic and ecological criteria, the optimum density for Chinese pine forests was determined as 1 650 trees/hm2.

Composition and properties of soil humus in a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum

This study was conducted in Xinkou Experimental Forestry Farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Sanming, Fujian Province in January 1999. Taking pure stand of Chinese fir as control, the authors measured and studied the content of organic carbon, content of humic acid (HA), ratio of HA to fulvic acid (FA), and the characteristics of infrared light spectrum and visible light spectrum of soil humus in the mixed forest of Chinese fir and Tsoong?tree. Compared to humus composition in the pure stand of Chinese fir, the content of soil organic C, HA content, and the E4 value of HA for different layers of soil, except for the ratio of HA to FA, showed a significant increase in the mixed forest, while the ratios of E4 to E6 had a little decrease. The infrared light spectrum of humic acid had an absorptive peak at 1650 cm-1. It is concluded that the levels of humification and aromaticity of soil humus are higher in the mixed forest, which is favorable for the improvement of soil structure and nutrient supply, thus improving the soil fertility to a certain degree.

Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of fine roots in a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum

From September 1999 to July 2000, N and P concentrations of fine roots were measured with the method of sequential soil core at bimonthly intervals in a mixed forest of Tsoong's tree (Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) in Sanming, Fujian. The results showed that N, P concentration of Chinese fir and Tsoong's tree in fine roots were negatively related to root diameter size. The concentrations of N and P in living roots and dead roots were compared. The order of N concentration in fine roots in different samples was Tsoong's tree>undergrowth>Chinese fir, while that of P was undergrowth>Tsoong's tree>Chinese fir. For Chinese fir, the seasonal change of N, P concentrations in fine roots with various diameter classes showed a single-apex curve with a maximum in September. For Tsoong's tree, maximized concentration of N in fine roots appeared in July or September and maximized P concentration in May.

Changes in Soil Carbon Pools Induced by Substitution of Plantation for Native Forest

Changes in soil carbon pools under Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) andbamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantations substituted for a native forest (Quercus acutissima,Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cas-tanopsis sclerophylla, Platycarya strobilacea, Lithocarpus glaber) werestudied on the hills with acid parent rock and soils classified as red soils (Ferrisols) in Huzhou,Zhejiang Province of east China. It was found that total soil organic carbon (TSOC), easilyoxidisable carbon (EOC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) under bamboo plantation wereincreased, but microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was decreased. On the contrary, Chinese fir induceddeclines of all fractions of C including TSOC, EOC, WSOC and MBC. The percentages of the activefractions of soil C (EOC and WSOC) were increased in the plantations as compared to the nativebroad-leaved forest, but proportions of soil organic C as MBC were decreased. It could be concludedthat bamboo plantation had a great ability of not only fixing C but also accelerating soil C poolcycle, improving nutrient and microorganism activity; therefore, it is a good ecosystem and could berecommended for wide development. Chinese fir would shrink the soil C pool and deteriorate soilbiological fertility, so it did not benefit CO2 fixing and land sustainable utilization.

Soil Biological Changes for a Natural Forest and Two Plantations in Subtropical China

Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical China.To evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in topsoils (0-10 cm)were quantified in two 33-year-old monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (CK) and Cunninghamia lanceolata Lamb. (Chinese fir) (CF), and compared to a neighboring relict natural C. kawakamii forest (NF), in Sanming,Fujian. Five soil samples were collected once each in January, April, July, September and November in 2000 in each forest for laboratory analysis. Over the sampling year, there were significant differences for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes between forests and between seasons (P ＜ 0.05). The largest bacteria and fungi populations were in NF, while CF contained the greatest number of actinomycetes. There were also significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) with microbial respiration for forests and seasons. Additionally, compared with NF, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05)in CK and CF. Also, the correlations of soil hydrolysable N and available P to soil microbial and enzymatic activities were highly significant (P ＜ 0.01). Thus, to alter the traditional Chinese fir monoculture so as to mimic the natural forest conditions, managing mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaf trees or conducting crop rotation of conifers and broadleaf trees as well as minimizing forest disturbances like clear-cutting, slash burning and soil preparing, could be utilized.

Patterns and driving factors of leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry in two forest types with different stand ages in a mid-subtropical zone

Background:Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry is a key indicator of nutrient utilization in plants,and C/N/P ratios are related to the life histories and adaptation strategies of tree species.However,no consensus has been reached on how leaf stoichiometric characteristics are affected by forest type and stand ages.The relationships between leaf stoichiometry and geographical,meteorological,and soil factors also remain poorly understood.Methods:Leaf and soil were sampled from forest stands of different age groups(young,middle-aged,near-mature,and mature)in two forest types(Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)forests and evergreen broadleaved forests).The relationships between leaf C,N,and P stoichiometric parameters and geographical,meteorological,and soil factors were analysed by using redundancy analysis(RDA)and stepwise linear regression analysis.Results:Leaf C concentrations peaked in the near-mature stands with increasing age irrespective of forest type.Leaf N and P concentrations fluctuated with a rising trend in Chinese fir forests,while decreased first and increased later from young to mature phases in natural evergreen broadleaved forests.Chinese fir forests were primarily limited by N and P,while natural evergreen broadleaved forests were more susceptible to P limitation.Leaf C,N,and P stoichiometric characteristics in Chinese fir forests were mainly affected by the soil total P concentration(SP),longitude(LNG),growing season precipitation(GSP)and mean temperature in July(JUT).The leaf C concentration was mainly affected by GSP and JUT;leaf N and P concentrations were both positively correlated with LNG;and leaf P was positively correlated with SP.In evergreen broadleaved forests,however,leaf stoichiometric parameters displayed significant correlations with latitude(LAT)and mean annual precipitation(MAP).Conclusions:Leaf stoichiometry differed among forest stands of different age groups and forest types.Leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry was primarily explained by the combinations of SP,LNG,GSP and JUT in Chinese fir forests.LAT and MAP were the main controlling factors affecting the variations in the leaf C,N,and P status in natural evergreen broadleaved forests,which supports the temperature-plant physiological hypothesis.These findings improve the understanding of the distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of leaf stoichiometry linked with stand age and forest type.

毛竹扩张对幕阜山区森林土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征的影响

以幕阜山区同一片毛竹林向两侧杉木林和阔叶林扩张形成的连续生态界面为研究对象,分析不同林型土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(−)−N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)−N)含量及其生态化学计量比,探讨毛竹不同扩张模式对森林土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的影响。结果表明:在2种扩张模式下,随土壤层次的增加,除NO_(3)^(−)−N呈不规律变化外,SOC、TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)−N含量均呈逐渐降低趋势。在毛竹向杉木林扩张过程中,杉木林、竹杉混交林、毛竹林同一土层SOC、TN、TP含量均无显著差异;在毛竹向阔叶林扩张过程中,毛竹林0~10 cm土层SOC和TN含量较阔叶林和竹阔混交林分别降低了27.71%、30.45%和36.67%、31.11%,而在10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层则无显著差异;毛竹扩张对杉木林和阔叶林各土层TP含量无显著影响;毛竹向杉木林扩张增加了0~10 cm和20~30 cm土层NH_(4)^(+)−N含量,毛竹向阔叶林扩张增加了10~20 cm土层NH_(4)^(+)−N含量及20~30 cm土层NO_(3)^(−)−N含量;毛竹向杉木林扩张对土壤C/N、C/P、N/P无显著影响,毛竹向阔叶林扩张导致0~10 cm土层N/P明显降低、10~20 cm土层C/N显著增加。综上,毛竹向杉木林扩张对土壤SOC、TN、TP影响不显著,但提升了表层和深层土壤NH_(4)^(+)−N含量,毛竹向阔叶林扩张造成表层土壤SOC、TN含量显著降低,并导致中层土壤NH_(4)^(+)−N含量和深层土壤NO_(3)^(−)−N含量明显增加。

杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式构建

[目的]构建适用于不同产区的杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式。[方法]基于40余年杉木密度试验林固定样地及不同产区临时样地的1044块样地调查资料,系统考虑“造林-营林-收获”等3个育林阶段,分析确定立地指数、初植密度、首次间伐林龄、保留密度、主伐林龄、材种收获量等6项大径材林分培育关键参数。[结果]立地指数越高,初植密度越低,越有利于林分大径材形成,且作用效果呈增长趋势,杉木大径材培育适宜立地指数范围应为16指数级及其以上立地,适宜初植密度范围可设计为1667~3333株·hm^(-2);可按林分每公顷总断面积达23 m^(2)·hm^(-2)时的林龄确定林分首次间伐时间;保留密度过低难以实现预期的大径材出材量,而过高的保留密度则会降低林分大径材出材率,根据同时满足双标准(大径材出材率达50%以上;大径材出材量达200 m^(3)·hm^(-2)以上)确定的林分保留密度与立地指数级的关系,即可确定一定立地指数级林分的保留密度;根据不同立地指数级的林分大径材出材率与林龄的关系模型,代入大径材出材率=50%,得到不同指数级立地相应的参考主伐林龄,进而构建这一系列主伐林龄值与相应立地指数级的关系式,可确定一定立地指数级林分的主伐林龄;引入立地指数和林分密度的Richards函数可对林分胸径、大径材出材量、大径材出材率和总蓄积等收获因子实现良好预估,预测精度接近或高于80%。[结论]构建了“三阶段-六确定”杉木大径材全周期定向培育技术模式,可为杉木大径材林、速丰林及国储林基地建设提供科学支撑。

高立地指数下杉木生长量及材种结构的立地及密度效应

[目的]探讨立地质量和林分密度对杉木人工林生长量及材种结构的影响,为杉木大径材培育提供理论依据。[方法]以林龄28~36年生的杉木人工林为研究对象,按上、中、下不同坡位以及不同坡向设置63块标准样地,调查林分生长量及林分基本情况,通过相关性分析和回归拟合分析进行数据处理和分析。[结果]当林分密度相近时,立地指数越高,培育相同年限所获得的单株材积、蓄积量和大径材出材率越高;同一立地条件下,在一定的密度范围内林分树高、胸径、单株材积和大径材出材率随密度增加而减小,蓄积量随密度增加而增大;立地指数相同时,密度对胸径生长分化的影响大于树高,立地指数不同时林分密度对树高和胸径生长分化的影响程度也不同。[结论]在立地指数达22及以上的立地条件下培育杉木大径材,可通过3次间伐进行密度控制,林分最终保留密度宜为650~1000株·hm^(−2)。

立地及密度对杉木林分生长及材种结构的影响

为探讨立地及密度对广西融江流域杉木人工林生长及材种结构的影响,以不同立地条件下的杉木人工林为研究对象开展间伐试验,于林分13年生时进行生长量调查和分析。结果表明:林分树高、胸径、蓄积量、中径材出材率、规格材出材量随地位指数提高而增加,且地位指数级越高时,地位指数提高一级所带来的树高和中径材出材率增幅越大;地位指数越高,大径材形成的时间越早,大径材出材率越高;该林龄阶段(13年生),林木主要分布于14、16、18 cm三个径阶内,且随林分密度减小,≤14 cm径阶林木株数占比减小,≥20 cm径阶林木株数占比增大,小径材出材率减小,中径材出材率增大;随林分密度减小林分蓄积量显著减少,但规格材出材量增加。

杉木大径材成材机理研究

[目的]阐明立地、初植密度、林龄、林分密度、竞争指标等因子与大径材成材的关系,解析杉木大径材形成机理,为杉木大径材定向培育提供理论和技术支撑。[方法]利用福建省邵武市卫闽国有林场40余年杉木长期定位观测试验林数据材料,解析立地、初植密度、林龄、林分密度、竞争指标等因子对杉木大径材形成的影响。[结果]大径材出材量和出材率随立地指数级增大而增大,且增幅效应随林龄而增强。立地对大径材成材的影响程度明显受到初植密度的作用,低密度更有利于立地作用的发挥。12~16指数级立地,初植密度对大径材出材量和出材率影响较小,且大径材出现林龄较晚;20~22指数级立地,初植密度作用明显加强,大径材出材量和出材率随初植密度减小而增大,初植密度越小,大径材形成时间及大径材快速增长启动林龄愈早,且主伐林龄越小。林龄、立地、初植密度两两之间存在显著的交互作用。在相对低立地指数级范围(12~16指数级)或高立地指数级范围(20~22指数级)内,大径材出材量或出材率不受立地指数级的显著影响,而当立地指数级达到或超过20指数级后,其与相对低的指数级(12~16指数级)立地相比,则会显著提高大径材出材量。在中、高初植密度范围(3333~6667株·hm^(-2)或5000~10000株·hm^(-2))内,杉木林分大径材出材量或出材率不受初植密度的显著影响,但其与低初植密度(1667株·hm^(-2))林分相比,大径材出材量或出材率则会受到初植密度的显著制约。林龄、林分保留密度、林分密度指数、立地指数为大径材成材的关键因子,其对大径材形成的加成贡献率达92%。[结论]14指数级的现实林分中,有部分林分可形成相当数量的大径材。16指数及以上立地是培育杉木大径材的理想立地条件,且造林密度宜控制在1667株·hm^(-2)内,16指数在40年生左右,20和22指数在28年生左右,可形成大径材林分,出材率达50%以上,出材量至少达400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)左右。

杉木幼龄林生长的良种与初植密度互作效应研究

[目的]探讨杉木不同良种和初植密度对其幼龄期生长的影响及互作效应,旨在揭示杉木受不同世代种子园良种和初植密度的影响规律,为杉木良种与初植密度的优化配置提供理论依据。[方法]以2012年春在福建省邵武市卫闽国有林场营造的杉木良种和密度互作试验林为研究对象,基于11 a定位观测数据资料,分析2个世代杉木种子园良种(1代和3代)和4种初植密度(1667、3333、5000以及6667株·hm^(-2))交互控制下的林分生长动态效应。[结果]树高、胸径、冠幅、单株材积与初植密度呈负相关关系,除冠幅外,随林龄增长,密度负效应增强;蓄积量和断面积与初植密度呈正相关关系,随林龄增长,密度正效应增强。10~11a间,第3世代良种在低、中初植密度(1667和3333株·hm^(-2))条件下的树高、胸径、单株材积、蓄积量和断面积均显著高于第1世代良种,且增幅效应更强,此密度条件下,高世代良种的生长优势得到明显发挥,而两个良种的冠幅差异不显著。随初植密度增大,高密度(5000和6667株·hm^(-2))下,不同良种间各生长指标差异均较小。良种对树高相对贡献率的变化起伏较大,但5 a后,良种相对贡献率明显低于初植密度。5a时,良种对胸径和冠幅的相对贡献率达最大,明显大于初植密度,此后,随林龄增长,良种相对贡献率逐年下降,在9 a时达到最低。对于单株材积、蓄积量和断面积,在整个调查期间,良种相对贡献率始终低于初植密度。[结论]为提高早期杉木人工林产量,可适当增大初植密度,由于低、中密度条件下更有利于高世代良种生长增益的发挥,所以,用3代良种造林时,可适当扩大初植密度范围,降低初植密度的下限,密度可下调至3333株·hm^(-2),单位面积产量与5000和6667株·hm^(-2)间不存在显著差异。而用1代良种造林时,5000和6667株·hm^(-2)产量均显著高于1667和3333株·hm^(-2)。