Chiral Phase-transfer Catalysts Bearing Multiple Hydrogen-bonding Donors Derived from Amino Acids： Efficient Catalysts for Diastereo- and Enantioselective Nitro-Mannich Reaction

The asymmetric nitro-Mannich reaction is one of the traditional methods for forming carbon-carbon bond. By this reaction, the corresponding products with two contiguous stereocenters containing nitrogen substituents can be obtained. These β-nitro amine products can be easily transformed into 1,2-diamines by reduction of the corresponding nitro groups by means of the Nef reaction. It is well known that chiral 1,2-diamines Nay an important role in many fields.

Nuclephilic ring opening of epoxides promoted by multi-site phase-transfer catalyst:An efficient and eco-friendly route to synthesis of β-hydroxythiocyanate

A highly effective and mild protocol for ring opening of epoxides with NH4SCN in the presence of catalytic amount of a multi- site phase-transfer catalyst, α,α＇,α＂-N-hexakis（triethylammoniummethylene chloride）-melamine, is developed. A variety of ^-hydroxy thiocyanates as important intermediates in agricultural and pharmaceutical chemistry were obtained in high yields with excellent regioselectivity and in short reaction times. 2009 Ali Reza Kiasat. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

A New Reaction-controlled Phase-transfer Catalyst System

A new reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst system was designed and synthesized. In this system, heteropolytungstate [C7H7N(CH3)3]9PW9O34 was used for catalytic epoxidation of cyclohexene with H2O2 as the oxidant. The conversion of H2O2 was 100% and the yield of cyclohexene oxide was 87.1% based on cyclohexene. Infrared spectra showed that both fresh catalyst and the recovered catalyst do have completely same absorption peak, indicating the structure of catalyst is very stability and can be recycled.

A Convenient Synthesis of Aromatic Fluoride by Thermal Stable Pyridinium Phase-transfer Catalyst

Using 4-Dialkylaminopyridinium salt as a thermal stable phase-transfer catalyst (PTC), the excellent results were obtained in the halogen-exchange fluorination.

POLYMERIZATION MECHANISM OF N-VINYLCARBAZOLE WITH CHIRALLY ORGANIC SALT AS CATALYST

The polymerization mechanism is described by the conductance change with the time during the polymerization. The mechanism can be explained by the equilibrium feature (i.e. main ion-pairs) between the free ions and the ion-pairs dissociated by the organic salt (-) Sp*(+)(+) CSA*(-) (An asterisk represents the chirality) and the scheme of the polymerization process is described mainly by the charge transfer complexes having chiral induction power.

Enantioselective Alternating Copolymerization of Propylene with Carbon Monoxide Using Cationic Palladium-Chiral Diphosphine Catalyst

Enantioselective alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with propylene was carried out using palladium catalyst modified by 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-2,5-bis (diphenylphosphino)-L-iditol (DDPPI). The chiral diphosphine was proved to be effective at enantioselective copolymerization. Optical rotation, elemental analysis, H-1, C-13-NMR and IR spectra showed that the copolymer was optically active, isotactic, alternating poly(1,4-ketone) structure.

Thiazolidine Derivatives as Chiral Catalysts in the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde

Four types of chiral thiazolidine derivatives were synthesized conveniently from natural L-cysteine and showed good enantioselectivity in up to 90% ee in the addition of diethylzine to benzaldehyde. Their enantioselectivity was affected by the bulkiness of R and the thiazolidine ring systems in their molecules.

DESIGN OF POLYMER-SUPPORTEDCHIRAL CATALYSTS

Some structural factors to the design of polymer-supported Chiral Catalysts arediscussed, and some new approaches for designing of polymer-supported catalysts arereviewed in this paper

Styrene epoxidation catalyzed by polyoxometalate/quaternary ammonium phase transfer catalysts: The effect of cation size and catalyst deactivation mechanism

Catalytic epoxidation of alkenes is an important type of organic reaction in chemical industry,and the deep insight into catalyst deactivation will help to develop new epoxidation process.In this work,series of quaternary ammoniums bearing different cationic sizes,i.e.MTOA+(methyltrioctylammonium,[(C_(8)H_(17))_(3)CH_(3)N]+),HTMA+(hexadecyltrimethylammonium,[(C_(16)H_(33))(CH_(3))_(3)N]+) and DMDOA+(dimethyldioctadecylammonium,[(C_(18)H_(37))_(2)(CH_(3))_(2)N]+) were incorporated with polyoxometalate (POM) anions to prepare phase transfer catalysts (PTCs),which were used in the styrene epoxidations.Among them,(MTOA)_(3)PW_(4)O_(24)exhibits the best catalytic performance judged from the highest styrene conversion rate(52%) and styrene oxide selectivity (93%),during which the styrene epoxidation conditions were optimized.Meanwhile,the deactivation mechanism of this kind of PTCs was proposed firstly,i.e.in the case of low H_(2)O_(2) content,the oxidant can only be used in the styrene epoxidation,in which the catalyst can transform into stable Keggin-type POM.But when the content of H_(2)O_(2) is higher,the excess H_(2)O_(2) can reactivate the Keggin-type POM into active (PW_(4)O_(24))_(3)-anions,which can trigger the ring-opening polymerization of styrene oxide.Consequently,the catalyst is deactivated by adhered poly(styrene oxide)irreversibly,which was determined by NMR spectra.In this situation,the active moiety{PO_(4)[WO(O_(2))_(2)]_(4)}_(3)-in phase-transfer catalytic system can break into some unidentified species with low W/P ratio with the presence of epoxides.This work will be beneficial for the design of new PTCs in alkene epoxidation in fine chemical industry.

2-甲酰基-1,1′-联萘手性醛催化剂的合成

目前报道的手性醛催化剂(3)的合成路线总收率较低,不适用于大量合成。通过对3的合成路线进行改进,以(S)-1,1′-联二萘酚((S)-BINOL)为原料,经磺酰化、插羰反应、偶联反应、硼化、氧化、甲氧基甲基保护、还原、氧化、脱除甲氧基甲基以及溴化10步反应合成了手性醛催化剂(3a~3i),其中大部分化合物的总收率大于20%。该合成路线可放大到10 mmol规模来进行,具有一定的应用前景。

Synthesis of chiral spirocyclo-quaternary ammonium salts from L-proline and their application as phase-transfer catalysts in asymmetric alkylation

A new series of chiral phase-transfer catalysts 7a-7h were designed and synthesized from L-proline with moderate to good yields.＇The catalytic activity of 7a-Th for the asymmetric alkylation of glycine Schiff bases was evaluated, and some interesting relationships between structure and catalytic activity were revealed.

One-pot synthesis of cyclic aldol tetramer and ?, β-unsaturated aldol from linear aldehydes using quaternary ammonium combined with sodium hydroxide as catalysts

One-pot synthesis of cyclic aldol tetramer and α, β-unsaturated aldol from C3-C8 linear aldehydes using phase-transfer catalyst（PTC）, quaternary ammonium, combined with sodium hydroxide as catalysts was investigated. Butanal was subjected for detail investigations to study the effect of parameters. It was found that the selectivity of cyclic aldol tetramer depends greatly on the operating conditions of the reaction, especially the PTC/butanal molar ratio. The average selectivity of 2-hydroxy-6-propyl-l, 3, 5-triethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde（HPTECHCA） was 54.41% using tetrabutylammonium chloride combined with 14%（mass fraction） Na OH as catalysts at 60 ℃for 2 h with a PTC-to-butanal molar ratio of 0.09：1. Pentanal was more likely to generate cyclic aldol tetramer compared with other aldehydes under the optimum experimental conditions. Recovery of the PTC through water washing followed by adding enough sodium hydroxide from the washings was also demonstrated.

A New Quaternary Ammonium Heteropolyoxotungstate Catalyst for Propylene Epoxidation to Propylene Oxide

A new quatemary ammonium heteropolyoxotungstant (cat.C) is prepared andcharacterized. And the cat.C also is an reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst The catalyticsystem of O_2/EAHQ (2-ethylanthrahydroquinone)/cat.c is used for the epoxidation of propylene.Under the optimal conditions, the yield of propylene oxide based on EAHQ is 84.1%, theselectivity for propylene oxide based on propylene is 99.8% and the conversion of propylene basedon EAHQ is 84.3%. The cat.c precipitates after the epoxidation reaction for easy separation.The cat C is stable enough to be recycled three times without any loss in selectivity.

金属配合物催化羰基硅腈化反应研究进展

以醛/酮基为底物的羰基硅腈化反应是合成手性氰醇(手性α-羟基腈)及构建C-C键的重要途径。氰醇作为关键的手性单元,是合成许多药物的起始原料和重要的组成部分,容易转化为多种旋光性产物如β-氨基醇、α-羟基酸等,进而制备出其它的多种光学活性化合物,是开发光学纯手性药的有效手段之一,不断地拓宽了医药/农药等精细化工广阔的运用邻域,研发具有高效可循环的羰基硅腈化反应催化剂已成为化工领域的研究热点。本文对近年来有关羰基硅腈化反应的金属配合物催化体系相关研究进行总结分析,为该反应催化剂后续研究提供一定理论参考。

酶-金属单原子复合催化剂在一锅法生物-化学反应的应用

酶催化与金属单原子催化结合,理论上可开发众多新的绿色化学合成反应,是催化科学的一个重要研究前沿方向.酶-金属单原子复合催化剂兼具酶和金属单原子催化剂的高效、高立体选择性等优点.目前已成功构建的单原子分散金属催化剂的载体一般为刚性的无机载体,利用柔性蛋白分子作为载体制备单原子分散金属催化剂的技术瓶颈问题在于蛋白分子具有柔性、构象易变的特点,并且氨基酸残基与金属原子之间的相互作用力较弱,蛋白分子表面的氨基酸残基难以与金属单原子稳定结合.针对这样一个关键技术瓶颈问题,我们建立了酶-金属单原子复合催化剂的光化学合成方法.本文研究酶-金属单原子复合催化剂在生物-化学一锅级联反应合成联苯类手性醇中的催化性能.联苯类手性醇是手性药物的重要中间体,通常通过多步化学法或生物-化学级联法制备.相比于多步化学法,利用生物-化学级联反应制备联苯类手性化合物具有反应条件温和、选择性高、环境友好等优点.采用光化学法合成脂肪酶-钯单原子复合催化剂(Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic),通过球差矫正扫描透射电镜和扩展X射线吸收精细结构表征复合催化剂的形貌.首先研究了Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic复合催化剂中单原子分散Pd催化的C-C偶联反应催化效率,然后考察了它在生物-化学一锅级联反应中的催化性能;发现该催化剂在C-C偶联反应中具有比常用的Pd均相催化剂和Pd非均相催化剂更好的活性.在碘苯和苯乙炔的Sonogashira反应中,Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic的TOF值大于均相催化剂Pd(PPh3)4,是多相商业催化剂Pd/C的3.5倍.Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic重复使用10次后,活性仍保留97%,具有很好的稳定性.通过DFT计算分析催化反应路径,提出了Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic复合催化剂的2价Pd单原子在Sonogashira反应中可能存在Pd^(Ⅱ)/Pd^(Ⅳ)催化机理.本文开发了(R)-1-(4-联苯)乙醇的生物-化学一锅级联反应合成新路线:Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic复合催化剂在30℃的水溶液中催化(±)-1-(4-溴苯基)乙酸乙酯和苯硼酸反应生成(R)-1-(4-联苯)乙醇.在该过程中,CALB催化的立体选择性水解反应和Pd单原子催化的C-C偶联反应同时进行.其中,CALB催化(±)-1-(4-溴苯基)乙酸乙酯中的R型异构体水解为(R)-1-(4-溴苯基)乙醇,Pd单原子催化(R)-1-(4-溴苯基)乙醇与苯硼酸进行Suzuki反应生成(R)-1-(4-联苯)乙醇.Pd_(1)/CALB-Pluronic复合催化剂在30 oC下催化生物-化学一锅级联反应合成(R)-1-(4-联苯)乙醇,其催化效率是商业催化剂Pd/C和CALB-Pluronic催化剂组合的31.3倍.

Salen-Zn络合物催化芳香酮的不对称硅氢化反应研究

以二苯基乙二胺为原料,分别与水杨醛、3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛、3,5-二甲氧基水杨醛反应合成了3种Salen配体,并与醋酸锌组成Salen-Zn络合物催化体系,考察其对芳香酮的不对称硅氢化反应的催化性能。结果表明,叔丁基Salen-Zn络合物催化体系的催化性能最优;以苯乙酮为模板底物,确定不对称硅氢化反应的最佳条件如下:(EtO)3SiH为还原剂、THF为溶剂、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为24 h,产物苯乙醇的收率为94%、ee值为98%。底物的拓展研究表明,Salen-Zn络合物催化体系对含不同官能团的芳香酮均具有良好的催化性能。该方法提供了一种高反应活性和高对映选择性合成手性芳香醇的途径,为手性药物的不对称合成以及活性中间体的开发提供了新思路。

(2 S,5 S)-2-(2-(二苯基膦基)苯基)-3,5-二取代基咪唑啉-4-酮的合成

随着金属催化不对称合成研究的兴起,研究人员对手性配体的需求日趋迫切,以简便的方式获得高效的手性配体一直是金属催化不对称反应研究的重点之一,其中包括含氮,磷等含杂原子的膦配体。这些配体广泛地用于C—C、C—N及C—O的构建和不对称氢化反应中,展现出了可观的研究及应用价值。以α-氨基酸为起始原料,在三光气作用下得到酸酐类中间体,随后经酰胺化、缩合两步反应,成功以26.4%~33.8%收率得到(2 S,5 S)-2-(2-(二苯基膦基)苯基)-3,5-二取代基咪唑啉-4-酮类化合物。

Lacunary Keggin Polyoxotungstate as Reaction-controlled Phase-transfer Catalyst for Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins

A new reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst system, lacunary Keggin polyoxotungstate [C7H7N(CH3)3]9PW9O34 has been synthesized and used for catalytic epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 as the oxidant. Infrared spectra were used to analyze the behavior of the phase transfer of catalyst. In this system, the catalyst not only can act as homogeneous catalyst but also as heterogeneous catalyst to be easily filtered and reused. The epoxi- dation reaction is clean and exhibits high conversion and selectivity as well as excellent catalyst stability.

氨甲基树脂固载手性双烯配体-铑催化剂的制备及催化不对称1,4加成反应的研究

从(R)-α-水芹烯和丙炔酸甲酯开始合成手性双烯配体,再与氨甲基(AM)树脂反应并络合铑得到固载铑的催化剂。用得到的固载催化剂进行一系列α,β不饱和酮与苯硼酸的不对称1,4加成反应。研究结果表明,合成的固载化催化剂参与的反应在温和的反应条件下产率为70%~80%,ee为70%~90%,而且合成的固载化铑催化剂具有很好的重复利用性。

[5+1]串联反应构建螺[环己酮-吡唑啉酮]骨架的研究

吡唑啉酮螺环骨架的构建在新药研发领域扮演着极其重要的角色,正成为有机合成领域的研究热点之一。合成了3种具有Lewis酸和手性酰胺结构的轴手性催化剂(1a~1c),并将其应用于双苄叉丙酮与吡唑啉酮的[5+1]环加成串联反应,在室温25℃下,得到的目标化合物螺[环己酮-吡唑啉酮]的产率高(92%),对映体选择性好(89%e.e.)。该方法具有催化剂易制备、反应条件温和、对环境友好等特点,为具有生物药理活性的螺环己酮-吡唑啉酮骨架的合成提供了重要途径。