滇池Chl a与水质及气象指标的偏相关分析

基于1999-2010年滇池8个监测点的每月一次的水温、p H、透明度、溶解氧、高锰酸钾指数、BOD、铵氮、总磷、总氮等9个理化指标;以及水质观测同日的滇池大观楼气象站的日最高气温、日最低气温、日平均气温、日照时数、平均风速、日最大风速、日最大风速的风向等7个气象指标,采用SPSS软件对同日叶绿素a浓度进行偏相关分析,并根据偏相关分析的结果,分别对各监测点的显著相关因子进行回归分析,以明确各指标对Chl a的相关显著性和贡献程度。结果显示,9个水质指标中,在各观测点均与Chl a具有显著相关性的为p H、BOD、总氮或总磷,在部分观测点溶解氧、水温、高锰酸钾指数也与Chl a显著相关;相对于水质指标而言,7个气象指标基本上对Chla的影响不明显。

Spatial correlations in time and frequency domains between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in the Bohai Sea

Based on the reconstructed MODIS data and ECMWF reanalysis data from 2003 to 2021,spatial correlations between chlorophyll a(Chl a)and sea surface temperature(SST),photosynthetically available radiation(PAR),aerosol optical thickness(AOT),and wind speed(WS)in the Bohai Sea were analyzed from the perspective of time domain and frequency domain.Results indicate that the frequency domain analysis was more conducive to revealing the correlations between Chl a and environmental factors.The spatial pattern of time-domain correlations was similar to the isobaths of the Bohai Sea,which was positive in shallow waters and negative in deep waters for SST,PAR,and AOT,and was reversed for WS.Frequency-domain correlations were obtained by performing Fourier Transform and were higher than correlations in time domain.The spatial distributions indicated that the effects of SST and PAR on Chl a were greater than AOT and WS in the Bohai Sea.Additionally,cross-spectrum analysis was applied to explore the response relationships.A depth-dependent pattern was shown in correlations and time lags,indicating that the influential mechanism of environmental factors on Chl-a concentration is related to seawater depth.

Spatio-temporal variability of surface chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on reconstructions of satellite data of 2001-2020

Chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration is a primary indicator for marine environmental monitoring.The spatio-temporal variations of sea surface Chl-a concentration in the Yellow Sea(YS)and the East China Sea(ECS)in 2001-2020 were investigated by reconstructing the MODIS Level 3 products with the data interpolation empirical orthogonal function(DINEOF)method.The reconstructed results by interpolating the combined MODIS daily+8-day datasets were found better than those merely by interpolating daily or 8-day data.Chl-a concentration in the YS and the ECS reached its maximum in spring,with blooms occurring,decreased in summer and autumn,and increased in late autumn and early winter.By performing empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition of the reconstructed data fields and correlation analysis with several potential environmental factors,we found that the sea surface temperature(SST)plays a significant role in the seasonal variation of Chl a,especially during spring and summer.The increase of SST in spring and the upper-layer nutrients mixed up during the last winter might favor the occurrence of spring blooms.The high sea surface temperature(SST)throughout the summer would strengthen the vertical stratification and prevent nutrients supply from deep water,resulting in low surface Chl-a concentrations.The sea surface Chl-a concentration in the YS was found decreased significantly from 2012 to 2020,which was possibly related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).

莱州湾沿岸河流对邻近海域表层水体中Chl a浓度的影响

根据2012年9月底对莱州湾沿岸河流和邻近海域表层水体中Chl a和相关环境参数的调查,分析了Chl a在该区域的分布、影响因素、富营养化状况以及变化趋势。莱州湾沿岸河流Chl a浓度平均值为51.9μg/L,邻近海域为3.9μg/L。在沿岸河流,与Chl a呈显著正相关的仅有悬浮颗粒物(SPM),而在邻近海域,与Chl a呈显著正相关的有SPM、PO4-P、NH4-N、NO3-N。氮和磷都是莱州湾近岸海域Chl a的限制因子,其中氮的限制作用较大。莱州湾沿岸河流水体的富营养化程度主要表现为过度和高度富营养化,近岸海域水体的富营养化程度则主要表现为低度富营养化。沿岸河流高浓度的氮磷汇入,将会促进莱州湾近岸海域浮游植物生长,进而导致莱州湾近岸海域Chl a浓度增加并有可能使该区域的富营养化程度增加。

乌头类中药对CHL细胞的DNA损伤作用

[目的]观察乌头类中药盐附子和乌头碱对CHL细胞(中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞)的DNA损伤作用。[方法]采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测盐附子、乌头碱对CHL细胞DNA即刻损伤的影响。在加和不加S9时,盐附子均设5个剂量组(终浓度分别为5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.313 mg生药∕ml)、乌头碱设4个剂量组(终浓度分别为100、50、25、5μg/ml),试验同时设PBS阴性对照组和阳性对照组,阳性对照在不加S9时为0.1 mmol/ml重铬酸钾,加S9时为80μg/ml环磷酰胺。[结果]在加和不加S9时,盐附子各浓度组拖尾细胞率和拖尾细胞尾长与阴性对照比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),乌头碱100μg/ml和50μg/ml组拖尾细胞率和拖尾细胞尾长与阴性对照之间差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),乌头碱各浓度组拖尾细胞率和拖尾细胞尾长存在剂量反应关系。[结论]在本试验条件下,加与不加S9时,乌头碱浓度为100μg/ml和50μg/ml时对CHL细胞有DNA损伤作用;盐附子5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.313 mg生药/ml时未观察到对CHL细胞有DNA损伤作用。

东海典型断面Chl a分布特征及影响因素

根据2011年5月~2012年2月春、夏、秋、冬4个航次东海海域的调查资料,分析了东海典型断面Chl a的分布特征、季节变化及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）东海海域Chl a的平面分布呈现出由近岸向远海递减的趋势,高值区相对集中在西部近岸海域,低浓度区域分布在东部较为开阔的远海海域。水动力条件、陆源径流的输入以及气候变化等因素是形成这种分布格局的主要原因。（2）Chl a的垂直分布受季节影响较大,春、夏两季变化幅度较秋、冬季大。（3）在季节变化上呈春季〉夏季〉秋季〉冬季的规律。（4）相关性分析表明,调查海域Chl a与水温的关系在夏季较为显著;与盐度的相关性趋势并不明显,与DO则在春季有着良好的相关性;与营养盐在春季呈显著正相关,说明营养盐是影响Chl a分布的主导因子。

2010～2011年深圳湾Chl a与粒级结构的季节变化

于2010年11月至2011年8月对深圳湾的Chl a总量及粒级结构的时空分布进行了4个季度的调查,并分析了它们与环境因子的关系。结果表明：深圳湾Chl a总量年平均值为10.95 mg/m3,变化范围为0.63 mg/m3~186.99 mg/m3,季节变化表现为秋季（25.45 mg/m3）〉夏季（11.18 mg/m3）〉春季（4.95mg/m3）〉冬季（2.21 mg/m3）。全年Chl a空间分布均呈现出由湾内向湾外逐渐递减的趋势。春季和夏季深圳湾以微型浮游植物对Chl a总量的贡献占绝对优势（〉76%）;秋冬两季微型和小型浮游植物对Chl a总量贡献均占有很大的比重（〉84%）;微微型浮游植物对Chl a总量的贡献全年都很低（〈16%）。相关分析结果表明Chl a总量和Micro-Chl a与DIN呈显著正相关（p〈0.05）;Nano-Chl a与DIN、DIP和硅酸盐均呈显著正相关（p〈0.05）。深圳湾高Chl a总量,以小型和微型浮游植物占优势的粒级结构主要是由高营养盐水平引起的;在春季和冬季,光照和温度对粒级结构的形成也起到一定的作用。

Distribution patterns of chlorophyll a in spring and autumn in association with hydrological features in the southern Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea

Two field studies were conducted to measure pigments in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the northern East China Sea (NECS) in April (spring) and September (autumn) to evaluate the distribution pattern of phytoplankton stock (Chl a concentration) and the impact of hydrological features such as water mass,mixing and tidal front on these patterns.The results indicated that the Chl a concentration was 2.43±2.64 (Mean ± SD) mg m-3 in April (range,0.35 to 17.02 mg m-3) and 1.75±3.10 mg m-3 in September (from 0.07 to 36.54 mg m-3) in 2003.Additionally,four areas with higher Chl a concentrations were observed in the surface water in April,while two were observed in September,and these areas were located within or near the point at which different water masses converged (temperature front area).The distribution pattern of Chl a was generally consistent between onshore and offshore stations at different depths in April and September.Specifically,higher Chl a concentrations were observed along the coastal line in September,which consisted of a mixing area and a tidal front area,although the distributional pattern of Chl a concentrations varied along transects in April.The maximum Chl a concentration at each station was observed in the surface and subsurface layer (0-10 m) for onshore stations and the thermocline layer (10-30 m) for offshore stations in September,while the greatest concentrations were generally observed in surface and subsurface water (0-10 m) in April.The formation of the Chl a distributional pattern in the SYS and NECS and its relationship with possible influencing factors is also discussed.Although physical forces had a close relationship with Chl a distribution,more data are required to clearly and comprehensively elucidate the spatial pattern dynamics of Chl a in the SYS and NECS.

低剂量亚硝酸钠诱导CHL细胞DNA损伤的适应性反应

目的:研究低剂量亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)诱导CHL细胞DNA损伤的适应性反应及其形成机制。方法:采用单细胞凝胶电泳试验检测DNA的损伤程度。分别以浓度为0.01mg/L、0.1mg/L和1mg/L的NaNO2预处理CHL细胞6h后,观察细胞对随后的1g/L冲击剂量NaNO2的适应性反应;用3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3-AB)分别在低剂量预处理前和预处理6h后抑制聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP-1)的活性,观察其对适应性反应的阻断情况。结果:未经低剂量预处理的细胞,接触1g/L的NaNO218h后,DNA损伤较严重,其细胞拖尾率为7.87%,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);浓度为0.01mg/L和0.1mg/L的NaNO2预处理CHL细胞后,可明显缓解1g/L冲击剂量的NaNO2对CHL细胞DNA的损伤作用,其细胞拖尾率分别为3.55%和1.06%,明显低于未经低剂量NaNO2预处理组细胞的拖尾率(P<0.05;P<0.01);而经1mg/L的NaNO2预处理的细胞,接触1g/L的NaNO218h后,DNA损伤较严重,其细胞拖尾率为6.09%,与未经低剂量NaNO2预处理组细胞的拖尾率相比,差异无显著(P>0.05)。距离指标及复合指标也有相同趋势。在低剂量NaNO2预处理细胞前采用3AB抑制PARP-1活性可阻断适应性反应的产生;而在低剂量NaNO2预处理细胞6h后再用3AB抑制PARP-1活性,则不会阻断适应性反应的产生。结论:浓度等于或低于0.1mg/L的NaNO2可通过激活PARP-1诱导CHL细胞DNA损伤的适应性反应,而且,能诱导适应性反应的剂量很可能对机体DNA不造成损伤。

CYP2B6cDNA导入V79、FL和CHL细胞中稳定表达及其初步鉴定

ＣＹＰ２Ｂ６ｃＤＮＡ导入Ｖ７９、ＦＬ和ＣＨＬ细胞中稳定表达及其初步鉴定吴健敏，董海涛，余应年，朱丽君（浙江医科大学病理生理学教研室及医学分子生物学实验室杭州３１００３１）细胞色素Ｐ４５０是代谢活化大多数前致突变物／致癌物的主要酶系，在建株细胞中这些基...

褪黑激素对CHL细胞过氧化DNA断裂的防护作用

ＤＮＡ氧化性损伤同衰老及许多年龄相关疾病（肿瘤，心血管疾病）关系密切［１］。据报道，褪黑激素（Ｍｅｌａｔｏｎｉｎ，ＭＴ）参与哺乳类细胞许多重要的生理病理过程的调节，如矫正生物钟紊乱，增强免疫，抗氧化作用等［２］。ＤＮＡ链断裂是常见的过氧化损伤类型，为...

Carbon biomass,carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratio and the growth rate of phytoplankton in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Carbon biomass,carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratio(C꞉Chl a),and the growth rate of phytoplankton cells were studied during four seasonal cruises in 2017 and 2018 in Jiaozhou Bay,China.Water samples were collected from 12 stations,and phytoplankton carbon biomass(phyto-C)was estimated from microscope-measured cell volumes.The phyto-C ranged from 5.05 to 78.52μg C/L in the bay,and it constituted a mean of 38.16% of the total particulate organic carbon in the bay.High phyto-C values appeared mostly in the northern or northeastern bay.Diatom carbon was predominant during all four cruises.Dinoflagellate carbon contributed much less(<30%)to the total phyto-C,and high values appeared often in the outer bay.The C꞉Chl a of phytoplankton cells varied from 11.50 to 61.45(mean 31.66),and high values appeared in the outer bay during all four seasons.The phyto-C was also used to calculate the intrinsic growth rates of phytoplankton cells in the bay,and phytoplankton growth rates ranged from 0.56 to 1.96/d;the rate was highest in summer(mean 1.79/d),followed by that in fall(mean 1.24/d)and spring(mean 1.17/d),and the rate was lowest in winter(mean 0.77/d).Temperature and silicate concentration were found to be the determining factors of phytoplankton growth rates in the bay.To our knowledge,this study is the first report on phytoplankton carbon biomass and C꞉Chl a based on water samples in Jiaozhou Bay,and it will provide useful information for studies on carbon-based food web calculations and carbon-based ecosystem models in the bay.

Fluorescence of Chlorophyll a for Discovering Inhibitors of Photosynthesis in Plant Extracts

Aims: Twelve crude extracts were prepared from different parts of Pluchea sagittalis, Cecropia palmata and Brachiaria brizantha, and their effect on the light reaction of photosynthesis. Study Design: Use of fluorescence of ChL a (Chlorophyll a) to detect inhibitors of photosynthesis in plant extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), between July 2015 and January 2016. Methodology: The samples had their effect on the light reaction of photosynthesis studied by Chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence transient by the use of chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves. As negative controls we used the same amounts of DMSO that have been employed to solubilize the samples, and as positive control we have used 10 μM of the commercial herbicide DCMU (Diuron). Results: The extracts inhibited the photosynthesis, and their inhibition sites were located in the range of electron flow from OEC complex and between P680 to QA of PS II, and inhibited the photosystem II (PS II) by inducing the appearance of the transient bands K and J. Conclusion: Our results suggest an indicative that the photochemical apparatus probably is failing at the donor and acceptor sides of PSII, causing damage to electron transport during the photosynthesis phenomenon.

关于醋酸纤维滤膜和聚碳酸酯滤膜测定营养盐和Chl a的对比

本论文采用聚碳酸酯滤膜(0.4μm)和国内测定营养盐常用的醋酸纤维滤膜(0.45μm)过滤不同站位海水样品测定营养盐和Chl a,探究两种滤膜之间的区别。营养盐的对比结果表明,采用未干燥的醋酸纤维滤膜和聚碳酸酯滤膜过滤的亚硝酸盐、铵氮、磷酸盐和硅酸盐均不存在显著性差异,硝酸盐存在显著性差异但差别小于2%,因而两种滤膜均适用于海水溶解态营养盐的过滤。干燥后的醋酸纤维滤膜过滤速度慢,且过滤过程中会引入较高的铵氮。Chl a的对比结果表明,聚碳酸酯滤膜更加适合Chl a的测定,醋酸纤维滤膜的截留效率明显低于聚碳酸酯滤膜,这可能是由于该滤膜无法完全截留小粒径的浮游植物。

VIDAS CHL诊断法检测男性尿液中沙眼衣原体试验研究

[目的]为研究能否用全自动快速免疫(VIDASCHL)诊断法检测尿液中沙眼衣原体(CT)。[方法]采用VIDASCHL检测262例男性患者尿道拭子及尿液沉渣中CT抗原。[结果]与扩大金标准相比,VIDASCHL检测尿道拭子、尿沉渣敏感性分别为89.09%(P﹥0.05)、81.82%(P﹥0.05);特异性均为99.52%(P﹥0.05)。[结论]VI-DASCHL诊断法检测男性尿液中的沙眼衣原体具有高度敏感性和特异性。

半封闭海湾Chl a浓度遥感反演模型比较性研究——以胶州湾为例

叶绿素是我国近海水质监测的主要参数之一,其浓度的遥感反演是监测水体光学特性、评价水体污染的重要指标。本研究以Landsat-8/OLI、FY-3A/MERSI和HJ-1B/CCD遥感影像为数据源,结合2016年实测的Chl a浓度和水体光谱特征,建立胶州湾Chl a浓度的半经验/半分析反演模型。研究表明:基于Landsat-8建立的反演模型,整体Pearson相关系数最高,最优模型的预测值与实测值的决定系数R^2>0.86,反演效果最好,能较好的适应于胶州湾Chl a浓度的反演研究。Landsat 8最佳波段组合为:2月份Band4/Band2,R^2=0.83;5月份[(Band3)^(-1)-(Band4)^(-1)]*Band5,R^2=0.80;8月份[(Band2)^(-1)-(Band3)^(-1)]*Band4,R^2=0.78;11月份[(Band4)^(-1)-(Band2)^(-1)]*Band1,R^2=0.86。

转入人细胞色素P450-3A4基因的CHL细胞可代谢活化异环磷酰胺

环境污染物的致癌、致突变效应以及肿瘤化疗诱发第二肿瘤的风险是人们普遍关注的问题。大多数化学致癌物本身不具活性，必须在体内经过代谢活化才能诱发肿瘤。细胞色素Ｐ４５０（ＣＹＰ）同功酶系在外来化合物的代谢活化中起主要作用，可是目前用于遗传毒理学研究的建株细...

Enzymatic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) after exposure to low doses of chlorsulfuron and cadmium

The aim of this research was to study the influence of chlorsulfuron residue and cadmium on the enzymatic activity and photosynthetic apparatus of maize(Zea mays L.) plants. Chlorsulfuron and cadmium at 0.001 and 5.0 mg kg–1, respectively, were mixed and applied to soil prior to planting. The levels of chlorsulfuron-and cadmium-induced stress to plants were estimated by growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxide content, enzyme activities, and major fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll(revealed by the fluorescence imaging system Fluor Cam). Chlorsulfuron negatively affected the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark-adapted state, the maximum efficiency of photosystem II, photochemical quenching coefficient, and steady-state fluorescence decline ratio in the leaves of maize seedlings. However, cadmium did not produce noticeable changes. Plants that were exposed to both chlorsulfuron and cadmium showed an obvious increase in the steady-state fluorescence decline ratio. These results implied that the seedlings possessed more resistance to cadmium than to chlorsulfuron and their resistance to chlorsulfuron toxicity was enhanced by the presence of cadmium. The results also suggested that chlorophyll fluorescence imaging reveals overall alterations within the leaves but may not reflect small-scale effects on tissues, as numeric values of specific parameters are averages of the data collected from the whole leaf.

光照条件变化对蓝隐藻色素蛋白复合物表达含量的影响

前期研究发现蓝隐藻(Chroomonas placoidea)藻蓝蛋白PC645存在未报道过的β亚基,但其受光照条件的影响及表达情况不明。实验比较了6组不同光照条件下培养的蓝隐藻对数生长期细胞的色素组成变化及PC645亚基的表达差异。发现光照增加对叶绿素a/c-蛋白复合物影响不明显,但有利于PC645的积累;且影响PC645中两种β亚基的相对表达量,而对α亚基含量影响很小。1级12 h和24 h时β_(2)亚基相对含量最高,较低或过高强度的光照都不利于β_(2)的表达。说明PC645在蓝隐藻光适应机制中可能担负调节作用,β_(2)亚基的存在不仅影响隐藻藻胆蛋白的聚合形式,也与藻细胞的光能传递功能可调性相关。实验结果将为分析新亚基的功能,阐明隐藻特异的光合系统结构与机理提供依据。