Comparative study on combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites with chlorine and preozonation for enhancing coagulation

Comparative pilot tests were conducted to investigate the coagulation-aid effects of the combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites （PPC） with chlorine and preozonation. And the synergistie mechanism of combined preoxidation was discussed. Results showed that 1.0 mg/L PPC with 2. 0 mg/L chlorine could further improve the quality of treated water, as indicated by residual turbidity, TOC and algae. The enhanced efficiency could be explained by the synergistic effect of the preoxidants themselves, or the effect of chlorine and the intermediate such as hydrous manganese dioxide, which was generated by potassium permanga- nate, the main ingredient of PPC.

Synergistic photocatalytic effect of porous g-C_3N_4 in a Cr(Ⅵ)/4-chlorophenol composite pollution system

The photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI)to Cr(III)was preliminarily studied using porousg‐C3N4as a photocatalyst under acidic conditions.The observed synergistic photocatalytic effect ofporous g‐C3N4on a Cr(VI)/4‐chlorophenol(4‐CP)composite pollution system was further studiedunder different pH conditions.Compared with single‐component photocatalytic systems for Cr(VI)reduction or4‐CP degradation,the Cr(VI)reduction efficiency and4‐CP degradation efficiency weresimultaneously improved in the Cr(VI)/4‐CP composite pollution system.The synergistic photocatalyticeffect in the Cr(VI)/4‐CP composite pollution system can be attributed to the acceleratedredox reaction between dichromate and4‐CP by electron transfer with porous g‐C3N4.

VARIATIONS IN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF CHLORINE IN EVAPORATION-CONTROLLED SALT LAKE BRINES OF QAIDAM BASIN,CHINA

The variations in the isotopic compositions of chlorine in evaporation controlled saline lake brines were determined by using an improved procedure for precise measurement of chlorine isotopes based on Cs 2Cl + ion by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The results showed that variation in δ 37 Cl values in these evaporation controlled brines are attributable to evaporation of brine accompanied by the deposition of saline minerals. The isotopic fractionation of chlorine between the deposited saline mineral and the co existing brine caused the variation of δ 37 Cl values in the brine. In general the isotopic fractionation of chlorine in nature indicates enrichment of 3 7Cl in the solid phase relative to 3 5Cl. The reverse isotopic fractionation of chlorine in which 3 5Cl is enriched in the solid phase, was observed to some extent during quick deposition under laboratory conditions as well as in nature. The mechanism of isotopic fractionation of chlorine during evaporation deposition was studied.

Distribution and Formation Causes of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) Double High Pollution Events in China during 2013–20

Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone(O_(3))double high pollution(DHP)events have occurred frequently over China in recent years,but their causes are not completely clear.In this study,the spatiotemporal distribution of DHP events in China during 2013–20 is analyzed.The synoptic types affecting DHP events are identified with the Lamb–Jenkinson circulation classification method.The meteorological and chemical causes of DHP events controlled by the main synoptic types are further investigated.Results show that DHP events(1655 in total for China during 2013–20)mainly occur over the North China Plain,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,Sichuan Basin,and Central China.The occurrence frequency increases by 5.1%during 2013–15,and then decreases by 56.1%during 2015–20.The main circulation types of DHP events are“cyclone”and“anticyclone”,accounting for over 40%of all DHP events over five main polluted regions in China,followed by southerly or easterly flat airflow types,like“southeast”,“southwest”,and“east”.Compared with non-DHP events,DHP events are characterized by static or weak wind,high temperature(20.9℃ versus 23.1℃)and low humidity(70.0%versus 64.9%).The diurnal cycles of meteorological conditions cause PM_(2.5)(0300–1200 LST,Local Standard Time=UTC+8 hours)and O_(3)(1500–2100 LST)to exceed the national standards at different periods of the DHP day.Three pollutant conversion indices further indicate the rapid secondary conversions during DHP events,and thus the concentrations of NO_(2),SO_(2) and volatile organic compounds decrease by 13.1%,4.7%and 4.4%,respectively.The results of this study can be informative for future decisions on the management of DHP events.

Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes

Polyamide thin film composite membranes have dominated current reverse osmosis market on account of their excellent separation performances compared to the integrally skinned counterparts.Despite their very promising separation performance,chlorine-induced degradation resulted from the susceptibility of polyamide toward chlorine attack has been regarded as the Achilles’s heel of polyamide thin film composite.The free chlorine species present during chlorine treatment can impair membrane performance through chlorination and depolymerization of the polyamide selective layer.From material point of view,a chemically stable membrane is crucial for the sustainable application of membrane separation process as it warrants a longer membrane lifespan and reduces the cost involved in membrane replacement.Various strategies,particularly those involved membrane material optimization and surface modifications,have been established to address this issue.This review discusses membrane degradation by free chlorine attack and its correlation with the surface chemistry of polyamide.The advancement in the development of chlorine resistant polyamide thin film composite membranes is reviewed based on the state-of-the-art surface modifications and tailoring approaches which include the in situ and postfabrication membrane modifications using a broad range of functional materials.The challenges and future directions in this field are also highlighted.

Current status and prospects of research on 1,4-dioxane pollution and treatment technologies in the water environment

1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2(probable) human carcinogen. After reviewing recent researches on the pollution status,transport and transformation characteristics of 1,4-dioxane in the water environment, as well as the environmental pollution remediation and treatment technologies, and the status of environmental regulation,this paper addresses that the distribution of 1,4-dioxane in water bodies is significantly correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene(TCE).It is noteworthy that 1,4-dioxane often occurs in symbiosis with 1,1,1-TCA and has a similarity contamination plume distribution to 1,1,1-TCA. The natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater environment is weak, but there is a certain degree of biological oxidation attenuation. Current methods for treating 1,4-dioxane pollution mainly include extraction-treatment technology, advanced oxidation treatment technology, modified biological treatment technology and phytoremediation technology, all of which have their limitations in practical application. Currently, there is no environmental regulation available for the 1,4-dioxane pollution worldwide, and no enforceable standard established for defining the health trigger levels of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. Research on this contaminant in China is generally limited to the site or laboratory scale, and there are no studies on the environmental risk and quality standards for 1,4-dioxane in the water environment.

Integrating stable isotopes and factor analysis to delineate the groundwater provenance and pollution sources in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan

Globally,groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the most widespread environmental problems,particularly in arid and semiarid areas,which are characterized by low amounts of rainfall and groundwater recharge.The stable isotope composition of groundwater(δ2H-H2O andδ18O-H2O)and dissolved nitrate(δ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–)and factor analysis(FA)were applied to explore groundwater provenance,pollution,and chemistry evolution in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin,Jordan.In this study,we collected 23 samples from the Lower Ajloun aquifer in 2021,including 1 sample from a groundwater well and 22 samples from springs.These samples were tested for electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids,pH,temperature,dissolved oxygen,the concentration of major ions(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO3–,Cl–,SO42–,and NO3–),and the stable isotope composition of groundwater and dissolved nitrate.The results revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly Ca–Mg–HCO3 type and can be classified as fresh water,hard water,and very hard water.The range and average concentration of NO3–were 3.5–230.8 and 50.9 mg/L,respectively.Approximately 33%of the sampling points showed NO3–levels above the maximum allowable concentration of 50.0 mg/L set by the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines for drinking water quality.The values ofδ18O-H2O andδ2H-H2O showed that groundwater in the study area is part of the current water cycle,originating in the Mediterranean Sea,with significant evaporation,orographic,and amount effects.The values of the stable isotope composition of NO3–corresponded toδ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–values produced by the nitrification process of manure or septic waste and soil NH4+.The FA performed on the hydrochemical parameters and isotope data resulted in three main factors,with Factor 1,Factor 2,and Factor 3,accounting for 50%,21%,and 11%of the total variance,respectively.Factor 1 was considered human-induced factor,named"pollution factor",whereas Factor 2,named"conservative fingerprint factor",and Factor 3,named"hardness factor",were considered natural factors.This study will help local researchers manage groundwater sustainably in the study area and other similar arid and semiarid areas in the world.

Development and Evaluation of Recycled Polypropylene and Bean Pod Powder Composite Biomaterial for Fused Filament Fabrication

Approximately 450 million tons of plastic and agricultural waste are produced each year in the world. Only a small portion of this plastic waste is recycled, and a small portion of this agricultural waste is used as fuel or fertilizer, and the rest of this waste is left in the environment or is burned, resulting in environmental and air pollution. For proper disposal, plastic and agricultural waste can be used in the manufacture of composites as raw materials. In this study, we had evaluated the use of bean pod powder (BPp) was used as natural reinforcing filler in recycled polypropylene (rPP) based composites. BPp/rPP composite filaments were developed using the extrusion method and the samples were printed by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Composites with rPP matrix containing different weight fractions of BPp (5%, 10% and 15%) were fabricated to observe and compare the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and compressive strength) of the filament composites. In addition, the filament surface was analyzed for roughness and particle size of bean pod powder. The results established that BPp/rPP composites exhibited better tensile, flexural, and compressive strength than rPP and pure PP. By adding 5 wt% BPp, the tensile strength of rPP increased from 20.4 MPa to 22.8 MPa. The highest flexural strength (15.05 MPa) was obtained at 5 wt% BPp among all composites and the highest compressive strength (24.5 MPa), was obtained at 10 wt% BPp. Therefore, it can be concluded that by carefully selecting the ratio of BPp to bean pod powder, it is therefore possible to positively influence the mechanical properties of the resulting composite.

不同改性方法对生物砂滤池生物膜特性及处理受污染原水效果的影响

通过对普通石英砂(QS)进行氨基及铝钙双氢氧化物改性制得氨基改性砂(AMS)和铝钙双氢氧化物改性砂(CAS),分别以QS、AMS、CAS为滤料填充滤池进行挂膜,研究了不同石英砂表面的生物膜量、生物活性、胞外聚合物(EPS)的特性及对受污染原水的处理效果。结果表明,挂膜成功后CAS表面的生物活性最高,为42.00 mgO_(2)/(g·h),生物膜量和胞外聚合物的含量最大,分别为12.43 mg/g、105.09 mg/(g·SS),对COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率分别稳定在58.20%、89.50%;AMS表面的生物活性、生物膜量、EPS平均含量分别为32.97 mgO_(2)/(g·h)、9.07 mg/g、93.41 mg/(g·SS),对COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率分别为54.60%、85.10%。三种石英砂表面生物量分布均沿水流方向递减,EPS的含量从溶解性胞外聚合物(SL-EPS)到紧密附着性胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)呈上升趋势。

FeCl_(3)淋洗修复Pb-Ni复合污染土壤机制研究

Pb、Ni复合污染对土壤的危害大,协同修复难度高。本文以修复建设用地为目标,模拟配制了不同污染程度的Pb、Ni复合污染土壤,以FeCl_(3)为淋洗剂,考察淋洗时间、淋洗剂浓度和液固比等关键参数对Pb、Ni复合污染土壤的影响及其修复机制。结果表明:当FeCl_(3)浓度为0.6 mol/L,液固比为5∶1、淋洗时间为10 h时,Pb、Ni的淋洗效果最好,Pb低、中、高污染土壤的淋洗率分别为80.75%、89.32%和91.45%,Ni低、中、高污染土壤的淋洗率分别为77.31%、92.01%和96.29%;FeCl_(3)对Pb和Ni的快速反应阶段在0~4 h时间段内,至12 h时基本达到平衡。采用双常数和Elovich模型拟合淋洗动力学过程发现,FeCl_(3)对Pb和Ni的淋洗主要是非均相扩散过程;FeCl_(3)对Pb和Ni不同污染程度土壤的去除效果排序为高污染>中污染>低污染,对重金属的去除能力排序为Ni>Pb,FeCl_(3)可有效去除Pb和Ni的弱酸可溶态和可还原态。经FeCl_(3)淋洗后的土壤中Pb和Ni含量均低于第一类建设用地的管制值,对人体健康危害小。

高电压有机外绝缘发展综述与展望

我国电力工业的高速发展,为高电压有机外绝缘技术提供了巨大发展动力和空前发展机遇。其中,硅橡胶复合绝缘子是该领域的典型代表,其发展进步过程值得分析。经过三大关键机遇和4个重要阶段,硅橡胶复合绝缘子在电力系统的大规模应用,使我国成为全球首个在特高压输电系统中以有机外绝缘为主的国家。为服务新型电力系统的构建,研制新一代长服役寿命复合绝缘子已成为亟待突破的重大技术难点之一。因此,该文主要以复合绝缘子的技术演进为主线,系统回顾和总结了国内外复合绝缘子技术的发展历程,对比分析了国内外不同阶段的发展特点与关注焦点;梳理了我国在复合绝缘子领域取得的关键技术突破,并对国内外技术的演进、当前焦点问题和长服役寿命复合绝缘子的产业链联合攻关进行了讨论及展望。

湖南桂阳某矿区周围稀土地球化学特征评价

研究发现,周围环境中,稀土元素可以从植物、动物、水体和空气等多种途径进入人体,而过量的稀土元素进入人体会增加致癌风险。分析矿区周围稀土元素含量和特征可为矿区生态环境提供参考依据。对湖南某矿区周围土壤中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y元素浓度进行测量研究,结合单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行分析。数据表明,土壤样品中的稀土平均含量为261.63 mg/kg,是湖南土壤背景值163.86 mg/kg的1.60倍,说明矿区周围出现稀土富集情况。单因子指数结果显示,各稀土元素单项污染指数均呈现不同程度污染,内梅罗综合污染结果显示中度污染样品占比28%,其余样品均为轻度污染,说明矿区早期采矿等人为活动将深层稀土元素带到表层富集,存在一定的污染,需要警惕。

复合功能材料原位修复氯代烃污染地下水的长效性研究

针对我国地下水氯代烃污染问题,以椰壳生物炭和零价铁为主要原材料,研制了一种具有生物活性的复合功能材料,并在江苏某氯代烃污染地下水场地开展了中试研究.现场监测数据显示,复合功能材料可持续缓释碳源和铁源,能够实现脱氯降解菌驯化生长.通过16S rRNA基因测序发现,可渗透反应墙(Permeable Reactive Barrier,PRB)运行1140天时,复合功能材料中脱氯降解菌的相对丰度(1.9%~8.3%)高于初始PRB材料(0.5%).PRB运行1140天后,复合功能材料的表面形态仍保持稳定.在2000天的运行周期内,PRB对不同氯代烃污染物的去除率为13.7%~100%.复合功能材料可通过吸附、铁还原和微生物降解复合机制高效去除地下水中的氯代烃.研究可为氯代烃污染地下水原位修复提供重要技术支撑.

复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响

探究复合钝化剂对原位镉(Cd)污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜吸收积累Cd的影响,为中轻度Cd污染农田土壤的治理修复提供科学依据。以赤泥+石灰+磷矿粉(T_(1))、赤泥+石灰+生物炭(T_(2))、石灰+腐殖酸+海泡石(T_(3))、海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(T_(4))、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(T_(5))共5种复合钝化剂在原位Cd污染农田土壤中开展田间试验,研究5种复合钝化剂对耕作层土壤中各形态Cd含量、酶活性、微生物碳(MBC)、微生物氮(MBN)和白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响。结果表明:(1)5种复合钝化剂能不同程度提高土壤pH,降低耕作层土壤中Cd的有效性,T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤pH显著高于CK,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤有效态Cd含量显著低于CK,在Cd的各个形态中,T_(5)处理的弱酸提取态Cd含量、可还原态Cd含量显著低于CK,而残渣态Cd含量显著高于CK;(2)T_(1)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别比CK显著提高42.06%~152.46%、15.95%~26.48%,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理的脲酶活性比CK显著提高18.43%~35.19%,T_(3)、T_(4)处理的过氧化氢酶活性比CK显著提高18.78%~19.01%,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)处理的土壤MBC含量比CK显著提高31.83%~53.19%,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理的土壤MBN含量比CK显著提高19.14%~59.89%;(3)不同处理对白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响有一定差异,与CK相比,T_(1)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理显著降低根部、茎部的Cd含量,5种处理均显著降低叶部的Cd含量,且白菜叶部富集、转运Cd的能力大于茎部和根部。综合钝化效果,T_(4)、T_(5)处理即海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(3∶5∶3)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(3∶5∶3)在原位钝化修复中轻度Cd污染农田土壤中的钝化效果较好,可有效降低植物对土壤重金属Cd的吸收。

基于水质荧光指纹技术的复合污染河道溯源研究

复合污染水体的污染源组成解析是当前水污染溯源领域难题,基于三维荧光光谱的水质荧光指纹技术是解决该难题的关键方法。采用水质荧光指纹技术对苏南地区Y河开展溯源分析。通过平行因子分解与水质荧光指纹比对有效识别Y河中印染废水荧光信号来自上游河道异地输入。利用氨氮浓度划分重污染区域,依托水质荧光指纹对Y河流域内109个排口开展筛查,通过污染路径溯源法精准定位35家主要责任单位。落实整改要求后,Y河水质由劣Ⅴ类迅速提升至Ⅲ类,并持续稳定达标。Y河河道治理工程取消,降本增效效果显著。针对复合污染河道提出了以水质荧光指纹技术为抓手的精准溯源与微创治理新模式,对实现精准治污、科学治污、依法治污具有重要指导意义。

改性壳聚糖材料修复多金属污染土壤

随着工业的迅猛发展,尤其是采矿冶炼等行业的快速扩张,造成了严重的土壤重金属污染问题。为实现重金属复合污染土壤同步修复,以川南某铅锌矿区周边农田土壤为研究目标,通过土培实验,考察施加不同比例壳聚糖(CS)和4种改性壳聚糖材料对污染土壤的基本理化特性、土壤中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)有效态及赋存形态的影响,阐释重金属迁移特性,筛选出对目标重金属钝化效果最好的材料。结果显示,在Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染农田土壤中,施用不同比例CS及改性壳聚糖材料后,土壤pH、有机质含量(OM)和阳离子交换量(CEC)均得到提升,整体呈随添加量增加而上升的趋势;在一定比例CS处理下,Cu和Pb有效态含量均有所增加,而4种改性壳聚糖钝化剂均能降低Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd有效态含量,从而有效降低了复合重金属污染的生物有效性和可迁移性;同时,5种材料的加入均能有效促进土壤中弱酸提取态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd转化为稳定的残渣态,向土壤中添加质量比为2.5%的环氧氯丙烷改性壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料(ECS-B)时钝化效果最佳。本研究表明,环氧氯丙烷改性壳聚糖-生物炭新型复合材料钝化Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染土壤效果显著,在重金属复合污染土壤修复领域具有一定的应用潜力。

温度升高和游离余氯对泥蚶的氧化胁迫效应

为了研究核电站温排水污染对水生动物长期胁迫的影响,实验通过室内模拟核电站温排水的游离余氯残留和温升效应,研究了不同温度和不同游离余氯浓度耦合下对泥蚶的氧化胁迫效应。设置水温为19和29℃,游离余氯浓度分别为0.33和6.66 mg/L,进行为期20 d的胁迫实验。结果显示:①单一温升条件下,温度升高可以显著影响泥蚶ROS水平。温度越高,ROS水平越高。②0.33 mg/L浓度组泥蚶ROS水平和DNA损伤在第20天时显著升高,19和29℃下分别为对照组的2.2、2.9倍和1.8、2.2倍;细胞活性、SOD活性、ATP酶活性均下降;6.66 mg/L浓度组ROS水平在第20天时显著上升,19和29℃下分别为对照组的6.2、3.6倍,DNA损伤增加,细胞活性、血细胞吞噬率和ATP酶活性下降,SOD酶活性在第20天、29℃时降至最小值(36.4±8.4)U/(mg·prot)。③双因素方差分析结果显示,水温和游离余氯对泥蚶ROS水平、DNA损伤、血细胞吞噬活性、ATP酶活性具有显著交互作用。研究表明,游离余氯能够显著增加泥蚶ROS水平和DNA损伤,温度升高和游离余氯复合暴露对泥蚶造成更大的胁迫压力,影响了其机体内氧化响应相关生理过程,余氯排放海域夏季相比冬季会对泥蚶产生更大的氧化胁迫。本研究可为温度升高和游离余氯复合污染中的海洋生物氧化胁迫毒性研究提供参考,并且为生态风险评估提供科学依据。

CoCu-CaCO_(3)/锯末多孔碳快速活化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物的研究

采用简单的浸渍、煅烧法制备了CoCu-CaCO_(3)/锯末多孔碳催化剂,考察了催化剂在PMS存在下降解苯酚、亚甲基蓝等有机污染物的催化活性。研究发现,在催化剂CoCu-CaCO_(3)/锯末多孔碳添加量为0.05 g, PMS质量浓度50 mg/L,苯酚与亚甲基蓝的质量浓度分别为10,20 mg/L,5 min内催化剂对苯酚、亚甲基蓝的降解效率分别高达91.24%,98.14%。Co_(3)O_(4)、CuO、CaCO_(3)与锯末多孔碳的协同作用,有效提高了催化剂的催化性能,3次循环后对苯酚的降解率仍高达87%以上,且在降解过程中·SO_4^(-)、^(1)O_(2)和·O_(2)^(-)发挥了重要作用。

氯/溴取代有机污染物在南瓜中的吸收、迁移和转化研究进展

氯/溴取代有机污染物具有持久性、毒性、蓄积性,对人类健康造成威胁,成为环境科学研究热点.以南瓜作为模型植物,通过土壤或水培培养及影响因素分析,探究氯/溴取代有机污染物在植物中的吸收、迁移和转化规律,对明晰其环境行为、生态风险评价等具有重要意义.本文在现有的研究基础上总结了模式植物的培养方案设置,氯/溴取代有机污染物在南瓜幼苗中的吸收途径、迁移形式、转化过程,分析了影响吸收和迁移速率的主要因素.氯/溴取代有机污染物的吸收途径包括:南瓜幼苗的根系从土壤或水中吸收有机污染物,南瓜幼苗的叶片从空气中吸收有机污染物;迁移形式包括:南瓜幼苗的根系吸收的有机污染物向上迁移至茎、叶,南瓜幼苗的叶片吸收的有机污染物向下迁移至茎、根;转化主要过程包括:脱卤反应、卤原子重排、裂解反应、羟基化反应、甲基化反应、去甲基化反应、糖基化反应、去糖基化反应.氯/溴取代有机污染物自身的物理化学性质是影响吸收和迁移速率的主要因素.本文对氯/溴取代有机污染物在南瓜中的环境行为进行总结,有助于明晰有机污染物在环境中的生物地球化学循环,为环境健康研究提供借鉴.

10 kV复合避雷器组合绝缘子雷电冲击污闪特性及模型

雷击与污秽会威胁电网安全稳定运行,因此,该文对具有雷电防护功能的复合避雷器组合绝缘子的冲击污闪模型进行了研究。首先,分析了适用于组合绝缘子的冲击电压闪络模型;其次,以双指数波形为输入,基于双指数函数与伏秒特性交点法建立了组合绝缘子冲击闪络电压与电弧路径计算模型,并从迭代求解变量U(冲击闪络电压)出发,将单方程两未知量问题转换为单未知量的非线性方程求解问题以实现模型求解;最后,进行了复合避雷器组合绝缘子雷电冲击污闪试验。研究发现,复合避雷器组合绝缘子闪络路径分为绝缘和间隙两类,且随着等值附盐密度在0.03~0.2 mg/cm^(2)范围内增加,污闪电压在90.79~97.15 kV之间先增加后降低,并对闪络电压随着等值附盐密度增加呈现非单调递增这一现象进行了分析。对该文所提模型进行验证发现,基于交点法的冲击闪络电压计算结果与试验结果的最大误差为8.1%,平均误差为4.5%,且可以判断电弧路径的位置。该文揭示了复合避雷器组合绝缘子特殊的放电特性,研究结果可为组合绝缘子的设计、优化及运维提供参考。