Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,...Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,named chlormequat chloride(i.e.,chlorinated choline chloride,CCC),is introduced to regulate the upper surface chemical environment of perovskite films.The anion(Cl^(-))and cation[ClCH_(2)CH_(2)N(CH_(3))_(3)]+in CCC could effectively self-search and passivate positively and negatively charged ionic defects in per ovskites,respectively,which contributes to inhibited nonradiative recombination and reduced energy los in PSCs.As a result,the champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs can be significantly enhanced from 22.82%to 24.07%.Moreover,the unencapsulated device with CCC modification retains 92.0%of it original PCE even subject to thermal aging at 85℃ for 2496 h.This work provides guidance for the ratio nal design of functional molecules as defect passivators in PSCs,which is beneficial for the improvement in both device performance and stability.展开更多
以6年生夏黑萄萄为试材,研究不同浓度矮壮素对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,果实中矮壮素的残留浓度与施用的矮壮素浓度呈正相关性,高浓度的矮壮素能够显著减少果实的穗重、粒重、皮重、纵径、横径。低浓度(0.33 ml/L)矮壮素对于...以6年生夏黑萄萄为试材,研究不同浓度矮壮素对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,果实中矮壮素的残留浓度与施用的矮壮素浓度呈正相关性,高浓度的矮壮素能够显著减少果实的穗重、粒重、皮重、纵径、横径。低浓度(0.33 ml/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响不稳定,中高浓度(0.5和1.0 m L/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响比较稳定。高浓度矮壮素对提高葡萄果实固酸比、降低总黄酮和单宁含量具有显著作用,同时能提高果胶含量和氨基酸尤其是必需氨基酸的含量,提高其营养价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773218)and Huacai Solar Co.,Ltd.。
文摘Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,named chlormequat chloride(i.e.,chlorinated choline chloride,CCC),is introduced to regulate the upper surface chemical environment of perovskite films.The anion(Cl^(-))and cation[ClCH_(2)CH_(2)N(CH_(3))_(3)]+in CCC could effectively self-search and passivate positively and negatively charged ionic defects in per ovskites,respectively,which contributes to inhibited nonradiative recombination and reduced energy los in PSCs.As a result,the champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs can be significantly enhanced from 22.82%to 24.07%.Moreover,the unencapsulated device with CCC modification retains 92.0%of it original PCE even subject to thermal aging at 85℃ for 2496 h.This work provides guidance for the ratio nal design of functional molecules as defect passivators in PSCs,which is beneficial for the improvement in both device performance and stability.
文摘以6年生夏黑萄萄为试材,研究不同浓度矮壮素对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,果实中矮壮素的残留浓度与施用的矮壮素浓度呈正相关性,高浓度的矮壮素能够显著减少果实的穗重、粒重、皮重、纵径、横径。低浓度(0.33 ml/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响不稳定,中高浓度(0.5和1.0 m L/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响比较稳定。高浓度矮壮素对提高葡萄果实固酸比、降低总黄酮和单宁含量具有显著作用,同时能提高果胶含量和氨基酸尤其是必需氨基酸的含量,提高其营养价值。
