Degree of shade tolerance shapes seasonality of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus levels of trees and herbs in a temperate deciduous forest

Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits.However,leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species,and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified.In this study,the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll,nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest.The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined.During the entire season,chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species,with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring,and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased.Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance.Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion,remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence.Over the seasons,the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance.However,N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower.Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation.These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll,N,and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests,which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production.

Spatial correlations in time and frequency domains between chlorophyll-a concentration and environmental factors in the Bohai Sea

Based on the reconstructed MODIS data and ECMWF reanalysis data from 2003 to 2021,spatial correlations between chlorophyll a(Chl a)and sea surface temperature(SST),photosynthetically available radiation(PAR),aerosol optical thickness(AOT),and wind speed(WS)in the Bohai Sea were analyzed from the perspective of time domain and frequency domain.Results indicate that the frequency domain analysis was more conducive to revealing the correlations between Chl a and environmental factors.The spatial pattern of time-domain correlations was similar to the isobaths of the Bohai Sea,which was positive in shallow waters and negative in deep waters for SST,PAR,and AOT,and was reversed for WS.Frequency-domain correlations were obtained by performing Fourier Transform and were higher than correlations in time domain.The spatial distributions indicated that the effects of SST and PAR on Chl a were greater than AOT and WS in the Bohai Sea.Additionally,cross-spectrum analysis was applied to explore the response relationships.A depth-dependent pattern was shown in correlations and time lags,indicating that the influential mechanism of environmental factors on Chl-a concentration is related to seawater depth.

Spatio-temporal variability of surface chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on reconstructions of satellite data of 2001-2020

Chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration is a primary indicator for marine environmental monitoring.The spatio-temporal variations of sea surface Chl-a concentration in the Yellow Sea(YS)and the East China Sea(ECS)in 2001-2020 were investigated by reconstructing the MODIS Level 3 products with the data interpolation empirical orthogonal function(DINEOF)method.The reconstructed results by interpolating the combined MODIS daily+8-day datasets were found better than those merely by interpolating daily or 8-day data.Chl-a concentration in the YS and the ECS reached its maximum in spring,with blooms occurring,decreased in summer and autumn,and increased in late autumn and early winter.By performing empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition of the reconstructed data fields and correlation analysis with several potential environmental factors,we found that the sea surface temperature(SST)plays a significant role in the seasonal variation of Chl a,especially during spring and summer.The increase of SST in spring and the upper-layer nutrients mixed up during the last winter might favor the occurrence of spring blooms.The high sea surface temperature(SST)throughout the summer would strengthen the vertical stratification and prevent nutrients supply from deep water,resulting in low surface Chl-a concentrations.The sea surface Chl-a concentration in the YS was found decreased significantly from 2012 to 2020,which was possibly related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).

GOLDEN 2-LIKE transcription factors regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to UV-B in tea plants

Flavonoids are critical secondary metabolites that determine the health benefits and flavor of tea,while chlorophylls are important contributors to the appearance of tea.However,transcription factors(TFs)that can integrate both chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to specific light signals are rarely identified.In this study,we report that the GOLDEN 2-LIKE TF pair,CsGLK1 and CsGLK2,orchestrate UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation of tea leaves.The absence of solar UV-B reduced the transcriptional expression of CsGLKs in the tea leaves and was highly correlated with a decrease in flavonoid levels(especially flavonol glycosides)and the expression of genes and TFs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation.In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsGLKs could be regulated by the UV-B signal mediator CsHY5,and could directly bind to the promoters of gene and TF involved in light-harvesting(CsLhcb),chlorophyll biosynthesis(CsCHLH,CsHEMA1,and CsPORA),and flavonoid accumulation(CsMYB12,CsFLSa,CsDFRa,and CsLARa),eventually leading to UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophylls and flavonoids of tea leaves.Furthermore,UV-B exposure increased the levels of total flavonoids,CsGLK1 protein,and expression of CsGLKs and target genes in the tea leaves.These results indicate that CsGLKs may modulate tea leaf characteristics by regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to solar UV-B.As the first report on UV-B-induced changes in flavonoid and chlorophyll regulation mediated by CsGLKs,this study improves our understanding of the environmental regulations regarding tea quality and sheds new light on UV-B-induced flavonoid responses in higher plants.

Variations in chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in Setaria EMS mutants

Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and high transformation efficiency,has been widely accepted as a model in photosynthesis and drought-tolerance research.The current study characterized Chl content,G_s,and P_n of 48 Setaria mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.A total of 24,34,and 35 mutants had significant variations in Chl content,G_s,and P_n,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between increased G_s and increased P_n,and a weak correlation between decreased Chl b content and decreased P_n was also found.Remarkably,two mutants behaved with significantly decreased Chl b content but increased P_n compared to Yugu 1.Seven mutants behaved with significantly decreased G_s but did not decrease P_(n )compared to Yugu 1.The current study thus identified various genetic lines,further exploration of which would be beneficial to elucidate the relationship between Chl content,G_s,and P_n and the mechanism underlying why C_4 species are efficient at photosynthesis and water saving.

Natural variations and geographical distributions of seed carotenoids and chlorophylls in 1167 Chinese soybean accessions

Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.

Retrieving chlorophyll content and equivalent water thickness of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens) forests under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao-induced stress from Sentinel-2A/B images in a multiple LUTs-based PROSAIL framework

Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL(PROSAIL)radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion.However,the presence of leaf-eating pests,such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao(PPC),weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered.Therefore,this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables(LUTs)based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels.Quantitative inversions of leaf area index(LAI),leaf chlorophyll content(LCC),and leaf equivalent water thickness(LEWT)were derived.The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content(CCC)and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness(CEWT)were calculated.The results showed that LAI,CCC,and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress.When applying multiple LUTs,the p-values were<0.01;the R2 values for LAI,CCC,and CEWT were 0.71,0.68,and 0.65 with root mean square error(RMSE)(normalized RMSE,NRMSE)values of 0.38(0.16),17.56μg cm-2(0.20),and 0.02 cm(0.51),respectively.Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model,for October,R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT,respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35μg cm-2 for CCC.The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model,while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels,was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.

Chlorophyllase is transcriptionally regulated by CsMYB308/CsDOF3 in young leaves of tea plant

Chlorophyll contributes to tea coloration, which is an important factor in tea quality. Chlorophyll metabolism is induced by light, but the transcriptional regulation responsible for light-induced chlorophyll metabolism is largely unknown in tea leaves. Here, we characterized a chlorophyllase1 gene CsCLH1 from young tea leaves and showed it is essential for chlorophyll metabolism, using transient overexpression and silencing in tea leaves and ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. CsCLH1 was significantly induced by high light. The DOF protein CsDOF3, an upstream direct regulator of CsCLH1, was also identified. Acting as a nuclear-localized transcriptional factor, CsDOF3 responded for light and repressed CsCLH1 transcription and increased chlorophyll content by directly binding to the AAAG cis-element in the CsCLH1 promoter. CsDOF3was able to physically interact with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB308 and interfere with transcriptional activity of CsCLH1. In addition, CsMYB308 binds to the CsCLH1 promoter to enhance CsCLH1 expression and decrease chlorophyll content. CsMYB308 and CsDOF3 act as an antagonistic complex to regulate CsCLH1 transcription and chlorophyll in young leaves. Collectively, the study adds to the understanding of the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll in tea leaves in response to light and provides a basis for improving the appearance of tea.

Analysis of Seasonal Differences of Chlorophyll,Dimethylsulfide,and Ice Between the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea

Arctic Ocean(AO)climate is closely related to sea ice concentration(ICE)and chlorophyll_a(CHL)concentrations.From 2003–2014,the spatial average concentrations of CHL,ICE,sea surface temperature(SST),wind speed(WIND)in the Greenland Sea region(GS)(20˚W–10˚E,70˚–80˚N)and the Barents Sea region(BS)(30˚–50˚E,70˚–80˚N)are analysed and com-pared.Higher CHL was observed in BS,about 60%higher than that in GS.Compared with the northern regions of BS and GS(BSN and GSN),CHL in the southern region of BS and GS(BSS and GSS)increased by 77%and 42%respectively.More ice melting in BSN is the main reason for phytoplankton proliferation.In 2010,there was an unusual peak of CHL concentration in GSN.The sea-sonal peaks of CHL appeared two weeks earlier in BS than in GS.The earlier and more extensive ice melting and the persistent nega-tive North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)index may be the reasons for higher CHL blooms in 2010.The spatial average ICE concentra-tion of BS in BSN and BSS is 27%and 1.2%respectively.Negative NAO in the previous winter may lead to an increase in ICE in spring.NAO has a great influence on CHL and ICE in GS.Ice melting is positively correlated with CHL,especially in GS in recent decades,CHL has a significant positive correlation with surface mass concentration of dimethylsulfide(DMS),especially in GS.As an indicator of Arctic warming,BS needs more attention from Arctic researchers.

Effects of multiple dynamic processes on chlorophyll variation in the Luzon Strait in summer 2019 based on glider observation

Luzon Strait is the main channel connecting the South China Sea(SCS)and the western Pacific,with complex atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes.Based on 44 days of glider measurements and satellite observations,we investigated the temporal and vertical variations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the Luzon Strait from July 25 to September 6,2019.The Chl a was mainly distributed above 200 m and concentrated in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum(SCM)layer.The depth of SCM ranged between 50 m and 110 m,and the magnitude of SCM varied from 0.42 mg/m3 to 1.12 mg/m3.The variation of Chl a was identified with three stages responding to different dynamic processes.Under the influence of Kuroshio intrusion,the SCM depth sharply deepened,and its magnitude decreased in Stage 1.Afterward,a prominent Chl-a bloom was observed in the SCM layer from August 6 to August 16.The Chl-a bloom in Stage 2 was related to the influence of a cyclonic eddy,which uplifted of the thermocline and thus the deep nutrients.During Stage 3,prolonged heavy rainfall in the northeastern SCS resulted in a significant salinity decrease in the upper ocean.The convergence of upper water deepened the thermocline and the mixed layer.Thus,the Chl a decreased in the SCM layer but increased in the surface layer.In particular,a typhoon passed through the Luzon Strait on August 24,which induced the Chl a increase in the upper 50 m.However,there was little change in the depth-integrated Chl a(0-200 m),indicating that the Chl a increase in the surface layer was likely associated with physical entrainment of SCM caused by strong mixing,rather than the phytoplankton bloom in the upper water column.Underwater gliders provide frequent autonomous observations that help us understand the regional ocean’s complex dynamic processes and biological responses.

Declined trends of chlorophyll a in the South China Sea over 2005–2019 from remote sensing reconstruction

Chlorophyll a concentration(CHL)is an important proxy of the marine ecological environment and phytoplankton production.Long-term trends in CHL of the South China Sea(SCS)reflect the changes in the ecosystem’s productivity and functionality in the regional carbon cycle.In this study,we applied a previously reconstructed 15-a(2005–2019)CHL product,which has a complete coverage at 4 km and daily resolutions,to analyze the long-term trends of CHL in the SCS.Quantile regression was used to elaborate on the long-term trends of high,median,and low CHL values,as an extended method of conventional linear regression.The results showed downward trends of the SCS CHL for the 75th,50th,and 25th quantile in the past 15 a,which were−0.0040 mg/(m^(3)·a)(−1.62%per year),−0.0023 mg/(m^(3)·a)(−1.10%per year),and−0.0019 mg/(m^(3)·a)(−1.01%per year).The negative trends in winter(November to March)were more prominent than those in summer(May to September).In terms of spatial distribution,the downward trend was more significant in regions with higher CHL.These led to a reduced standard deviation of CHL over time and space.We further explored the influence of various dynamic factors on CHL trends for the entire SCS and two typical systems(winter Luzon Strait(LZ)and summer Vietnam Upwelling System(SV))with single-variate linear regression and multivariate Random Forest analysis.The multivariate analysis suggested the CHL trend pattern can be best explained by the trends of wind speed and mixed-layer depth.The divergent importance of controlling factors for LZ and SV can explain the different CHL trends for the two systems.This study expanded our understanding of the long-term changes of CHL in the SCS and provided a reference for investigating changes in the marine ecosystem.

Effects of Heat Stress during Seed Filling Stage on Brassica napus Seed Oil Accumulation and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics

As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.

Comparative Evaluation of Humic Substances: Effect at Cell Level and Chlorophyll Retention during Accelerated Senescence

The influence of humic substances (HS) formulations derived from sedimentary and compost sources was studied on plant growth at cell level and chlorophyll retention during accelerated senescence of leaf tissue. The direct effect of HS formulations was studied on cell expansion using cucumber and radish cotyledon expansion test. The cucumber hypocotyl elongation test was used to study the effect on cell elongation. Chlorophyll pigment retention in excised leaf tissue incubated in dark with high temperature was assessed to study the effect on leaf senescence. Explant tissues were incubated directly in the solutions of the formulations at the concentration recommended for foliar application to the crop plants. HS formulations showed significant variations in their direct bio-stimulatory effects. Formulations derived from compost sources were found superior in terms of inducing a direct stimulatory effect on cell expansion and cell elongation and in maintaining chlorophyll pigment retention during accelerated senescence. HS from sedimentary sources stimulated cell expansion and delayed chlorophyll degradation to a lesser extent compared to HS from compost. However, HS formulations derived from sedimentary sources used in this study were not effective in inducing cell elongation in the cucumber hypocotyl elongation test. The direct bio-stimulatory effect of HS formulations differed significantly between the formulations that were evaluated.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Response of Persimmon Plants under Salt Stress

[Objectives]To study the photosynthetic response mechanism of persimmon seedlings to salt stress.[Methods]The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Diospyros virginiana and Diospyros lotus seedlings under 4%salt stress were studied by pot culture salt control method,including the minimal fluorescence(F_(0)),maximum fluorescence(F_(m)),potential activity of PS II(F_(v)/F_(0)),maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II(F_(v)/F_(m)),electron transport rate(ETR),actual photochemical efficiency of PS II(Y II),and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(p)).[Results]Under 4%salt stress,the maximum fluorescence(F_(m)),maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II(F v/F m),and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(p))of two persimmon plants decreased with time.The potential activity of PS II(F_(v)/F_(0)),actual photochemical efficiency of PS II(Y_(II)),and electron transport rate(ETR)decreased under salt stress.[Conclusions]This study indicates that the PS II reaction center in the persimmon leaves was damaged and the electron transport at the acceptor side was damaged under salt stress.It is expected to lay a foundation for the analysis of salt-tolerance mechanism of persimmon plants.

不同品种山核桃幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较分析

为了给不同品种山核桃高效栽培提供科学依据,开展5个山核桃品种幼苗叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的比较分析来筛选高光效品种,以2年生山核桃为研究对象,采用光合测定仪(LI-6800)及叶绿素荧光仪(MINI-PAM-Ⅱ)测定5个品种山核桃的叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性,进行相关性分析,并利用隶属函数法对光合能力进行综合评价。相关性分析结果显示:5个山核桃品种P_(n)、C_(i)、G_(s)、T_(r)、WUE等指标均达到极显著差异;净光合速率与G_(s)、T_(r)呈极显著正相关,C_(i)与G_(s)、Y_(II)呈显著性正相关,与qP呈显著性负相关。隶属函数分析表明,供试品种的光合能力依次为:宁国山核桃2号>宁国山核桃4号>宁国山核桃3号>宁国山核桃5号>宁国山核桃1号。可见5个山核桃品种光合特性存在差异。宁国山核桃2号和3号光合能力较强,蒸腾速率较高,水分利用率低,生产中宜选择水肥条件较好的造林地;宁国山核桃4号耗散过剩光能热量的能力最强,具有较高的光保护能力,其他山核桃品种幼林期建议间作高杆玉米等适度遮阴。

干旱-复水对桂西北喀斯特地区青冈栎幼苗叶片光合能力、叶绿素荧光和显微结构的影响

【目的】探讨喀斯特地区适生种青冈栎幼苗对“干旱-复水”环境的适应机制,为该地区植被恢复和人工造林提供理论依据。【方法】以当年生实生苗为材料,通过盆栽控水试验研究4种土壤干旱胁迫强度[对照(-0.1 MPa)、轻度干旱(-0.5 MPa)、中度干旱(-0.9 MPa)和重度干旱(-1.5 MPa)]及复水处理对叶片水分状况、光合效率、叶绿素荧光和解剖结构参数的影响。【结果】(1)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片相对含水率、水势、净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))均显著降低,而气孔限制值(L_(s))显著增加,但轻度胁迫下各光合参数以及轻中度胁迫下瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)均不受显著影响。复水后,各干旱处理叶片水分参数、P_(n)、T_(r)、Gs、C_(i)、WUE均比复水前提高,L_(s)比复水前降低;轻度胁迫复水后叶片水分和光合参数均优于对照,中度胁迫仅L_(s)未恢复,重度胁迫复水后叶片水分和光合参数均未恢复。(2)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片初始荧光(F_(o))显著增加,最大荧光(F_(m))、最大光化学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))和潜在光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(o))均显著下降,且在轻度胁迫下均与对照显著差异。复水后,各干旱胁迫处理F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(m)和F_(v)/F_(o)比复水前提高,而F_(o)均略低于复水前,轻度胁迫复水后各叶绿素荧光参数均恢复或优于对照,中度和重度胁迫复水后F_(o)未恢复,且重度胁迫复水后F_(v)/F_(m)仅为0.75。(3)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片厚度、上下表皮厚度、气孔密度、主脉导管直径均显著增加,叶片气孔器长度、宽度、开口面积、海绵组织厚度均显著降低,而栅栏组织厚度、栅海比和主脉厚度均表现为中度>轻度>对照>重度。复水后,各干旱胁迫处理气孔开口面积和主脉厚度比复水前显著提高;而轻度胁迫叶片结构参数也均恢复或优于对照,中度胁迫气孔开口面积仍显著低于对照,重度胁迫气孔开口未能恢复打开,主脉厚度也低于对照。【结论】青冈栎幼苗有较强耐旱性和旱后恢复能力,适合作为喀斯特地区的生态恢复树种,但在青冈栎幼苗抚育阶段应免受中度以上干旱胁迫(-0.9 MPa),以利于旱后恢复生长。

硝酸钾配施有机肥对早熟禾生长及养分吸收的影响

早熟禾草坪在盐碱土壤上建植3~4年后会发生明显的退化,研究园林养护中采用硝酸钾配施有机肥的方式为其提供营养,对促进植株生长和提高坪用质量具有重要意义。试验设置在城市绿化带中,设置空白对照(K1)、硝酸钾化肥对照(K2)、化肥+发酵饼肥(K3)、化肥+腐殖酸复混肥(K4)4个处理,每个处理3次重复,研究了早熟禾生长和养分吸收变化。结果表明:K3与K1相比,在7~10月有利于提高早熟禾干物质积累量、含水量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,显著提高了植株氮、磷、钾吸收量;K3与K2相比,在8~9月显著提高了干物质积累量,7月和10月显著提高了叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,8~10月提高了氮磷钾养分吸收量;K3与K4相比,在7~9月提高了干物质积累量,7~10月显著提高了叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,促进了氮磷钾营养元素的吸收。综合分析认为,硝酸钾配施发酵饼肥为适宜施肥处理。

巢湖水体中磷的季节性波动及其驱动因

浅水湖泊中磷的季节性波动是湖泊生态系统响应环境变化的重要过程,揭示湖泊中磷的季节性波动过程及其影响因素是科学和有效实施湖泊管控的关键。本研究利用巢湖2012-2023年的连续逐月监测数据,分析巢湖水体中磷的季节性变化规律及其驱动因素。结果表明:巢湖水体中磷呈现明显的年内波动模式,其中2-4月份是一年水体中磷的低值时段,而后逐渐升高,8-10月份达到年度水体中磷的高值时段,高值时段总磷浓度比低值时段平均高0.058 mg/L,平均增加84%,而且这个波动幅度从东到西逐步升高。浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a的年内变动模式与水体中磷的波动模式并不匹配,其中浮游植物生物量的年内峰值较磷的年内峰值出现更早,而冬季仍是浮游植物生物量和叶绿素a浓度较高时段,水体中磷的浓度却相对较低,藻类年内波动幅度对磷的波动幅度解释率不足10%,表明巢湖水体中磷的季节性波动受浮游植物的年内变化影响有限。巢湖水体中磷的年内波动模式可能主要受内源磷的自然释放过程驱动,藻类的泵吸作用和外源污染入湖的调节作用并不明显。本研究提升了对浅水湖泊中磷季节性变化规律的认识,对湖泊内源污染的管控策略制定具有重要的科学意义。

油菜角果叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用研究

该文研究油菜叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用,探讨其在作物生长监测、营养管理与施肥优化、病虫害预测与防控等方面的重要性。通过分析突出该技术在提高农业生产效率、实现资源精细管理方面的广泛应用。最后,该文也讨论该技术面临的测量误差与精度问题、传感器的稳定性与耐久性等挑战,期望通过不断深化研究,该技术能够更好地服务于现代农业的可持续发展与智能化管理。

呼伦贝尔草原生长季叶绿素荧光的特征及其对气象条件变化的响应

在2022年生长季内,基于轨道植被观测仪(型号NZD-G1)对呼伦贝尔草原开展了日光诱导叶绿素荧光(Solar-Induce chlorophyll Fluorescence, SIF)的原位观测。相较于归一化植被指数,SIF的低频变化分量同样可以表征植物在生长季内的长势变化,而高频变化可以更清楚地监测植物内光合作用的生理过程,且其高频变化与气象条件密切相关。土壤水含量和SIF的关系是非线性的,当降水持续偏多导致土壤偏涝时,牧草的生理代谢减弱,光合作用减缓(SIF值偏低);当前期降水适量导致土壤湿润,且太阳辐射较强时,SIF值可以持续稳定在较高水平,植物光合作用旺盛,长势良好。而在生长季后期,偏凉的秋雨会显著降低植物的光合作用,且后期难以恢复。