新型均相酶法检测sd LDL—C试剂盒的性能评价

目的 评价小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（sd LDL-C）均相酶法检测试剂盒的性能.方法参照CLSI EP文件及其它文献,评估新型sd LDL-C均相酶法液态双试剂检测试剂盒的灵敏度、精密度、线性范围、抗干扰能力和携带污染率,并以密度梯度超速离心法（DUGC）为参比方法,评价新型sd LDL-C均相酶法液态试剂盒的准确度.结果均相法各项精密度及特异度良好,灵敏度可达0.048 mmol/L,低值样本和高值样本的总精密度分别为8.69%和4.64%,测定结果与DUGC法相关性良好（Y=1.065 4X-1.8354）,线性范围上限可达2.634 mmol/L,可以抵抗临床中常见的干扰现象,符合试剂说明书的参数和临床应用的要求.结论新型sd LDL-C均相酶法检测试剂盒各项性能良好,是一种可用于临床常规的快速简便sd LDL-C检测方法.

维生素 C 对 LDL 受体活性的影响

研究了维生素Ｃ（ＶＣ）对培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）受体活性的影响。从ＬＤＬ受体饱和分析和Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图以及单点分析表明，ＶＣ可增加细胞ＬＤＬ受体量，但不影响受体对ＬＤＬ的亲和力。提示ＶＣ通过增加ＬＤＬ受体活性而促进胆固醇代谢，具有一定的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。

益经汤对去势雌性大鼠体重和TC LDL HDL影响的研究

目的:探讨益经汤对去势雌性大鼠体重和血脂的影响。方法:大鼠分为模型组和假手术组,模型组大鼠结扎切除卵巢,假手术组大鼠手术暴露卵巢但不切除。造模成功后,随机分为假手术组、模型组、益经汤高剂量组(24 g/kg)、益经汤低剂量组(12 g/kg)、西药补佳乐组(0.09 mg/kg)。假手术组和模型组灌同等体积的生理盐水,每天1次,连续给药6周后,腹主动脉采血,分离血清测定总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。实验大鼠随机分组后,称初重,手术4周后称重,采集标本前称终重。结果:模型组动物体重明显增加,与假手术组、益经汤高剂量组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01);益经汤高剂量组在降低TC、LDL方面,与模型组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:益经汤高低剂量组和西药补佳乐组可明显延缓去势雌性大鼠体重增长,益经汤高剂量组能够纠正去势雌性大鼠的脂代谢紊乱状态。

Potential antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon citratus on OxLDL and H_(2)O_(2) LDL induced Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC)

Cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass)is commonly used in traditional folk medicine.The essential oil extracted from C.citratus has been reported as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.This study has been designed to explore the protective effect of C.citratus(lemon grass)against modified LDL(OxLDL and H2O2 LDL)induced cytotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC).The essential oil extracted from C.citratus(EOC)was subjected to FT-IR spectroscopic analysis for the identification of functional groups.In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out to assess the electron donating capability of EOC as compared with a known standard L-ascorbic acid.The cytoprotective effects of EOC were determined in PBMC induced with modified LDL.Spectra obtained from FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional groups in EOC such as H-bonded,O-H stretching,N-H stretching,aldehyde-C-H stretching,aldehyde/ketone-C=O stretching,-C=C-stretching,-CH_(3) bending,-C-H in plane bending.EOC has greater antioxidant property when compared with the standard L-ascorbic acid.EOC at all test concentrations demonstrated free radical scavenging activity and cytoprotective effect when challenged against modified LDL in PBMC.The above results show EOC as a promising antioxidant and cytoprotective agent.

糖尿病患者ox LDL、Lp(a)的检测意义

目的:了解糖尿病患者血浆axLDL和血清Lp(a)的变化。方法:用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测。结果:表明糖尿病患者axLDL和Lp(a)与健康对照组比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01),糖尿病Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。意义:axLDL和Lp(a)升高与糖尿病有密切关系。

Effect of swirling flow on LDL and ox-LDL uptake in rabbit thoracic aorta

Object To elucidate the physiological significance of the spiral flow in the arterial system from the viewpoint of atherogenic lipid transport,an ex vivo experimental comparative

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Is Associated with Dyslipidemia and Increased Levels of Oxidized LDL in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Emerging data now indicate and address the strong relationship between H. pylori infection and the incidence of Type 2 DM, a growing body of evidence suggests that the infection with H. pylori may be associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, long-term diabetes complications, and cardiovascular risk factors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the infection with Helicobacter pylori and disturbance in Lipid profile in Type 2 Diabetic patients. One hundred and five participants were enrolled, categorized into two groups of H. pylori positive cases and negative controls according to their results of H. pylori IgG antibodies. Subjects in both groups fill the structured questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for measuring the FBS, 2hr-PP blood sugar, HbA1c, Lipid profile and oxidized LDL. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. The study methodology was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee in the Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA. 48 cases (45.7%) were diagnosed as H. pylori seropositive and 57 (54.3%) were negative. There is no significant difference in the mean age or mean BMI between the H. pylori negative and positive cases. Glycemic control was similar in the two groups. Total Cholesterol was higher in cases of positive H. pylori compared to negative controls (P < 0.001) and Triglycerides was significantly elevated too (P < 0.005). No significant difference in the levels of HDL-Cholesterol between the two groups, while the mean LDL-Cholesterol was found to be significantly increased in cases of H. pylori positive compared to negative controls (P < 0.001). Oxidized LDL levels in the positive cases was found to be increased significantly (P = 0.001) compared to negative controls. Infection with H. pylori is associated with increased levels of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-C and oxidized LDL in Type 2 Diabetic patients.

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆CXC趋化因子配体16 TC TG HDL-C LDL-C检测及相关性研究

目的:通过检测血浆中CXC趋化因子配体16 TC TG HDL-C LDL-C的含量,探讨与ACS的关系。方法:采用ELISA法定量检测血浆CXCL16含量,同时用全自动生化分析仪检测TC TG HDL-C LDL-C在血浆中的含量。结果:血清水平LDL-C在冠心病各组及胸痛对照组中差异有统计学意义,各组血浆CXC16水平差异有统计学意义。结论:我国随着生活水平的提高,在中等以上城市高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化病的发生越来越多,ACS包括不稳定性心绞痛(UAP),非ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)和ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)稳定性心绞痛(SAP),是严重威胁人类生命的重大疾病之一。高脂血症特别是高TC高LDL-C在动脉粥样硬形成中起重要作用。人CXC趋化因子配体16是属于CXC趋化因子亚家族的重要成员,它以可化溶性或跨膜表达2种形式存在,具有趋化因子、清道夫受体及黏附分子等3种分子的功能,在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起重要作用,因此对它们的研究及探讨对急性冠状动脉综合征的影响越来越受到人们的重视。

Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL- precipitation(HELP): Mode of action, safety and clinical experience(2)

Rheological effects of acute and chronic HELP - treatment The acute reduction of rheologically relevant plasma constituents such as fibrinogen and largesized lipoproteins significantly improves whole blood and plasma viscosity by a decrease of approximately 15%, erythrocyte aggregability decreases by 53% whereas erythrocyte filtrability improves by 10% (figure 3).……

Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL-precipitation(HELP):Mode of action, safety and clinical experience(3)

Safety and practicability of the HELP procedure Compared to standard plasma exchange, HELP-apheresis is much better tolerated, primarily be-cause heparin rather than citrate is used for anti-coagulation and therefore problems due to hypercalce-mia do not play a role.……

Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Ferulate on Proliferation of Rabbit Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Oxidized LDL

The effects of sodium ferulate(SF), a water-soluble element of Chinese medicine Angelica sinensis diels, on cell-mediated oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) and proliferation of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells(SMCs) were investigated. Using experimental models of proliferation of cultured rabbit aortic SMCs induced by oxidized LDL(ox-LDL), the extent of oxidation was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) method, MTT colorimetry and 3H-thymidine(3H-TdR) incorporation were used to observe proliferation of SMCs. It showed that SF effectively inhibited cell-mediated oxidation induced by Cu2+ in a concentration-dependent manner. At the final concentration of 40, 80, 120 gmL-1, SF could significantly inhibit 3H-TdR incorporation and cell Proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that SF could, in vitro protect LDL against oxidative modification and inhibit the proliferation of SMC, which might be due to its free radical scavenging capacity.

Comparison between the Effects of Intraperitoneal Injection of LDL and Intravenous Injection of LDL on Arterial Endothelial Cells Apoptosis

To observe the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) on arterial endothelial cells apoptosis in vivo, we established a model in which Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperi-toneal and intravenous injection of unmodified LDL (8 mg/kg every day) via the tail vein. Seven days after the injection, the aortic endothelial cells specimens were prepared by an en face preparation of rat aorta. The apoptotic cells were identified and counted by in situ nick and labelling (TUNED method and light microscopy. The numbers of the apoptotic cells were 12. 52±4. 71/field in the in-traperitoneal injection control group, 11. 41±2. 94/field in the intravenous injection control group, 22. 98±8. 01/field in the intraperitoneal injection LDL group and 103. 8±11. 5/field in the intravenous injection LDL group, respectively. The difference was significant between injection LDL group and control (P<0. 01), and the difference was also significant between two LDL injection groups (P<0. 01). These findings suggest that injection of LDL can induce apoptosis in arterial endothelial cells and the effect is especially significant with intravenous injection LDL. After injection, oxidative modification of LDL may occur in local arteries and causes injury to the endothelial cells.

The Application of the LDL Principle

The LDL Principle has recently been invoked to describe the observation that lowering the LDL cholesterol (by whatever means) results in a lowering of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. The scientific basis of the LDL Principle dates back to the discovery that the LDL receptor is the prime determinant of the circulating LDL-c concentration. Since that time, major advances have been made at both the basic and clinical science level in our understanding of the pathogenesis and reversal of atherosclerosis. The incorporation of atherogenic lipoproteins plus inflammatory mediators into plaque formation permits the targeted intervention into preventing plaque rupture. In addition, genetic studies identifying individuals with unique phenotypes of either abnormally high or low LDL-c concentrations have provided insight into possible therapeutic modalities that have recently provided the physician with the tools necessary to apply the LDL Principle to achieve reversal of atherosclerosis. The epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has resulted in numerous randomized controlled intervention trials in an attempt to identify approaches to reduce ASCD morbidity and mortality. Recently published data indicate that circulating LDL-c levels of 50 mg/dl or less are not only physiologic at birth but also effective in greatly reducing cardiovascular disease. In addition, the recent availability of two PCSK9 inhibitors provides the primary care physician with the possibility of achieving this low level of LDL-c even in statin intolerant patients. The widespread availability of the coronary artery calcium scan plus the inclusion of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in risk assessment has enabled the physician to readily identify asymptomatic individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events. Aggressively applying the LDL Principle to these individuals has the potential of greatly reducing cardiovascular mortality. This review will document the scientific basis for this principle and provide the arguments in favor of its aggressive application.

Effect of Dai-Saiko-To (Da-Chai-Hu-Tang) on LDL-Receptor Gene Expression in Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2)

We previously reported that Dai-saiko-to (Da-Chai-Hu-Tang), a traditional Japanese kampo medicine, increased LDL receptor mRNA expression in the liver of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In this study, we focused on LDL receptor gene expression in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) treated with Dai-saiko-to extract and the extracts of eight herbs presented in Dai-saiko-to. Dai-saiko-to extract significantly increased LDL receptor gene and SREBP2 gene expression compared with the control. The extracts of four herbs, Bupleurum root, Pinellia tuber, Scutellaria root and Peony root significantly increased the LDL receptor gene expression. Whereas, Jujube, Immature orange, Ginger and Rhubarb extracts did not change the gene expression. These results suggest that Dai-saiko-to increased the expression of the cholesterol transport gene (LDL receptor) regulated by SREBP2 gene in the human hepatoma cell line. The pharmacological activity of Dai-saiko-to against hypercholesterolemia and atheromatous lesions related for these four herbal components.

EFFECT OF HERB-MEDICINE-CAKE-SEPARATED MOXIBUSTION ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CONTENTS AND RATIO OF HDL-Ch AND LDL-Ch IN HYPERLIPEMIA RABBITS

Objective: To observe the effect of herb-medicine-cake-separated moxibustion on serum lipoprotein in hyperlipemia rabbits. Methods: 55 New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=13), model group (n=14), direct moxibustion group (n=14) and herb-medicine-cake-separated moxibustion (indirect moxibustion) group (n=14). Hyperlipemia model was established by feeding the animals with specialized forage (15% vitellus powder, 5% lard, 0.5% cholesterol and common forage) for 6 weeks. Moxibustion was applied to “Juque”(CV 14), “Tianshu”(ST 25), “Fenglong”(ST 40), etc., 4 moxa-cones for every acupoint, once daily and continuously for 40 days. Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and total cholesterol (TCh) contents were assayed with colorimetric method. Results: Compared with control group, serum LDL-Ch content, HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch and HDL-Ch/TCh of model group were significantly higher (P<0.05～0.01), while compared with model group, LDL-Ch contents of two moxibustion groups were strikingly lower (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between two moxibustion groups in all the 4 indexes. Conclusion: Both direct and indirect moxibustion can effectively lower serum LDL-Ch, raise HDL-Ch, HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch and HDL-Ch/TCh, and regulate lipoprotein metabolism in hyperlipemia rabbits.

Sesamol inhibits atherogenic LDL-induced endothelial cell senescence in vivo and in vitro

OBJECTIVE Highly electronegative L5 low-density lipoprotein(LDL),an atherogenic LDL,induces endothelial cell(EC)senescence and has been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis.We examine whether sesamol,a natural organic compound and component of sesame oil,prevents EC senescence induced by electronegative LDL(L5)and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.METHODS Syrian hamsters,which have a LDL profile similar to that of humans,were fed a normal chow diet(control),a high-fat diet(HFD),or a HFD supplemented with the administration of 50 or 100mg·kg-1 sesamol via oral gavage(HFD+sesamol)for 16 weeks(n=10 per group).Among these groups,we compared plasma L5 levels and aortic endothelial senescence in the aortic arch.In vitro,we examined the effects of sesamol on human aortic endothelial cell(HAEC)senescence and signaling pathways induced by L5.RESULTS Hamsters in the HFD group had higher plasma L5 levels than did the HFD+sesamol groups or control group.Betagalactosidase(gal)staining showed that aortic endothelial senescence was markedly increased in the aortic arch of the HFD group but not in that of the HFD+sesamol groups when compared with the control group.In vitro,treatment of HAECs with sesamol(1-3mol·L-1)blocked L5-induced EC senescence in a dose-dependent manner.Sesamol also markedly inhibited the L5-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p53 activation and increased Mdm2 and phosphorylation of Akt.CONCLUSION The critical findings of this study suggest that sesamol may provide protection against atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease in humans.

影响白血病细胞株 K_(562) 对 LDL-ACM 复合物摄取因素的研究

以低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）为阿克拉霉素（ＡＣＭ）的载体，以游离ＡＣＭ为对照，体外研究ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物对白血病细胞株Ｋ５６２的细胞毒作用及其影响因素。结果显示：（１）Ｋ５６２细胞对ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物摄取较游离ＡＣＭ明显增加，在前３０ｍｉｎ摄取较快，随时间延长摄取逐渐减慢；（２）过量的天然ＬＤＬ、肝素及低温均可使细胞摄取复合物明显减少，而过量的ＨＤＬ则无影响，去脂蛋白血清预刺激的细胞摄取复合物明显增多；（３）对Ｋ５６２细胞的细胞毒作用随复合物浓度增加而逐渐增强，达１０ｍｇ／Ｌ以上时，增加药物浓度其细胞毒作用不再加强。

The New Molecular Entity Evolocumab, One Kind of PCSK9 Inhibitor, Reduce Plasma Small Size LDL-Cholesterol Levels by Using a New Standardized Method of Measuring LDL Size

Aims: There has been no evidence on the effects of evolocumab, protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, on small size LDL. We observationally investigated the efficacy and side effects of evolocumab on the LDL subfraction particle diameter using PAGE system for lipoprotein analysis. Methods: We defined 30 patients with high-risk hyperlipidemia. As for analysis of LDL subfraction profile, we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis three methods: 1) 3% nondenatured poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis method (3%PAGE), 2) 2% - 16% nondenatured poly-acrylamide gradient gel electro-phoresis method (2% - 16% GGE) and 3) 2.7% - 5% GGE. Evolocumab 140 mg/day administered together with statin significantly improved serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-dense lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C after four-week treatment. Results: TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels were improved by, respectively, 33%, 20%, 10%, and 54%. The mean LDL size significantly increased from 25.6 ± 0.4 nm to 26.4 ± 0.8 nm. The small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C), large buoyant LDL-cholesterol (lbLDL-C), and mid-band lipoprotein-cholesterol were reduced, respectively. Therefore, the preliminary study on this paper can be the first step into a new insight on the world of lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Short-term administration of evolocumab addedons to statin therapy, significantly reduced small size LDL levels.

LP-PLA2、sd LDL-C、Hcy在冠心病中医证型中的临床价值及其与冠脉病变程度的相关性

目的探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LP-PLA2)、小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sd LDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平在冠心病(CHD)患者不同中医证型的价值及与冠脉病变程度的相关性。方法通过对2018年3~12月在聊城市中医医院心病科门诊和住院患者已确诊的300例冠心病患者,根据冠心病8种中医证型与同期40例健康对照组,进行一般资料以及实验室检测LP-PLA2、sd LDL-C、Hcy、GLU、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG指标水平。结果1.证型分布呈现气虚血瘀>气滞血瘀>痰阻心脉>气阴两虚>心血瘀阻>阳气虚衰>心肾阴虚>寒凝心脉。2.各中医证型与对照组比较,LDL-C、GLU、sd LDL-C、Hcy、LP-PA2与对照组比较,P<0.05;中医证型中气虚血瘀证、气滞血瘀证、痰阻心脉证、心血瘀阻证、寒凝心脉证的sd LDL-C、Hcy、LP-PA2水平显著高于气阴两虚证、阳气虚衰证、心肾阴虚证、对照组(P<0.05)。3.冠脉狭窄程度与sd LDL-C、Hcy、LP-PA2水平呈正相关,根据三项指标水平可推断CHD患者各中医证型狭窄程度依次为痰阻心脉证>心血瘀阻证>气虚血瘀证>气滞血瘀证>寒凝心脉证>气阴两虚证>阳气虚衰证>心肾阴虚证。结论sd LDL-C、Hcy、LP-PA2水平与冠心病狭窄程度呈正相关,在冠心病各中医证型冠脉病变程度辅助诊断上的有一定的参考。

Modulation by Insulin of the Co-Localized LDL Receptor in Normal and Type-I Diabetic Subjects

Ongoing insulin therapy maintains LDL receptors at highly expressed state in Type-1 diabetic people;yet Type-1 diabetics are liable of having higher plasma LDL level. This disparity has raised doubt on the probability of existence of functionally active LDL receptor in such people. Confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation have made it evident that a portion of insulin and LDL receptors remain together in a co-localized mode, which only gets freed in presence of insulin. The findings of this study have shown that insulin therapy protects Type-1 diabetic people from the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by decimating the inactivity of the co-localized LDL receptors in addition to its regular effect of having increased glucose tolerance. The existence of co-localized state of these two receptors and their dependence on insulin for independent activity has, at least, presented a reason for developing hypercholesterolemia and advanced coronary atherosclerotic lesion in chronic Type-1 diabetic subjects.