N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and hypertonic glucose with 72% chromated glycerin in gastric varices

AIM: To compare n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and a mixture of 72% chromated glycerin with hypertonic glucose solution in management of gastric varices. METHODS: Ninety patients with gastric varices presented to Endoscopy Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital were included. They were randomly allocated into three groups; each group included 30 patients treated with intravariceal sclerosant injections in biweekly sessions till complete obturation of gastric varices; Group I(n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Histoacryl), Group II(iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Amcrylate) and Group III(mixture of 72% chromated glycerin; Scleremo with glucose solution 25%). All the procedures were performed electively without active bleeding. Recruited patients were followed up for 3 mo. RESULTS: 26% of Scleremo group had bleeding during puncture vs 3.3% in each of the other two groups with significant difference,(P < 0.05). None of Scleremo group had needle obstruction vs 13.3% in each of the other two groups with no significant difference,(P > 0.05). Rebleeding occurred in 13.3% of Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups vs 0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. The in hospital mortality was 6.6% in both Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups, while it was 0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. In the first and second sessions, the amount of Scleremo needed for obturation was significantly high, while the amount of Histoacryl was significantly low. Scleremo was the less costly of the two treatments. CONCLUSION: All used sclerosant substances showed efficacy and success in management of gastric varices with no significant differences except in total amount, cost and bleeding during puncture.

The Influence of Microscopic Fungi on Chromated Galvanized Zinc Coatings

A solution containing Cr(VI), Cr(NO3)3 and its complex with an organic acid as well as several commercial solutions containing Cr(III) complexes with an organic acid and additionally CO2+, F-, SO42- ions were used for the studies. Results of the studies obtained in the following commercial solutions: Likonda 2AT, Cr(NO3)3 + malonic acid;Likonda 3Cr5 and Likonda 3CrMC are discussed. Steel coated with chromated Zn coatings was contaminated by some microscopic fungi. The variety of fungi on chromated plates diminished, however the propagules of fungi did not disappear completely. The Likonda 3Cr5 solution diminishes fungi contamination on chromated steel most effectively. In water used to rinse the surface of chromated plates the number of fungi propagules was detected to be higher as compared to that on the plate surface. The least quantity of fungi propagules was detected in water used to rinse plates coated in the Likonda 3Cr5 solution. The main part of fungi detected on chromated plates treated in the Likonda 3Cr5 solution were the fungi of Cladosporium species (C.herbarum, C.cladosporioides). The latter species also dominated on chromated plates coated with zinc and treated with the other solution. It should be mentioned, that on these plates chromated in this solution, Actinomycetes of the Streptomyces group were abundant. After comparison of surfaces of the plates treated in four solutions it has been determined that the surface of the plates treated in the Likonda 3Cr5 passivation solution and exposed to modelling conditions changed least of all. It has been noticed that on the subject studied white porous rust accumulates, the intensity of this process on the surface studied determines both the probability of corrosion and the resistance of the used safety means to the external factors.

Effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

Background:In this study,we explored the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(PC),and the role of Huangjiu in the processing procedure.Methods:The sensory characteristics of the crude product,steamed product,and wine-processed product of PC were described.The colorimeter was used to analyze the chromatic values of three different processed products on PC.At the same time,the contents of the water extract and alcohol extract were measured separately.The content of three different processing Polygonatum Polysaccharide(PCP)was determined using 0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid.The correlation difference between the chromatic values and chemical composition of different PC products was analyzed using various analytical methods.Results:The surface colors gradually deepened,the sweetness increased,the viscosity strengthened,and the tongue-numbing sensation disappeared after PC processing.The contents of extract and L*gradually decreased from the crude to the steamed to the wine-processed product,consistent with the pattern of surface color alteration.While,E*ab gradually increased.The content of PCP was crude product>wine-processed product>steamed product.The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the samples processed for crude,steamed,and wine-processed product were clustered into three classes.The correlation analysis showed that L*and E*ab were highly significant positively correlated with the content of PCP,and a*was significantly negatively correlated with the content of PCP.Conclusion:The results showed that the wine-processed product had the best quality.The internal quality of the PC was correlated with its characteristics and chromatic value.In this study,we investigated the internal and external quality of three different products of PC in order to provide a reference for further research on the impact of different processing methods on PC quality,the standardization of PC processing,and the role of Huangjiu in the processing of PC.

Influence of Production Sequence of Aluminum Alloy Hot Rolling on Strip Surface Quality

With the intensification of market competition in the aluminum alloy strip processing industry,it is dif-ficult to control the mass production of the same specifications,which is bound to affect the hot rolling production.This paper studied the effect of the hot rolling order of aluminum alloy on the surface quality of strip,such as roll printing,color difference,anodic oxidation,etc.,reasonable discharge sequence and corresponding optimization measures were formulated.

The Erdös-Faber-Lovász Conjecture for Gap-Restricted Hypergraphs

An edge coloring of hypergraph H is a function such that holds for any pair of intersecting edges . The minimum number of colors in edge colorings of H is called the chromatic index of H and is denoted by . Erdös, Faber and Lovász proposed a famous conjecture that holds for any loopless linear hypergraph H with n vertices. In this paper, we show that is true for gap-restricted hypergraphs. Our result extends a result of Alesandroni in 2021.

Mechanical Characterization of Broadband Achromatic Optical Vortex Metalens

Metalenses,which may effectively manipulate the wavefront of incident light,have been proposed and extensively utilized in the development of various planar optical devices for specialized purposes.However,similar to traditional lenses,the metalens suffers from chromatic aberration problems due to the significant phase dispersion in each unit structure and the limited operational bandwidth.To mitigate the impact of chromatic aberration,we integrate a phase compensation approach with a novel utilization of a phase shift function to define the adjusted phase criterion satisfied by each α-Si resonance unit.This approach may lead to development of an innovative optical tweezer known as an achromatic optical vortex metalens(AOVM),offering reliable focusing capabilities across the 1300 nm and 1600 nm incident light range.Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the optical properties of 200 nm diameter SiO_(2) particles at the focal plane of the AOVM.The trapping ability of the AOVM is successfully validated,exhibiting favorable characteristics including constant optical force,stable kinematic state of trapped particles,and consistent capture positions,surpassing those of the optical vortex metalens.

A novel method for designing crosstalk-free achromatic full Stokes imaging polarimeter

Metasurface-based polarimetry techniques have attracted lots of interests and been extensively studied in the past years,but are still hampered by narrow operating bandwidth and large crosstalk.Recently,Xian-Gang Luo's group proposed a new method of polarization-dependent phase optimization for the design of crosstalk-free,broadband achromatic,and full Stokes imaging polarimeter,which offers a promising platform for a wide range of applications including bio-photonics and integrated optics.

Chromatic and achromatic differences of melanin-and carotenoid-based plumage coloration in five minivet species(Pericrocotus spp.)under conspecific and predator visual systems

Adaptive mate choice has been accepted as the leading theory to explain the colorful plumage of birds.This theory hypothesizes that conspicuous colors act as signals to advertise the qualities of the owners.However,a dilemma arises in that conspicuous colors may not only attract mates,but also alert predators.The"private channels of communication"hypothesis proposes that some intraspecific signals may not be visible to heterospecific animals because of different visual systems.To better understand the evolution of plumage colors and sexual selection in birds,here we studied the chromatic difference and achromatic differences of melanin-and carotenoid-based plumage coloration in five minivet species(Pericrocotus spp.)under conspecific and predator visual systems.We found that either the chromatic or achromatic difference among male or female minivets’plumage was consistently higher under conspecific vision than under predator vision for all five studied species of minivets.This result indicated that individual differences in plumage colors of minivets were visible to the conspecific receivers and hidden from potential predators as a result of evolution under predation risk and conspecific communication.However,males were under a higher risk of predation because they were more conspicuous than females to the vision of a nocturnal predator.

Single-image night haze removal based on color channel transfer and estimation of spatial variation in atmospheric light

The visible-light imaging system used in military equipment is often subjected to severe weather conditions, such as fog, haze, and smoke, under complex lighting conditions at night that significantly degrade the acquired images. Currently available image defogging methods are mostly suitable for environments with natural light in the daytime, but the clarity of images captured under complex lighting conditions and spatial changes in the presence of fog at night is not satisfactory. This study proposes an algorithm to remove night fog from single images based on an analysis of the statistical characteristics of images in scenes involving night fog. Color channel transfer is designed to compensate for the high attenuation channel of foggy images acquired at night. The distribution of transmittance is estimated by the deep convolutional network DehazeNet, and the spatial variation of atmospheric light is estimated in a point-by-point manner according to the maximum reflection prior to recover the clear image. The results of experiments show that the proposed method can compensate for the high attenuation channel of foggy images at night, remove the effect of glow from a multi-color and non-uniform ambient source of light, and improve the adaptability and visual effect of the removal of night fog from images compared with the conventional method.

Image Fusion Based on NSCT and Sparse Representation for Remote Sensing Data

The practice of integrating images from two or more sensors collected from the same area or object is known as image fusion.The goal is to extract more spatial and spectral information from the resulting fused image than from the component images.The images must be fused to improve the spatial and spectral quality of both panchromatic and multispectral images.This study provides a novel picture fusion technique that employs L0 smoothening Filter,Non-subsampled Contour let Transform(NSCT)and Sparse Representation(SR)followed by the Max absolute rule(MAR).The fusion approach is as follows:first,the multispectral and panchromatic images are divided into lower and higher frequency components using the L0 smoothing filter.Then comes the fusion process,which uses an approach that combines NSCT and SR to fuse low frequency components.Similarly,the Max-absolute fusion rule is used to merge high frequency components.Finally,the final image is obtained through the disintegration of fused low and high frequency data.In terms of correlation coefficient,Entropy,spatial frequency,and fusion mutual information,our method outperforms other methods in terms of image quality enhancement and visual evaluation.

Study of strip-shaped chromatic aberration defects on the surface of an electro-galvanized fingerprint-resistant sheet

Strip-shaped chromatic aberration defects on the surface of an electro-galvanized fingerprint-resistant sheet were systematically studied using Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculations,scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer analyses,and rapid heat treatment simulation technology.The formation mechanism of these defects was also analyzed.The results show a strong correlation between the defects and the uneven distribution of the Fe(001)component on the surface of the steel substrate.The relatively high proportion of Fe(001)components on the surface of the steel substrate affects the distribution density of the Zn crystal cells in different orientations during the electrodeposition process,which causes the reflection intensity of the light of the galvanized layer to differ from various visual perspectives,and macroscopic strip-shaped chromatic aberration defects are finally formed.The high proportion of the Fe(001)component on the surface of the steel substrate is mainly related to the following two factors.First,when the strip steel is hot-rolled,the finishing hot-rolling temperature is close to theγ→αphase transition temperature.When the local temperature on the upper surface of the strip steel is low,γ+αtwo-phase rolling easily occurs,and this results in an uneven stress distribution between theγandαphases after the hot-rolling process.This uneven distribution of hot-rolling stress results in the formation of a coarse grain structure in the local area on the surface of the hot-rolled sheet,which strongly affects the subsequent cold rolling and annealing process,and the annealed steel sheet substrate ultimately contains a greater proportion of the Fe(001)component.And second,a fast cooling rate(>10 K/s)during the slow cooling stage in the continuous annealing process inhibits the transformation of the Fe(001)to the Fe(111)component on the surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet,and it is then not possible to effectively eliminate the influence of the unevenly distributed Fe(001)component on the surface of the annealed steel sheet(originating from the uneven hot-rolled microstructure).This uneven distribution of the Fe(001)component on the surface of the annealed steel sheet following the continuous annealing heat treatment has a strong effect on the electrodeposition behavior of the Zn crystal cell in the subsequent electroplating process and the formation of macroscopic strip-shaped chromatic aberration defects on the surface of electro-galvanized fingerprint-resistant sheet.

联合颈部血管彩超及DSA评估动脉粥样斑块与脑梗死关联性的意义

目的探讨颈部血管彩超及DSA在动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死中的临床应用价值。方法以120例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者为患者组,75例未发生脑梗死患者为对照组,经颈部血管彩超及DSA检查。结果二者颈动脉粥样斑块发生率差异有统计学意义,120例脑梗死患者中,颈动脉及椎动脉粥样斑块发生率为81%,对照组仅有13%。颈动脉斑块最常见颈总动脉分叉处,其次为颈动脉颅内段,椎动脉以起始段多见,其次为基底动脉分布,多以病灶同侧多见,易形成血管狭窄及血流动力学改变。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的发病存在关联性:联合颈部血管彩超与DSA能早期准确发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及了解斑块的狭窄率,对预防或治疗脑梗死的发生有重要意义。

Effects of wood species and retention levels on removal of copper,chromium,and arsenic from CCA-treated wood using sodium hypochlorite

Chemical extraction, bioremediation, and electrodialytic processes have been extensively studied for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate （CCA）. However, one problem has not been addressed： the effects of wood species and retention levels on remediation efficiency. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of wood species and retention levels on removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood samples using sodium hypochlorite. Our results showed that sodium hypochlorite （NaOC1） was very effective for removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated milled wood samples for all three species used in this study. The Cu, Cr, and As extraction efficiencies for red pine were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr and 94 % As, for maple were 95 % Cu, 97 % Cr, and 98 % As at 4.0 kg m-3 retention levels, and for aspen were 95 % Cu, 92% Cr, and 91% As at 9.6 kg m-3 retention level, respectively. However, the results showed that wood species and initial retention levels of CCA-treated wood products played very impor- tant roles in terms of removal of Cu, Cr, and As.

交换环的图论性质

设R是一个交换环，研究了R的2种图结构．首先，设N表示R的幂零根，，把R的元素作为图的顶点，2个不同的顶点x和y有一边相连接，当且仅当或者，并且x，y中至少1个不是幂零元素，，则证明了下述结果：设R是交换环，使用如上图结构，X（R）＜＋∞当且仅当|R|＜＋∞，并且此时x（R）＝clique（R）．其次，把R的元素看作图的顶点，2个不同顶点x和y有边相连，当且仅当Annx＋Anny＝R．则证明了对交换诺特环R，X（R）＜＋∞，并猜测x（R）＝clique（R）．

Life Cycle Assessment of CCA-Treated Wood Highway Guard Rail Posts in the US with Comparisons to Galvanized Steel Guard Rail Posts

A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is done to identify the environmental impacts of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber used for highway guard rail posts, to understand the processes that contribute to the total impacts, and to determine how the impacts compare to the primary alternative product, galvanized steel posts. Guard rail posts are the supporting structures for highway guard rails. Transportation engineers, as well as public and regulatory interests, have increasing need to understand the environmental implications of guard rail post selection, in addition to factors such as costs and service performance. This study uses a life cycle inventory (LCI) to catalogue the input and output data from guard rail post manufacture, service life, and disposition, and a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to assess anthropogenic and net greenhouse gas (GHG), acidification, smog, ecotoxicity, and eutrophication potentially resulting from life cycle air emissions. Other indicators of interest also are tracked, such as fossil fuel and water use. Comparisons of guard rail post products are made at a functional unit of one post per year of service. This life cycle assessment (LCA) finds that the manufacture, use, and disposition of CCA-treated wood guard rails offers lower fossil fuel use and lower anthropogenic and net GHG emissions, acidification, smog potential, and ecotoxicity environmental impacts than impact indicator values for galvanized steel posts. Water use and eutrophication impact indicator values for CCA-treated guard rail posts are greater than impact indicator values for galvanized steel guard rail posts.

Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical, dye-printing and papermaking plants. Results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis. For the use of micro-electrolysis in treatment of dye-printing wastewater, the removal rates of both chromaticity and COD were increased from neutral condition to acid condition for disperse blue wastewater; more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD could be removed in neutral condition for vital red wastewater.

Vertex-distinguishing E-total Coloring of Complete Bipartite Graph K 7,n when7≤n≤95

Let G be a simple graph. A total coloring f of G is called an E-total coloring if no two adjacent vertices of G receive the same color, and no edge of G receives the same color as one of its endpoints. For an E-total coloring f of a graph G and any vertex x of G, let C（x） denote the set of colors of vertex x and of the edges incident with x, we call C（x） the color set of x. If C（u） ≠ C（v） for any two different vertices u and v of V （G）, then we say that f is a vertex-distinguishing E-total coloring of G or a VDET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDET coloring of G is denoted by Хvt^e（G） and is called the VDE T chromatic number of G. The VDET coloring of complete bipartite graph K7,n （7 ≤ n ≤ 95） is discussed in this paper and the VDET chromatic number of K7,n （7 ≤ n ≤ 95） has been obtained.

Luminescence Properties of (Y, Gd)Al_3(BO_3)_4∶Eu ^(3+) under VUV excitation

Y, Gd)Al 3(BO 3) 4∶Eu 3+ samples were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The XRD results indicate that the crystal symmetry is low. The excitation spectrum is composed of two broad bands centered at about 170 and 250 nm respectively. In the emission spectra, the peak wavelength is about 616 nm under 147 nm VUV excitation. The luminescent chromaticity coordinate and the relative intensity change along with Gd 3+ mole concentration in the range of 0.15 to 0.85 mol (and Eu 3+ mole concentration, 0.02 to 0.1 mol). The correlative data show that the concentration quenching occurs when the Eu 3+ mole concentration ranges from 0.02 to 0.1 mol, and the Gd 3+→Gd 3+, Gd 3+→Eu 3+ and host→Eu 3+, Gd 3+ energy transfers exist, and Gd 3+ mole concentration influences Eu 3+ emission.

Vertex-distinguishing VE-total Colorings of Cycles and Complete Graphs

Let G be a simple graph of order at least 2.A VE-total-coloring using k colors of a graph G is a mapping f from V (G) E(G) into {1,2,···,k} such that no edge receives the same color as one of its endpoints.Let C(u)={f(u)} {f(uv) | uv ∈ E(G)} be the color-set of u.If C(u)=C(v) for any two vertices u and v of V (G),then f is called a k-vertex-distinguishing VE-total coloring of G or a k-VDVET coloring of G for short.The minimum number of colors required for a VDVET coloring of G is denoted by χ ve vt (G) and it is called the VDVET chromatic number of G.In this paper we get cycle C n,path P n and complete graph K n of their VDVET chromatic numbers and propose a related conjecture.

Vertex-distinguishing IE-total Colorings of Cycles and Wheels

Let G be a simple graph. An IE-total coloring f of G refers to a coloring of the vertices and edges of G so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. Let C（u） be the set of colors of vertex u and edges incident to u under f. For an IE-total coloring f of G using k colors, if C（u）=C（v） for any two different vertices u and v of V （G）, then f is called a k-vertex-distinguishing IE-total-coloring of G, or a k-VDIET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDIET coloring of G is denoted by χievt（G）, and is called the VDIET chromatic number of G. We get the VDIET chromatic numbers of cycles and wheels, and propose related conjectures in this paper.