Cider Beer关键酿造工艺的研究

Cider Beer是一种以苹果汁为原料,结合啤酒酿造工艺研制的发酵型特种啤酒。通过发酵实验,发酵度、乙醇体积分数等指标检测,本产品选取7号浓缩苹果汁作为原料;通过对比贫氮条件下不同酵母的生长情况和发酵实验结果,最终确定酵母C作为发酵菌株。以感官品质为考察指标,采用单因素正交实验法考察发酵温度、发酵时间和酵母接种量对感官品质的影响。结果表明:Cider Beer的较佳发酵工艺条件为:发酵温度11℃,发酵时间7 d,酵母接种量8×106个/mL,所得产品的总糖质量浓度为13.28 g/L,总酸质量浓度为6.5 g/L,乙醇体积分数为2.85%,游离氨基酸质量浓度为3.60 g/L,多酚质量浓度为1.04 g/L,色香味俱佳。

Optimization of Acetic Acid Fermentation Process of Apple Cider Vinegar

This paper studied the fermentation rules of apple cider vinegar from fruit juice,to provide a theoretical guidance for the production of apple cider vinegar.Using Fuji apples as raw materials,the process parameters(fermentation temperature,fermentation time,stirring speed,and inoculation amount)of apple cider vinegar fermentation were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface analysis.The results indicated that the fermentation temperature had no significant effect on the total acid content of apple cider vinegar fermentation,the fermentation time had an extremely significant effect on the total acid content of apple cider vinegar fermentation,and the stirring speed and inoculation amount had a significant effect on the total acid content of apple cider vinegar fermentation.Through process optimization,the optimal process parameters for apple cider vinegar fermentation are fermentation temperature of 33℃,fermentation time of 39 h,stirring speed of 1500 r/min,and acetic acid bacteria inoculation amount of 7%.Under such conditions,the total acid content of fermented apple cider vinegar is 62.22 g/L,very close to the predicted value of the model,indicating that the process parameters of acetic acid fermentation obtained by response surface methodology(RSM)optimization are reliable and can be used for actual production prediction.

Isolation of Acetic Acid Bacteria and Preparation of Starter Culture for Apple Cider Vinegar Fermentation

Vinegars are commonly used as food condiments and preservatives. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is also used in the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical industry because of its medicinal properties. Since specifically selected starter cultures for commercial vinegar production are not readily available, apple juice supplemented with sugar is commonly inoculated with a microbiologically undefined culture obtained from the previous batch of ACV. The present work focuses on the isolation of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria from ACV and the preparation of a starter culture. ACV was produced in a bench scale bioreactor using a traditional fermentation process wherein an acetic acid concentration of 3.8% was obtained after three weeks. Several acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were isolated from ACV using selective media. Microscopy revealed the cultures to be gram negative to gram variable short rods. The growth pattern of the isolates on differential media and biochemical tests suggested the presence of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter species. Ten potent isolates were selected for starter culture preparation. Two consortia were formulated with five AAB isolates in each along with a yeast isolate and used for ACV production, wherein an acetic acid concentration of 4.2% - 4.9% was obtained in 10 - 12 days. Thus, these two starter cultures with locally isolated AAB can be used for the commercial production of apple cider vinegar.

Lipid Peroxidation and Some Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) Treated Male and Female Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Restraint Stress

This study was designed to assess the effect to apple cider vinegar (ACV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in male and female Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Severe and persistent stress elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by metabolic and physiological processes;causing cellular damage. Thirty (30) Adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing about 150 - 200 g were divided into 3 groups each consisting of a male and female subgroup and given the following treatments once a day for 21 days: Normal control group received 0.5 ml distilled water orally, the restraint stress (RS) group was exposed to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily while the Apple cider vinegar (ACV)-treated group received 4 ml/kg of apple cider vinegar orally in addition to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily. The rats were sacrificed after the experimental period and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for assessing oxidative stress biomarkers. ACV (4 ml/kg) treatment decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and serum catalase (CAT) activity while upregulating endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The findings of this study show that the female Wistar rats are more predisposed to the antioxidant effect of ACV than the males.

Predictive Models for Optimisation of Acetone Mediated Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from By-Product of Cider Production

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to provide predictive models for optimisation of extraction of selected polyphenolic compounds from cider apple pomace under aqueous acetone. The design of experiment (DoE) was conducted to evaluate the influence of acetone concentration % (v/v), solid-to solvent ratio % (w/v), temperature (&#730C) and extraction time (min) and their interaction on phenolic contents, using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The experimental data were analysed to fit statistical models for recovery of phenolic compounds. The selected models were significant (P 0.05), except for Chlorogenic acid and Quercetin 3-glucoside which had significant lack of fits (P R2 > 0.9000 and adjusted? ?reasonable agrees with predicted . Coefficient of variation < 5% for each determination at the 95% confidence interval. These models could be relied upon to achieve optimal concentrations of polyphenolic compounds for applications in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Is Apple Cider Vinegar Good for Your Health?

As a practicing physician and professor of medicine, I am asked about the benefits of drinking apple cider vinegar (苹果醋)all the time.I 1 those moments, because we can talk with delight about the history of vinegar, and 2 it can possibly benefit them.Historically, vinegar has been used for many 3. A few examples are that of the famous Greek physician Hippocrates, who recommended vinegar for the 4 of cough and colds.

德尔布有孢圆酵母对苹果酒发酵过程风味物质合成的影响

本研究利用德尔布有孢圆酵母(Torulasporadelbrueckii)与酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)进行苹果酒发酵实验,通过比较混合发酵与酿酒酵母单独发酵过程中有机酸以及挥发性风味物质差异,探究德尔布有孢圆酵母对苹果酒风味物质合成的影响。结果表明,德尔布有孢圆酵母显著提高了苹果酒中草酸(+0.077 g/L)、乙酸(+1.68 g/L)、L-乳酸(+0.83 g/L)以及琥珀酸(+0.45 g/L)的含量(P<0.01),并减少了苹果酒中高级醇的数量。共现网络分析显示德尔布有孢圆酵母的加入增强了挥发性风味物质合成的稳定性。此外,混合发酵显著提升了苯乙醇、苯甲醛、乙酸苯乙酯、辛酸、己酸等11种挥发性风味物质含量,有助于凸显苹果酒中苹果特征香、花果香,增强蜜甜感。基于差异风味物质通路富集结果,德尔布有孢圆酵母可赋予发酵体系更强的原料利用能力,糖类物质的转化能力以及风味物质合成能力。研究结果表明该菌株有着优异的混合发酵性能,为其在苹果酒酿造中进一步利用提供了依据。

Cider May Be Healthier than Clear Apple Juice

苹果一直被人们排在健康食品的第一位,俗话说“每天一苹果,医生远离我。”那么苹果汁是否具有同样的效果呢?根据研究人员的分析,透明清澈的苹果汁对人体的益处其实还没有含一些果肉成分的浑浊果汁好呢,因为光其含有的抗氧化剂,就是经过过滤加工后的清澈果汁的五倍。

不同发酵工艺对刺梨果酒抗氧化活性的影响

为更好利用刺梨果酒抗氧化活性物质,本研究通过检测6种发酵工艺加工的刺梨果酒的各项指标和体外抗氧化活性,以及利用主成分分析构建的综合评价体系考察刺梨果酒的品质。结果表明,6种发酵工艺中刺梨果酒可溶性固形物无显著性差异;三种自然发酵工艺中酒精度、还原糖、甲醇、Vc无显著性差异;三种灭菌发酵工艺中pH、总酸、酒精度、总糖、Vc和总酚无显著性差异;自然原汁发酵的pH值(3.47)、SOD(66.12 U/mL)、总糖(241.75 mg/mL)、总酚(98.03 g/L)和总抗氧化能力(2.569 mg/mL)与其他发酵工艺存在显著性差异;灭菌冷浸渍发酵的还原糖(5.55 mg/mL)显著低于其他发酵工艺。主成分分析表明,自然带渣发酵工艺发酵刺梨果酒综合分数最高(1.050),是适合刺梨果酒酿造的发酵工艺。

果业链在循环经济下的构建及价值实现研究——以苹果酒业为例

果品作为我国重要产业之一,存在资源利用不足的现状。构建“生态循环果业”产业链,以优化资源配置为核心,保护环境为目标,技术创新为动力,形成特色生态循环经济模式,实现人与自然和谐发展对果品产业的转型升级意义重大。基于此,以酿酒苹果为例,基于循环经济、食物链、产业共生等理论认知,深入分析苹果产业链现状,剖析造成资源浪费和环境污染的关键环节,借鉴优质生态产业园区、区域生态产业链等模式,将苹果产业与上下游行业整合,通过资源与废弃物的循环利用进行苹果生态产业链的重新构建。进而分析产业链价值实现方式,以达到经济效益和生态效益同步提升的目标。

Effects of secondary fermentation of four in-bottle Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on sparkling cider sensory quality

In this study,the first fermentation of Fuji apple juice was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae WLS21 and continued a second fermentation using S.cerevisiae HYJ1,HYJ2,PE2,and Y41 in sealed bottles after adjusting the sugar level.The physicochemical indexes,aromas,and sensory characteristics of four sparkling ciders were analyzed.The results revealed that HYJ2 produced the highest amount of ethanol and Y41 had the highest pressure in the bottle at the end of fermentation.Y41 produced the highest citric and succinic acids and HYJ1 produced higher fumaric acid and total volatiles.HYJ1 cider had an obvious herbaceous odor,and Y41 cider had a fruity character.Sixty-seven volatiles were detected from four sparkling ciders(55 fermentative and 12 non-fermentative aromas).Esters(EEFAs and HAAs)were the main volatile aroma family produced during secondary fermentation,and terpenes contributed the most to fruity odor.Based on univariate(ANOVA)and multivariate analysis of variance(PLS-DA)screening of four cider significant variables,13 volatiles with variable predictive importance(VIP)≥1 were identified.PLSR analysis revealed that 2-methylbutyl acetate,ethyl heptanoate,2-methyl-1-butanol,nonanal,2-nonanone,β-damascenone,and linalool were potential volatile markers for OAV>1.

基于主成分分析法的苹果酒香气质量评价模型的构建

利用顶空法固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定了12种苹果酒中的部分重要香气成分,利用主成分分析法建立了苹果酒香气质量评价模型,并用该模型对12种苹果酒香气质量进行了评价,结果表明苹果酒S12的香气质量最好;进一步通过感官评价法对模型评价结果进行了检验,结果表明2种方法具有很好的一致性,表明该文提出的方法是可行的,为果酒香气质量的评价探索了一种新的途径。

苹果果酒的澄清研究

利用壳聚糖、明胶、蛋清液三种澄清剂对苹果发酵原酒进行初步的澄清实验,并对处理后苹果酒的吸光光度值、透光率、酒度、酸度和残还原糖量进行了测定,比较了其澄清效果。结果表明:蛋清液是最好的澄清剂,其澄清度高且用量适中,明胶的处理效果稍差,但用量极少,二者均具有工业应用的价值,壳聚糖处理后的果酒虽然达到了实验中的最高澄清度,但用量较大,工业应用价值不大。

苹果酒的开发研究进展

对苹果酒的类型特点。

苹果酒超滤澄清工艺的响应面法优化

为了改善苹果酒的澄清度和稳定性,采用超滤技术进行澄清。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法对影响苹果酒超滤的关键因素操作压力、温度和进料流速进行优化探讨。结果表明:3个因素对苹果酒澄清的影响大小依次为温度、操作压力、流速;澄清苹果酒最佳工艺条件为压力0.7 MPa,温度24℃,进料流速5.6 mL/min。超滤处理后,苹果酒的透光率为98.72%,膜通量为14.38 L/(m2·h),原酒的固有滋味和品质得到了较好保留。

优良苹果酒酵母的选育

以目前我国应用于葡萄酒及其他果酒的1#,2#,3#,4#,5#酿酒酵母为材料,通过其对苹果汁的发酵能力、发酵特性及发酵所得苹果酒品质的系统试验,筛选出5#为最佳苹果酒酿酒酵母,其发酵的原酒的酒精度可达到113.2mL/L。然后以5#酵母为出发菌株,利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行诱变,获得了1株对苹果汁的发酵能力更强、发酵特性更佳和发酵所得苹果酒品质更优的苹果酒酵母E-3,其发酵的原酒的酒精度可达到114.2mL/L,且酒体澄清透明、色泽金黄,具有苹果酒的典型风味。

干型苹果酒发酵工艺条件的优化

本文是以红富士苹果为原料,经打浆、护色、酶处理、调整成分、发酵、澄清等工艺生产干型苹果酒。通过单因素试验确定了防褐变和澄清的最佳条件为:打浆后加入0.1%柠檬酸和0.04%VC护色;添加0.25%壳聚糖于苹果酒中澄清24 h。通过正交试验得到苹果酒最佳发酵工艺条件为:初始糖度为20%,接种量为8%,发酵时间为10 d。最终得到的干型苹果酒呈浅黄绿色,澄清透明,酒体丰满,酸甜适中,具有悦人的苹果果香和清新的酒香。

酵母菌种对苹果酒主发酵过程中的多酚组成及抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究国内外常用的4种酿酒酵母在苹果酒发酵过程中对多酚组成和抗氧化活性的影响,结果表明,在苹果酒发酵过程中,不同酵母对苹果发酵液中多酚总抗氧化能力的变化影响不大,但对鲜酒中多酚组成却有不同的影响。酵母菌1#(WLP775)、2#(#4766cider)发酵的苹果酒F1#、F2#在多酚组成上差异较大,抗氧化能力上差异亦较大;酵母3#(EXCE-SP)、4#(HARM-N°5)发酵的苹果酒F3#、F4#在多酚组成上差异较小,抗氧化能力上差异亦较小。

苹果资源的深加工研究

对苹果深加工进行系统研究。提出了以苹果汁为原料生产苹果酒和苹果乳酸饮品 ;指出了可利用榨汁后的苹果废渣生产柠檬酸、膳食纤维和果胶。同时 ,阐述了利用碰果、落果等不宜作为鲜果食用的苹果生产食用酒精和苹果白酒。