Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol with Multi-Hop Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Networks

A Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)becomes a newer type of real-time embedded device that can be utilized for a wide range of applications that make regular networking which appears impracticable.Concerning the energy produc-tion of the nodes,WSN has major issues that may influence the stability of the system.As a result,constructing WSN requires devising protocols and standards that make the most use of constrained capacity,especially the energy resources.WSN faces some issues with increased power utilization and an on going devel-opment due to the uneven energy usage between the nodes.Clustering has proven to be a more effective strategy in this series.In the proposed work,a hybrid meth-od is used for reducing the energy consumption among CHs.A Fuzzy Logic-based clustering protocol FLUC(unequally clustered)and Fuzzy Clustering with Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol(FCERP)are used.A Fuzzy Clustering with Energy Efficient Routing Protocol(FCERP)reduces the WSN power usage and increases the lifespan of the network.FCERP has created a novel cluster-based fuzzy routing mechanism that uses a limit value to combine the clustering and multi-hop routing capabilities.The technique creates uneven groups by using fuz-zy logic with a competitive range to choose the Cluster Head(CH).The input variables include the distance of the nodes from the ground station,concentra-tions,and remaining energy.The proposed FLUC-FCERP reduces the power usage and improves the lifetime of the network compared with the existing algorithms.

Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing Based Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network of Sensor Nodes(SN)which adopt radio signals for communication amongst themselves.There is an increase in the prominence of WSN adaptability to emerging applications like the Internet of Things(IoT)and Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS).Data secur-ity,detection of faults,management of energy,collection and distribution of data,network protocol,network coverage,mobility of nodes,and network heterogene-ity are some of the issues confronted by WSNs.There is not much published information on issues related to node mobility and management of energy at the time of aggregation of data.Towards the goal of boosting the mobility-based WSNs’network performance and energy,data aggregation protocols such as the presently-used Mobility Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH-M)and Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Clustered(EEHC)scheme have been exam-ined in this work.A novel Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithm is proposed in this work for effective election of CHs and multipath routing in WSNs so as to enable effective data transfer to the Base Station(BS)with least energy utilization.There is avoidance of the local optima problem at the time of solution space search in this proposed technique.Experimentations have been conducted on a large WSN network that has issues with mobility of nodes.

Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Full-Duplex Networks

The wireless full-duplex(FD) nodes can transmit and receive at the same time using the same frequency-band. Currently, the latest FD media access control(MAC) protocols mainly focus on how to convert the physical layer gains of FD nodes to the throughput gain of wireless FD networks, but pay little attention to the energy consumptions of FD nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient FD MAC protocol. According to the values of self-interference cancellation coefficients corresponding to the nodes of each FD pair and the signal propagation attenuation, the proposed protocol can adaptively select the communication mode of the FD pair between the full-duplex and half-duplex. Also, the minimum transmit power for FD nodes can be obtained to achieve high energy efficiency. We develop an analytical model to characterize the performance of our protocol. The numerical results show that the proposed MAC protocol can optimize the system throughput and reduce the transmission energy consumptions of nodes simultaneously as compared with those of the existing works.

Rate Coefficients and Branching Ratio for Multi-Channel Hydrogen Abstractions from CH3OH by F

The hydrogen abstraction reaction F+CH3OH has two possible reaction pathways: HF+CH3O and HF+CH2OH. Despite the absence of intrinsic barriers for both channels, the former has a branching ratio comparable to the latter, which is far from the statistical limit of 0.25 (one out of four available H atoms). Furthermore, the measured branching ratio of the two abstraction channels spans a large range and is not quantitatively reproduced by previous theoretical predictions based on the transition-state theory with the stationary point information calculated at the levels of MФller-Plesset perturbation theory and G2. This work reports a theoretical investigation on the kinetics and the associated branching ratio of the two competing channels of the title reaction using a quasi-classical trajectory approach on an accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) fitted by the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach to ca. 1.21x10^5 points calculated at the explicitly correlated (F12a) version of coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) level with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The calculated room temperature rate coeffcient and branching ratio of the HF+CH3O channel are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Furthermore, our theory predicts that rate coeffcients have a slightly negative temperature dependence, consistent with barrierless nature of the reaction.

PREPATATION OF SPODUMENE-DERIVED LOW EXPANSION COEFFICIENT GLASS CERAMIC IN THE SYSTEM Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2

In this paper ,spodumene mineral was used as raw material for fabricating glass ceramic with the addition of MgO,ZnO and TiO2,ZrO2. The expansion coefficient of the materials is 5. 5×107/℃ . Also the effects of the heat treatment on the crystallzing behaviour has been discussed by XRD and DTA.

Coefficient of Engine Flexibility as a Basis for the Assessment of Vehicle Tractive Performance

The paper attempts to analyze full load characteristics of over 500 combustion engines. Using statistical tools, the author determined the value of the coe cient of flexibility. Engine flexibility is the capability of the engine to adapt to varying loads. Importantly, in the investigations, the author took into account the parameters calculated in the course of the investigations on a chassis dynamometer, i.e., actual, not taken from technical specifications of brand new vehicles. Di erent stages of operating wear allow a better characterization of the population. Subsequent utilization of the results in tractive calculations is more reliable. The engines were divided into in six groups, depending on the type of fuel system: fuel injected gasoline and turbocharged gasoline, spark ignition LPG, naturally aspirated diesel and turbocharged diesel. However, engines running on alternative fuels are characterized with a greater flexibility than the fuel injected base engines. Conformity of flexibility of fuel injected and LPG IV generation engines have been observed,which confirms the appropriateness of engine adaptation to alternative fueling. Gasoline engine supercharging allowed a reduction of the maximum engine speed of the maximum torque, which extends the range of analyzable speeds for flexibility and consequently, the flexibility as such.

宁夏引黄灌区饲用小黑麦复种青贮玉米高效栽培技术

随着农业产业结构的调整,宁夏畜牧养殖业发展迅速,对饲草饲料的需求量显著增加。为了有效缓解灌区饲草产量低、栽培技术落后、季节性青饲料极其短缺造成的草畜发展极不平衡现状,通过2020—2022年连续3年的大田试验,从饲用小黑麦播前准备、品种选择、机械播种、轮灌区组划分、水肥管理、越冬管理、适时收获和复种青贮玉米从播前准备、品种选择、机械播种、水肥管理、病虫草害防治、适时收获等方面总结出了宁夏引黄灌区饲用小黑麦复种青贮玉米一年两熟高效栽培技术模式。改变了传统的种植模式,提高了土地、光热和养分等资源利用率及饲草产量和经济效益,为灌区多熟种植改革及草畜产业高质量发展提供了理论支撑。

基于改进YOLOv5的安全帽小目标检测算法

针对复杂施工场景下安全帽检测算法存在小目标漏检问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的安全帽改进算法。首先,为提升多尺度特征融合效果和小目标信息利用率,在Effi cient RepGFPN基础上引入浅层分支及转置卷积替换PAFPN,补充浅层小目标特征,减少上采样中小目标丢失的边缘信息。其次,采用DBBNet结构替换主干网络C3瓶颈层中的残差结构,通过多分支结构将小目标与周围信息相关联,增强主干网络的小目标提取能力,同时使用空洞卷积及通道注意力改进SPP结构,保留更多小目标信息,为Effi cient RepGFPN网络提供更优质特征图。最后,在自建施工场景安全帽数据集与最新的目标检测算法进行比较。实验结果表明,改进YOLOv5算法召回率为84.9%,平均精度达90.1%;比原始YOLOv5s算法召回率提升4.9%、平均精度提升4.4%;对比最新的YOLOv6s 3.0、YOLOv7-tiny、YOLOv8s算法平均精度分别提升2.4%、3.1%和1.8%,在施工场景下对小安全帽具有较强的检测性能。

Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis of Static Mixers Used for Selective Catalytic Reduction in Diesel Engines

The proper selection of a relevant mixer generally requires an effective assessment of several models against theapplication requirements. This is a complex task, as traditional evaluation methods generally focus only on a single aspect of performance, such as pressure loss, mixing characteristics, or heat transfer. This study assesses aurea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system installed on a ship, where the installation space is limitedand the distance between the urea aqueous solution injection position and the reactor is low;therefore, the staticmixer installed in this pipeline has special performance requirements. In particular, four evaluation indices areused in this study: The B value, C value, pressure loss correction factor (Z′), and the ratio of the required distanceto the equivalent diameter of the pipe (LV/D) when the velocity field after the mixer attains uniformity. Six typesof static mixers were simulated with varying concentrations, flow speeds, and positions. A fuzzy comprehensiveevaluation method was introduced to evaluate and compare the related advantages and disadvantages. The resultsshowed that 1) mixing performance was related to the shape of the mixer and had no direct relationship with flowvelocity. 2) For the same mixer position, the lower the urea concentration, the greater the difficulty of evenly mixing the solution. 3) At a constant urea concentration, the mixing performance improved when the mixer was closer to the injection inlet. 4) The installation of a GK mixer in the SCR system of a 9L20C diesel engine was best.

Life-Cycle Bearing Capacity for Pre-Stressed T-beams Based on Full-Scale Destructive Test

To investigate the evolution of load-bearing characteristics of pre-stressed beams throughout their service life and to provide a basis for accurately assessing the actual working state of damaged pre-stressed concrete T-beams,destructive tests were conducted on full-scale pre-stressed concrete beams.Based on the measurement and ana-lysis of beam deflection,strain,and crack development under various loading levels during the research tests,combined with the verification coefficient indicators specified in the codes,the verification coefficients of bridges at different stages of damage can be examined.The results indicate that the T-beams experience complete,incom-plete linear,and non-linear stages during the destructive test process.In the complete linear elastic stage,both the deflection and bottom strain verification coefficients comply with the specifications,indicating a good structural load-bearing capacity no longer adheres to the code’s requirements.In the non-linear stage,both coefficients exhi-bit a sharp increase,resulting in a further decrease in the structure’s load-bearing capacity.According to the pro-visions of the current code,the beam can be in the incomplete linear stage when both values fall within the code’s specified range.The strain verification coefficient sourced from the compression zone at the bottom of theflange is not recommended for assessing the bridge’s load-bearing capacity.

陶瓷介质搅拌磨对炼焦中煤解离特性与分选潜势的影响

为研究炼焦中煤在搅拌磨机中的选择性解离特性,以涡北选煤厂的炼焦中煤为对象,进行了样品性质、磨矿条件优化、磨矿产品解离特性及颗粒形状特性等研究,对比了相同磨矿细度下搅拌磨机和棒磨机磨矿产品的浮选效果。研究结果表明:在搅拌磨机磨矿时间4min、陶瓷球直径6mm、介质填充率60%、磨矿浓度55%的最优磨矿条件下,-0.074mm含量79.39%的磨矿产品经过浮选,可得到产率61.49%的精煤(A_(d)=11.50%)产品;在相同的磨矿细度下,搅拌磨机所需的磨矿时间更短,产生的高灰细泥产率低,磨矿产品浮选精煤(A_(d)=11.50%)产率较棒磨机高9.82个百分点,说明搅拌磨机解离效果更好;SEM分析进一步证实,搅拌磨机磨矿产品表面微细粒脉石矿物较少,颗粒球形度(R0)低,伸长率(EW)高,有利于颗粒与气泡的黏附;研究结果可为炼焦中煤选择性解离提供工艺思路。

中国长三角城市群工业高质量发展水平双维测度、动态演进及创新环境影响研究

本文构建了长三角城市群工业高质量发展的双维测度指标体系,并探究其空间差异、动态演进规律及创新环境影响因素。研究发现,长三角工业高质量发展的双维综合指数呈缓慢上升趋势,其中绿色维度的提升对整体发展水平有重要影响;区域差异主要由组间差异导致;政府和市场环境因素是提升发展水平的关键中介因素。基于此,建议加强长三角城市群间的工业合作、推进绿色协同政策、优化资源配置,并注重创新环境的建设,以精准提升长三角城市群的工业高质量发展水平。

基于匹配追踪算法的薄煤层强反射分离参数优选方法

近年来,基于匹配追踪算法的强反射分离方法在不同强反射类型的实际资料应用中取得了较好的效果,但该算法关键参数的选择缺乏理论依据和标准,相关研究较少。为此,在薄煤层强反射分离过程中,明确子波相位和分离系数两个关键参数的含义,提出基于匹配追踪算法的薄煤层强反射分离参数优选方法,以进一步提高薄煤层强反射表征的精度,更好地开展强反射分离和储层预测。首先根据不同强反射储层类型对应的强反射子波特征进行分类,分析薄煤层强反射相位参数特征;然后基于钻井处反射系数计算及分离方法,确定强、弱反射的能量关系,估算分离系数,提高强反射分离效果。实际应用结果表明,该方法对薄煤层强反射特征的识别更加准确,分离的效果有明显提升;突出了储层弱反射特征,可为储层精细预测提供较好的资料基础。

电动汽车地毯隔音垫的轻量化设计及其声学性能改进

对电动汽车的噪声源特性和车身架构的变化进行了分析,有针对性地提出了两种轻量化地毯隔音垫的设计方案,并从吸声隔声原理、方案设计、材料选型、制造工艺、吸声隔声试验、实车路试验证等方面进行了系统研究。设计出的耗散型轻量化地毯隔音垫能够代替传统重质层型地毯隔音垫,适用于电动汽车乘员舱地板区域,在实车路试中的噪声水平和车内语音清晰度都优于传统重质层型地毯隔音垫,减重效果明显;设计出的ABA型(Absorber-Barrier-Absorber)轻量化地毯隔音垫有较好的隔声性能,适用于电动汽车行李箱地板区域,能够有效控制电驱动系统产生的高频噪声,同时实现了轻量化目标。

软土地区高铁桥梁桩基比例系数合理取值研究

在高速铁路桥梁设计中,选取合理的桥梁桩基地基系数的比例系数m值是重要问题。本文依托天津滨海新区铁路项目,进行了单桩和群桩的水平静载试验,对不同水平荷载作用下单桩桩端和群桩承台的水平位移变化规律进行了分析。基于试验结果,对地基土水平抗力系数的比例系数m值进行了计算与拟合,给出了合理的软土地区m值的取值。结果表明:单桩与群桩m值-位移曲线较为接近,随着位移的增加,m值呈现指数型下降趋势。根据拟合结果,对单桩m值进行了推定,建议单桩m值取10MN/m^(4),群桩m值取2.6MN/m^(4)。与规范值相比,单桩m值更大,而群桩m值略小。

经济数据偏差下的货币政策调控:基于恩格尔曲线的新度量

本文引入Hamilton-costa方法,使用恩格尔曲线的推移估计了2006—2022年间中国CPI的统计偏差,并基于此推算我国经济真实的增长水平,最后建立变系数回归模型,对包含数据偏差下的泰勒规则调节系数进行半参数估计,探讨经济数据偏差对货币政策调控的非线性影响。研究结果表明:一是中国CPI数据平均向上偏差幅度约1.46个百分点。二是GDP数据是真实水平的1.12倍,但GDP缺口数据仅为真实水平的0.42倍,说明我国GDP数据呈现向上偏差,且数据偏误的动机在于平滑经济表面的波动。三是面对GDP与CPI数据偏差,货币政策体现出调整不足,随着经济数据向上偏差程度加大,政策调节系数呈现先降后增的U型态势。

液舱晃荡对压载水型浮式防波堤消浪性能的影响

基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,建立了波浪与压载水型浮式防波堤相互作用的数值模型,模拟分析了波浪场分布特征,探究了液舱晃荡对压载水型浮式防波堤消浪性能的影响.结果表明:压载水型浮式防波堤通过减小防波堤运动响应和增大对入射波能量的消耗来提升消浪性能;对比干砂型浮式防波堤,压载水型浮式防波堤消浪性能最高可提升21.9%;常见入射波浪频率接近液舱晃荡固有频率,引起舱内液体会发生共振现象,导致防波堤消浪性能减弱;在防波堤液舱内部加入竖向挡板,改变其液舱晃荡的固有频率,加入挡板后防波堤消浪性能最高可提升51.6%.结果有望为海岸防护工程领域提供新的思路和解决方案,为实际工程提供一定的参考.

如何高效完成硫磺回收装置换热器的检修

换热器作为在石化企业中很常见同时也很重要的静设备,它的作为载体,供冷热完成热量交换的目的,实现控制介质温度和回收热量的目标。换热器的分类方式基本有三种,一是按传热原理分类,主要分为间壁式换热器、蓄热式换热器、流体连接间接式换热器、直接接触式换热器、复式换热器五类;二是按用途分类,主要分为冷却器、加热器、过热器、蒸发器等四类;三是按结构分类,主要分为浮头式换热器、固定管板式换热器、U形管板换热器、板式换热器等四类。主要阐述如何通过科学的计划和安排高效完成各种结构形式换热器的检修,并且确保检修质量达标,满足企业长周期稳定生产需求。

民族交往交流交融与中华民族共同体的建设路径——基于滇藏茶马古道各民族实践的实证研究

促进民族交往交流交融是中华民族共同体建设的重要途径。调查发现,滇藏茶马古道上各民族经济交往是基础,文化交流是关键,社会交融是目标。历史上滇藏茶马古道多民族在经济交往中要共建利益共同体,在文化交流中要共创文化共同体,在社会交融中要共构命运共同体,这是滇藏茶马古道留给我们建设中华民族共同体的主要经验。

电动车城市道路循环试验开发方法研究

针对传统试验场对电动车起步、停车工况验证不足的问题,基于城市道路起步停车次数多的特点,文章提出一种电动车城市道路循环试验开发方法。结合城市道路类型以及驾驶方式定义试验场景库,按照试验开发目标定义强度指标。根据试验场景库和试验里程构建初步试验方案,通过数据采集设备开展道路载荷测量。通过雨流计数法及疲劳损伤理论对道路载荷数据进行载荷强度计算,得出强度系数。根据强度系数阈值调整试验方案,达到强度系数目标,确定试验方法。实测结果证明:该方法具有可操作性,并能达到目标要求,完成实际试验开发。