西安脉冲堆^(127)I嬗变计算方法与实验验证

为了开展129I的热中子嬗变的研究,在西安脉冲堆上开展了127I靶件辐照实验。以探索实验条件,对127I靶件的嬗变率进行了蒙特卡罗计算,并与实验测量值进行了比对。利用NJOY程序,以ENDF/BVII.0库为基础,制作了127I在西安脉冲堆堆芯辐照温度下的MCNP格式截面库,与MCNP自带库(ENDF/BVI.2)同温度下截面库进行了比较,在不可分辨共振区做了改进,使用新制的截面库,利用MCNP程序对ORI-GEN2数据库中的127I辐射俘获截面进行了修正,结合ORIGEN2程序分析了127I靶件在西安脉冲堆实际辐照后的嬗变率和核素的变化,研究了中子能谱和辐照时间对靶件嬗变计算的影响。使用MCNPX自带的燃耗模块CINDER’90对127I靶件的嬗变情况进行模拟,结果与ORIGEN2基本一致,与实验数值有2%～3%的偏差,主要原因是MCNP计算中子通量密度存在误差。

压水堆燃耗数据库的制作与验证

基于评价数据库ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0和EAF-2010研制了一套适用于CINDER90程序的压水堆用燃耗数据库,该数据库包含中子反应截面、衰变数据和裂变产额数据3部分。中子反应截面的加工分为两步,首先采用Inverted-Stack算法和CRECTJ6程序将EAF-2010库的截面分支比融入ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0库全套中子评价数据,然后用NJOY2016程序处理成63群截面。衰变数据和裂变产额数据分别由MF8/MT457和MF8/MT454数据加工得到,裂变产额数据共包含36个裂变核的60组产额数据。以SFCOMPO-2.0中Takahama-3压水堆燃料组件为基准题,对研制的燃耗数据库进行了验证。结果表明,本文制作的燃耗数据库的方法是正确的,对于某些核素,如^(242)Am^(m),制作的数据库比自带库的计算结果更接近实验值。

基于OpenStack平台的Cinder服务的研究与实现

在当前云计算、大数据等科技不断发展的背景下,云存储技术作为一种区别于传统存储技术的一种新型存储方式,因其具有数据存储容量大、数据存储安全性高、数据存储使用方便等特点,在社会的更多领域加以应用。本文通过对云存储技术的相关介绍,提出一种OpenStack+Cinder的云存储架构的搭建方案并加以实现。

Utilization of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder via a chlorination–volatilization process

The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl_2 dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl_2 was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl_2 started to react with sulfides/SO_2/SiO_2 at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl_2 to generate Cl_2/HCl. Gaseous CaCl_2 was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl_2-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl_2 and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl_2 decreased the compressive strength of pellets.

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination–magnetizing roasting–magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90 wt% Fe, 1.23 wt% Zn, and 0.29 wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions(dosage of Ca Cl2, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions(amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07 wt% Fe, 0.16 wt% P, 0.26 wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals(0.005 wt% Cu, 0.013 wt% Pb, and 0.051 wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.

OpenStack平台与Ceph统一存储的集成

在目前开源世界的存储项目中,不同的项目都有侧重点,然而,存储接口需求、扩展、运维和成本是企业级存储产品的四大关注点。Ceph是一种支持对象存储、块存储、文件存储的独特统一的系统,具有高可用、易管理、免费等特点。本文介绍了当下流行的Ceph分布式存储架构,描述了Ceph的基本结构每个组件的作用及如何创建和优化Ceph集群,并就Ceph作为OpenStack的后端存储、高效集成,及CRUSH算法进行了分析。

Preparation of pre-reduced pellet using pyrite cinder containing nonferrous metals with high temperature chloridizingreduction roasting technology—Effect of CaCl_2 additive

The role of CaCl2 during the high temperature chloridizing-reduction roasting process was investigated, aiming at acquiring high strength blast furnace burden with high iron grade and low nonferrous metals content. The effects of CaCl2 dosage on pelletizing, preheating and reduction were investigated. The results show that CaCl2 can improve the wet drop strength but reduces the thermostability of pyrite cinder green balls. When the dosage of CaCl2 exceeds 1%, the compressive strength of preheated pellets decreases while the growth of iron oxide particles is improved. Furthermore, the compressive strength of pre-reduced pellets increases but the metallization degree of pre-reduced pellets decreases with CaCl2 additive. The removal tests indicate that Zn can be removed completely without CaCl2 additive, Cu is removed only under the condition with CaCl2 additive and part of Pb must be removed by CaCl2 additive.

Determination of CaO in Baotou Columbite and Steel Cinder with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The determination of CaO content in columbite and steel cinder with flame atomic absorption spectrometry is studied. EDTA+TEA is used to eliminate the interferences, in HCI media,with La as releaser. The methods of sample treatment and the CaO in remainder undissolved in acids have been conducted. The result of the determination and recovery of CaO shows that the rate of recovery is 100% ～ 102 %, R. S.D<2 %.

Effect of supports on the redox performance of pyrite cinder in chemical looping combustion

Chemical looping combustion(CLC)is a clean and efficient flame-free combustion technology,which combust the fuels by lattice oxygen from a solid oxygen carrier with inherent CO_(2)capture.The development of oxygen carriers with low cost and high redox performance is crucial to the whole efficiency of CLC process.As the solid by-product from the sulfuric acid production,pyrite cinder presented excellent redox performance as an oxygen carrier in CLC process.The main components in pyrite cinder are Fe_(2)O_(3),CaSO_(4),Al_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)in which Fe_(2)O_(3)is the active component to provide lattice oxygen.In order to systematic investigate the functions of supports(CaSO_4,Al_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2))in pyrite cinder,three oxygen carriers(Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaSO_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2))were prepared and evaluated in this study.The results showed that Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaSO_(4) displayed high redox activity and cycling stability in the multiple redox cycles.However,both Fe_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)experienced serious deactivation during redox reactions.It indicated that the inert Fe-Si solid solution(Fe_(2)SiO_(4))was formed in the spent Fe_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)sample,which decreased the oxygen carrying capacity of this sample.The XPS results showed that the oxygen species on the surface of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaSO_(4) could be fully recovered after the 20 redox cycles.It can be concluded that CaSO_(4) is the key to the high redox activity and cycling stability of pyrite cinder.

Investigation of the redox performance of pyrite cinder calcined at different temperature in chemical looping combustion

As an industrial solid waste,pyrite cinder exhibited excellent reactivity and cycle stability in chemical looping combustion.Prior to the experiment,oxygen carriers often experienced a high temperature calcination process to stabilize the physico-chemical properties,which presented significant influence on the redox performance of oxygen carriers.However,the effect of calcination temperature on the cyclic reaction performance of pyrite cinder has not been studied in detail.In this work,the effect of calcination temperature on the redox activity and attrition characteristic of pyrite cinder were studied in a fluidizedbed reactor using CH_(4) as fuel.A series of pyrite cinder samples were prepared by controlling the calcination temperature.The redox activity and attrition rate of the obtained pyrite cinder samples were investigated deeply.The results showed that calcination temperature displayed significant impact on the redox performance of pyrite cinder.Considering CH_(4) conversion(80%–85%)and attrition resistance,the pyrite cinder calcined at 1050℃ presented excellent redox properties.In the whole experiment process,the CO_(2) selectivity of the pyrite cinder samples were not affected by the calcination temperature and were still close to 100%.The results can provide reference for optimizing the calcination temperature of pyrite cinder during chemical looping process.

Characteristics of Central Heating Cinder and Its Influence on Soil Properties

[Objective]The research was designed to explore the effect of long-term stacking of solid waste produced in the coal-burning process of central heating enterprises on physical and chemical properties of soil.[Method]This study took the heating enterprises in Shenyang City as the research object.The morphological structure and element composition of coal cinder were determined by continuously collecting coal and cinder samples in different periods.At the same time,the original soil and cinder soil of the stacking site were collected to determine the changes of soil morphological structure,element composition and physical and chemical properties,so as to provide reference for the resource utilization of local cinder waste and the potential pollution risk of the stacking site.[Result]The contents of C,H,O,N,and S non-metallic elements in coal cinder decreased by 69.5%,71.2%,76.0%,74.5%,and 34.6%,respectively when compared with raw coal;while the content of Si increased significantly by 95.7%.The contents of Al,K,and Fe in cinder decreased by 4.3%,60.2%,and 33.3%,respectively,while the contents of Mg and Na increased by 36.1%and 130.9%,respectively.Compared with the original soil,the contents of C,H,and O in shallow cinder soil and deep cinder soil increased by 126.5%,67.9%,80.93%,and 21.3%,25.0%and 42.3%,respectively.The residual carbon existed in the form of activated carbon.The contents of Mg,Al,K,Na,Ca,and Fe in shallow cinder soil and deep cinder soil increased by 61.6%,5.4%,46.1%,35.8%,32.5%,6.3%and 22.3%,12.3%,12.2%,15.6%,5.8%and 2.8%,respectively compared with the original soil.The content of heavy metal elements in coal cinder did not reach the detection limit.Under the scanning electron microscope,the raw coal is mainly block structure,while the cinder is honeycombed and porous and dust.[Conclusion]Cinder stacking can significantly improve the content of organic matter and available K in shallow cinder soil,and improve the porosity and permeability of soil.In addition,cinder waste has high pH and pore structure,which can be used as acid soil conditioner,seedling flower matrix and compound fertilizer filler to take full advantage of cinder waste,improve soil structure and supply nutrients.

云计算技术应用实践

云计算(CloudComputing)是信息时代虚拟化、网络化、共享化的重要产物。目前Openstack架构是较流行的云计算核心架构,作为一种开源架构,被广泛应用。下文就以Openstack为核心的云计算结构做简要介绍,帮助大家了解云计算基础结构知识的同时简要介绍云计算的一些应用实践场景和应用优势。

Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) over cinder-based nanoneedle in presence of tartaric acid: Synergistic performance and mechanism

Cr(Ⅵ) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment.Therefore, the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) has become an attractive topic.In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-(AlOOH@FeOOH)(γ-Al@Fe).The physicochemical properties of γ-Al@Fe were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) was evaluated.The results showed that Cr(Ⅵ) could be efficiently reduced by γ-Al@Fe in the presence of tartaric acid(TA) under visible light.The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions(γ-Al@Fe 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(Ⅵ)was completely reduced within 7 min.Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O_(2)^(·-) and CO_(2)^(·-) played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ).TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO_(2)^(·-).Dissolving O_(2) could react with electrons to generate O_(2)^(·-).This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.

Research on Kaolinite Type Pyrite Slag as Activity of Cement Mixed Material

Produced by the production of sulfuric acid from kaolinite type when the Fe2O3 and metakaolin together constitute the kaolinite type pyrite cinder is a typical industrial solid waste. Only in southern Sichuan China storage capacity has reached millions of tons, that caused serious impact on ecology and environment in this area. It also caused serious waste of resources. The magnetite concentrate and given priority to with partial kaolinite pyrite cinder tailings that were obtained by grinding and magnetic separation. This experiment studied the relationship composition and particle size with its activity when cinder tailings as cement mixed material. The results show that the particle size of D90 were 88 micron, 56 micron, 40 micron, the activity index were 1.036, 1.068, 1.102. The slag after magnetic separation is a kind of very good activity of cement mixed material. It can make good use of the industrial solid waste.