Dimension decomposition algorithm for multiple source localization using uniform circular array

A dimension decomposition(DIDE)method for multiple incoherent source localization using uniform circular array(UCA)is proposed.Due to the fact that the far-field signal can be considered as the state where the range parameter of the nearfield signal is infinite,the algorithm for the near-field source localization is also suitable for estimating the direction of arrival(DOA)of far-field signals.By decomposing the first and second exponent term of the steering vector,the three-dimensional(3-D)parameter is transformed into two-dimensional(2-D)and onedimensional(1-D)parameter estimation.First,by partitioning the received data,we exploit propagator to acquire the noise subspace.Next,the objective function is established and partial derivative is applied to acquire the spatial spectrum of 2-D DOA.At last,the estimated 2-D DOA is utilized to calculate the phase of the decomposed vector,and the least squares(LS)is performed to acquire the range parameters.In comparison to the existing algorithms,the proposed DIDE algorithm requires neither the eigendecomposition of covariance matrix nor the search process of range spatial spectrum,which can achieve satisfactory localization and reduce computational complexity.Simulations are implemented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed DIDE method.Moreover,simulations demonstrate that the proposed DIDE method can also classify the mixed far-field and near-field signals.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTIONS OF CIRCULAR CRACK IN TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC PIEZOELECTRIC SPACE WITH RESULTANT SOURCES

Exact solutions in form of elementary functions were derived for the stress and electric displacement intensity factors of a circular crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space interacting with various stress and charge sources： force dipoles, electric dipoles, moments, force dilatation and rotation. The circular crack includes penny-shaped crack and external circular crack and the locations and orientations of these resultant sources with respect to the crack are arbitrary. Such stress and charge sources may model defects like vacancies, foreign particles, and dislocations. Numerical results are presented at last.

A Generalized Propagator Algorithm for Localization of Non-circular Sources Using Arbitrary Array Geometry

A propagator-based algorithm for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of noncoherent one-dimensional(1-D)non-circular sources is presented such as binary phase shift keying(BPSK)and amplitude modulation(AM).The algorithm achieves DOA estimation through searching a 1-D spectrum,which is newly formed on the basis of the rank reduction criterion,and works well without knowledge of the non-circular phases.And then,a search-free implementation of the algorithm is also developed by using the polynomial rooting technique.According to the non-circular property,the algorithm can virtually enlarge the array aperture,thus significantly improving its estimation accuracy and enabling it to handle more sources than the number of sensors.Moreover,the algorithm requires no rotational invariance,so it can be applied to arbitrary array geometry and dispense with the high-complexity procedure of the eigen-decomposition of the correlation sample matrix.Finally,numerical simulations verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Measurement of Aerodynamic Sound Source around a Circular Cylinder by Particle Image Velocimetry

The purpose of this paper is to propose a sound localization method as an alternative of the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) system for detecting the aerodynamic sound source of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow. The sound source intensity of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow is evaluated by measuring the time-derivative of instantaneous velocity field in the flow field using a pair of planar PIV system. It allows the visualization of the sound source intensity distribution, which is the time-derivative of the vector product of vorticity and velocity. The experimental results indicate that the aerodynamic sound is generated from the separation point and the velocity fluctuation in the separating shear layer from the circular cylinder. These results agree qualitatively with the previous findings from experiment and numerical simulation, which supports the validity of the present experimental method for evaluating the sound source intensity distribution.

Sound Source Measurement of a Semi-Circular Cylinder in a Uniform Flow by Particle Image Velocimetry

In this paper, the measurement of an aerodynamic sound source for a semi-circular cylinder in a uniform flow is described using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). This experimental technique is based on vortex sound theory, where the time derivative of vorticity is evaluated with the aid of two sets of standard PIV systems. The experimental results indicate that the sound source for the semi-circular cylinder is located around the shear layer near the edge of the semi-circular cylinder. The sound source intensity and the area are reduced in the semi-circular cylinder compared with those of a circular cylinder. This result indicates that the aerodynamic sound of the semi- circular cylinder is smaller than that of the circular cylinder, which supports the microphone measurement result.

Multiple k-hop clusters based routing scheme to preserve source-location privacy in WSNs

Privacy is becoming one of the most notable challenges threatening wireless sensor networks(WSNs).Adversaries may use RF(radio frequency) localization techniques to perform hop-by-hop trace back to the source sensor's location.A multiple k-hop clusters based routing strategy(MHCR) is proposed to preserve source-location privacy as well as enhance energy efficiency for WSNs.Owing to the inherent characteristics of intra-cluster data aggregation,each sensor of the interference clusters is able to act as a fake source to confuse the adversary.Moreover,dummy traffic could be filtered efficiently by the cluster heads during the data aggregation,ensuring no energy consumption be burdened in the hotspot of the network.Through careful analysis and calculation on the distribution and the number of interference clusters,energy efficiency is significantly enhanced without reducing the network lifetime.Finally,the security and delay performance of MHCR scheme are theoretically analyzed.Extensive analysis and simulation results demonstrate that MHCR scheme can improve both the location privacy security and energy efficiency markedly,especially in large-scale WSNs.

Development of point source method and its practical significance

The advantages of Reichardt＇s hypothesis in dealing with single and multiple circular jets in a stagnant environment are highlighted. The stages involved in the development of the point source method, an offshoot of the new hypothesis, are presented, Previous results of experiments on multiple circular jets in a stagnant environment justify the method of superposition. As a prelude to discussion of multiple jets in a co-flowing stream, results on the excess-velocity decay, the growth of the shear layer, and the dilutions for a single jet based on Reichardt＇s hypothesis are presented. The spreading hypothesis is generalized by introducing a link factor kl to account for the co-flowing stream. The distribution of excess-momentum flux uAu is shown to be Gaussian in nature. Based on the principle of superposition, the decay of the maximum excess velocity and the dilution are predicted for odd and even numbers of jets in an array. The predictions seem to be in good agreement with observed data.

Interaction due to various sources in saturated porous media with incompressible fluid

The disturbance due to mechanical and thermal sources in saturated porous media with incompressible fluid for two-dimensional axi-symmetric problem is investigated.The Laplace and Hankel transforms techniques are used to investigate the problem.The concentrated source and source over circular region have been taken to show the utility of the approach.The transformed components of displacement,stress and pore pressure are obtained.Numerical inversion techniques are used to obtain the resulting quantities in the physical domain and the effect of porosity is shown on the resulting quantities.All the field quantities are found to be sensitive towards the porosity parameters.It is observed that porosity parameters have both increasing and decreasing effect on the numerical values of the physical quantities.Also the values of the physical quantities are affected by the different boundaries.A special case of interest is also deduced.

循环经济视角下乡村旅游资源低碳化开发研究

旅游循环经济与低碳经济之间存在耦合机制,为减少碳源和增加碳汇,循环经济下的乡村旅游资源低碳化开发方法主要有梯次开发、变废为宝、资源共享、循环经济技术、生态补偿、地方性利用六种。自然环境美化、示范效应和融合发展是具体开发模式,其中,低碳型的融合模式以产业外部循环和要素内部循环为主要表现。

火源空间位置影响下环形走廊安全区域划分研究

为研究火源空间位置对高层建筑环形走廊安全区域划分的影响,采用PyroSim软件模拟不同火源空间位置下烟气温度、烟气浓度及烟气能见度的变化情况对环形走廊进行安全区域划分的影响。结果表明,火源距离地面竖直高度一定时,由于走廊拐角的卷吸作用,走廊截面交界处的烟气温度和CO体积分数远高于无截面交界处,能见度则远低于无截面交界处,且落入重度危险区域。火源竖直高度越高,走廊拐角处同一位置烟气温度越高,当火源竖直高度上升到90 m时,走廊烟气温度最大增加到270℃。拐角和环形走廊中间部位烟气温度和CO体积分数明显高于其他部位,若无任何排烟措施,对人员逃生非常不利。当火源距离走廊窗口的水平距离一定时,火源距离地面的竖直高度越高,室外风速对走廊安全区域的划分影响越大。安全区域、轻度危险和中度危险区域面积随着火源位置高度的增加而增加,重度危险区域则逐渐减少,且火源位置高度越高,变化趋势越显著。

Influence of temperature dependent heat source/sink on transient MHD free convective flow in an infinite rigid impermeable vertical cylinder with chemical reaction

It is increasingly apparent that the inclusion of mass transfer aspects,together with certain thermal conditions,in the momentum and energy equations governing MHD flows leads to a numbers of real life applications.Keeping this in view,we have attempted an exact analysis of heat and mass transfer aspects in transient hydromagnetic free convective flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through a vertical pipe under an externally applied magnetic field,assuming presence of chemical reaction and heat source/sink.The governing PDEs,which simplify to a set of 3 linear ODEs in the physical set up considered here,have been solved using Laplace transform technique,with solutions for key physical variables presented in the term of Bessel and modified Bessel functions.The influence of governing non-dimensional parameters,namely,Hartmann number,Schmidt number,source/sink parameter,Prandtl number and chemical reaction parameter,has been illustrated on the developing velocity and some concentration profiles.Some important quantities of engineering interest-surface skin friction and volumetric flow rates-have been computed too and analysed.Some notable finding worth mentioning are:(a)heat source presence causes higher fluid velocity as compared to the heat sink;(b)all important surface shear stress can be suitably controlled,among others,by chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number.The key challenge of this study has been to obtain exact closed-form solutions of the field equations,including cumbersome Laplace inverses.This study finds innovative applications in the emerging fields such as magnetic materials processing,chemical processes,solar energy systems,etc.

Study of the second harmonic sound field from a circular piston source and the influence in the nonlinearity parameter tomography

In the nonlinearity parameter B/A tomography using the second harmonic wav, it is very important to analyze the ultrasonic field of the transducer, especially the generation of the second harmonic wave in the nearfield. In this paper, the theoretical study and experimental measurements of the second harmoinc pressure field from a circular piston source are performed.And the effect on the nonlinearity parameter tomograaphy is discussed. The results will be used to decrease the error of reconstruction in nonlinearity parameter tomography and bring the ultrasoinc diagnosis a step forward

基于均匀圆阵的近场源定位技术研究进展

近场源定位在雷达、声呐和通信中发挥着重要的作用。该文利用均匀圆阵的阵列结构优势,系统梳理了窄带近场源定位方法以及解模糊方法,并在此基础上从时域、频域、分数阶傅里叶域等方面阐述了近场线性调频(LFM)信号的方位角、俯仰角和距离等3维位置参数快速精确估计方法。最后,对相干辐射源和近远场混合源参数估计等后续研究内容进行了展望。

基于均匀圆阵的宽带相干LFM信号定位方法

本文提出一种基于均匀圆阵的宽带相干LFM信号定位方法。首先,算法根据LFM信号在分数阶傅里叶域的能量聚焦性,对接收信号做分数阶傅里叶变换,实现宽带信号的窄带化处理;其次,利用圆阵的虚拟轴向平移形成的相位差构造空间平滑矩阵,完成相干信号的解相干处理;最后,对空间平滑矩阵进行奇异值分解得到相邻阵元接收数据的相位差,结合相位差反演参数估计算法得到二维角度参数估计的闭式解。仿真实验验证了算法对宽带相干LFM信号定位的有效性。

纵振激励频率对圆盘弯曲振动特性的影响

利用有限元方法,计算并分析了具有一定大小的激励面积、频率不同的纵向夹心式换能器激励圆盘中心时,产生一阶弯曲振动的规律。结果表明:随着激励源频率的逐渐提高,圆盘弯曲振动的基频在不断增大,节圆半径也在增大,圆盘圆心处的位移振幅先增大后减小。实验测试与有限元计算结果基本吻合。该研究为此类复合纵弯振动系统的设计和实际应用提供了一定的参考。

组合圆形活塞声源远场指向特性的仿真研究

依据本文构造的组合圆形活塞声源,导出了该声源远场指向性公式,并对其正确性和有效性进行了仿真研究。仿真果表明:这种结构的组合声源,不仅能有效地抑制副极大,减小主瓣宽度;而且所有声频均有指向性,声频愈高,指向性愈强。

组合圆形活塞声源远场指向性理论研究

基于镜像原理,推导出组合声源在有限空间中的指向性公式,并运用Matlab软件进行模拟.结果表明,与无限大障板情况相比,基于镜像原理的组合声源远场指向性更能真实反映声化学反应器内声场的分布.

基于一种圆形LED面光源的网点设计及仿真

根据导光板散光原理,建立圆形导光板数学模型,有效地将LED线阵列转化成照度较为均匀的面光源,利用软件Trace-pro初步模拟结果求出导光板的一些参数,推导出圆形导光板的网点分布规律,最后利用光学软件进行仿真,获得了均匀度较高的光斑。实验结果表明:输出光的均匀性和亮度与网点的填充率密切相关,与网点的形状关系不大,验证了该方法的正确性。

基于不同阵元换能器阵列的指向性研究

分别以圆形、圆环形和矩形活塞声源为阵元组成线列阵,得出3种阵列的指向性函数,并对其指向性进行了对比分析.结果表明,阵元的形状、间距、尺寸、数目对指向性有一定的影响,在条件相当的情况下,圆环形阵元组成的阵列指向性最好.

基于平面圆盘传感器阵列的早期火灾源点定位研究

火灾源点定位对实现有针对性的灭火,人员疏散都有重要意义。火灾初期阴燃状态下,释放热量小,却产生大量的烟气,针对这一特点,根据早期烟气扩散模型,提出利用平面圆盘传感器阵列探测烟气延时,来实现阴燃火灾的源点定位,并引入了遗传算法对定位误差进行修正。圆盘定位方法的应用,减小了由于烟气自身扩散及其它环境因素带来的误差,大大提高了定位精度。试验结果表明,该方法对早期火灾源点定位效果良好,实效性强。