Functions of Uni- and Multi-citations： Implications for Weighted Citation Analysis

Purpose： （1） To test basic assumptions underlying frequency-weighted citation analysis： （a） Uni-citations correspond to citations that are nonessential to the citing papers; （b） The influence of a cited paper on the citing paper increases with the frequency with which it is cited in the citing paper. （2） To explore the degree to which citation location may be used to help identify nonessential citations. Design/methodology/approach： Each of the in-text citations in all research articles published in Issue 1 of the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology （JASIST） 2016 was manually classified into one of these five categories： Applied, Contrastive, Supportive, Reviewed, and Perfunctory. The distributions of citations at different in-text frequencies and in different locations in the text by these functions were analyzed. Findings： Filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight is important for frequency-weighted citation analysis. For this purpose, removing citations by location is more effective than re-citation analysis that simply removes uni-citations. Removing all citation occurrences in the Background and Literature Review sections and uni-citations in the Introduction section appears to provide a good balance between filtration and error rates. Research limitations： This case study suffers from the limitation of scalability and generalizability. We took careful measures to reduce the impact of other limitations of the data collection approach used. Relying on the researcher＇s judgment to attribute citation functions, this approach is unobtrusive but speculative, and can suffer from a low degree of confidence, thus creating reliability concerns. Practical implications： Weighted citation analysis promises to improve citation analysis for research evaluation, knowledge network analysis, knowledge representation, and information retrieval. The present study showed the importance of filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight in a weighted citation analysis, which may be a significant step forward to realizing these promises. Originality/value： Weighted citation analysis has long been proposed as a theoretical solution to the problem of citation analysis that treats all citations equally, and has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. The present study showed, for the first time, the importance of filtering out nonessential citations in weighted citation analysis, pointing research in this area in a new direction.

A Micro Perspective of Research Dynamics Through“Citations of Citations”Topic Analysis

Purpose:Research dynamics have long been a research interest.It is a macro perspective tool for discovering temporal research trends of a certain discipline or subject.A micro perspective of research dynamics,however,concerning a single researcher or a highly cited paper in terms of their citations and“citations of citations”(forward chaining)remains unexplored.Design/methodology/approach:In this paper,we use a cross-collection topic model to reveal the research dynamics of topic disappearance topic inheritance,and topic innovation in each generation of forward chaining.Findings:For highly cited work,scientific influence exists in indirect citations.Topic modeling can reveal how long this influence exists in forward chaining,as well as its influence.Research limitations:This paper measures scientific influence and indirect scientific influence only if the relevant words or phrases are borrowed or used in direct or indirect citations.Paraphrasing or semantically similar concept may be neglected in this research.Practical implications:This paper demonstrates that a scientific influence exists in indirect citations through its analysis of forward chaining.This can serve as an inspiration on how to adequately evaluate research influence.Originality:The main contributions of this paper are the following three aspects.First,besides research dynamics of topic inheritance and topic innovation,we model topic disappearance by using a cross-collection topic model.Second,we explore the length and character of the research impact through“citations of citations”content analysis.Finally,we analyze the research dynamics of artificial intelligence researcher Geoffrey Hinton’s publications and the topic dynamics of forward chaining.

Bibliometric profile of neurogenic bladder in the literature:a 20-year bibliometric analysis

Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the lower urinary tract caused by nervous system disor- der. We investigated the trends in publication of articles under the topic ＂neurogenic bladder＂ using bibliometric analysis. Articles on neurogenic bladder, published between 1995 and 2014, were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science citation database. We analyzed the search results for authors, countries, institutions, journals, and top-cited papers. A total of 1,904 articles were re- trieved. There was a small increase in the number of articles on neurogenic bladder from 1995 （n = 43） to 2014 （n = 117）. The USA was the leading country in the total number of articles （n = 598）. However, the number of publications from China has rapidly increased, and China was ranked second in 2014. Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler （n = 65） was the most productive author, and University of Paris VI （Paris 6） （n = 61） was the most productive institution. The Journal of Urology published the greatest number of artides on this topic （n = 285）. Articles on neurogenic bladder were often published in a professional journal under the category Urology ＆ Nephrology, Neurosciences ＆ Neurology, or Rehabilitation. Visualization analysis based on co-citation networks was conducted using CiteSpace III. Visualization analysis revealed that the hot spots in neurogenic bladder were botulinum toxin-A, prazosin, bethanechol, and afferent pathways. These findings provide new insight into the publication trends and hot spots in neurogenic bladder.

Baishideng’s Reference Citation Analysis database announces the first Journal Article Influence Index of 101 core journals and a list of high-quality academic journals in gastroenterology and hepatology

After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in gastroenterology andhepatology conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) editorial team ofBaishideng Publishing Group (Baishideng), the RCA database of Baishidengofficially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index (2022 JAII) of 101 corejournals in gastroenterology and hepatology, for the first time. The list of 101 corejournals can be found at: https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/Search-Journal. Among them, the highest 2022 JAII is 48.014 and the lowest is 3.900. Thisarticle highlights the top 20 journals, describes the calculation method for the 2022JAII, the evaluation process, and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academicevaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors toselect reliable journals for submission, readers to select high-quality literature forreading, and editors to track their own journal citation performance. As such, theRCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool. Any interestedparty is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.

Baishideng’s Reference Citation Analysis database announces the first Journal Article Influence Index of 104 core journals and a list of high-quality academic journals in orthopedics

After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in orthopedics conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(2022 JAII)of 104 core journals and a list of high-quality academic journals in orthopedics,for the first time on August 9,2022.The list of 104 core journals can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/SearchJournal.Among them,the highest 2022 JAII is 55.015 and the lowest is 3.076.This article introduces the 21 high-quality academic journals and describes the calculation method for the 2022 JAII,the evaluation process,and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academic evaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors to select reliable journals for submission,readers to select high-quality literature for reading,and editors to track their own journal citation performance.As such,the RCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool.Any interested party is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.

Baishideng’s Reference Citation Analysis database announces the first Article Influence Index of multidisciplinary scholars

After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of registered scholars conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Article Influence Index(2022 AII)of 632 scholars from 74 countries/territories in 98 research categories,for the first time.The list of 632 scholars can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/searchscholar.Among them,the highest 2022 AII is 348.211,the highest number of total citations is 42830,and the highest number of total articles is 901.The category with the largest number of RCA scholars is Gastroenterology&Hepatology,with a total of 100(15.8%),and the second is Surgery,with a total of 46(7.3%).This article summarizes the RCA scholars and describes the mission of RCA,the openness and transparency of RCA evaluation,the calculation method for the 2022 AII,and the evaluation process of RCA scholars.The RCA scholar list will effectively serve as a useful Find-a-Scholar tool.Any interested scholar is welcome to register and join this RCA scholar list.

Scientometric analysis and mapping of 20 years of glaucoma research

AIM：To provide a scientometric analysis in the field of glaucoma.METHODS：A bibliometric method was used to obtain a view of the scientific production in field of glaucoma by data extracted from the Institute for Scientific Information（ISI） from 1993 to 2013.Specific parameters were retrieved from the ISI.Articles about glaucoma were analyzed regarding the topics＇ structure,history,and document relationships using HistCite software.Also,the trends in the most influential publications and authors were analyzed.RESULTS：The number of articles was constantly increasing,and most highly cited articles addressed clinical and epidemiologic topics in this field.During the past three years,there has been a trend towards genomic research studies and also more molecular translational research.CONCLUSION：This was the first scientometric report on glaucoma,analyzing the characteristics of papers and the trends in scientific production.A constant increase was observed in the number of papers,while the subject of papers had a shift in the past three years towards genomic research studies.

Current global research landscape on COVID-19 and cancer: Bibliometric and visualization analysis

BACKGROUND Cancer is a severe public health issue that seriously jeopardizes global health.In individuals with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),cancer is considered an independent risk factor for severe illness and increased mortality.AIM To identify research hotspots and prospects,we used bibliometrics to examine the global production of COVID-19 literature published in the field of oncology.METHODS Data on publication output were identified based on the Scopus database between January 1,2020,and June 21,2022.This study used VOSviewer to analyze collaboration networks among countries and assess the terms most often used in the titles and abstracts of retrieved publications to determine research hotspots linked to cancer and COVID-19.The Impact Index Per Article for the top 10 high-cited papers collected from Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)are presented.RESULTS A total of 7015 publications were retrieved from the database.The United States published the greatest number of articles(2025;28.87%),followed by Italy(964;13.74%),the United Kingdom(839;11.96%),and China(538;7.67%).The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center(n=205,2.92%)ranked first,followed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center(n=176,2.51%).The European Journal of Cancer(n=106,1.51%)ranked first,followed by the Frontiers in Oncology(n=104,1.48%),Cancers(n=102,1.45%),and Pediatric Blood and Cancer(n=95;1.35%).The hot topics were stratified into“cancer care management during the COVID-19 pandemic”;and“COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients”.CONCLUSION This is the first bibliometric analysis to determine the present state and upcoming hot themes related to cancer and COVID-19 and vice versa using VOSviewer during the early stages of the pandemic.The emergence of hot themes related to cancer and COVID-19 may aid researchers in identifying new research areas in this field.

A causational analysis of scholars' years of active academic careers vis-à-vis their academic productivity and academic influence

Taking the scholarly activities of 73 doctoral program mentors working at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College(the CAMS &PUMC) as a sample of our investigative survey, we tried using such statistical methods as the analysis of variance(ANOVA), factor analysis and correlation analysis to compare the different characteristics of scholarship assessment of Chinese medical scholars as exhibited in their published papers in domestic and foreign journals. Our research findings show that citations per paper and A-index are more suitable for assessing the highly accomplished senior Chinese medical professionals(e.g. academicians) for their domestic and international scholarship attainment. In contrast, the m-quotient is not deemed appropriate to assess their academic influence both at home and abroad. Upon our further analysis of 6 evaluative indicators, we noticed that these indicators might be applied in two different aspects: One is from the viewpoint of Chinese scholars' academic influence at home, which has been evaluated mainly from the perspective of 'total' amount and 'average' amount of both publications and citations. The other is from their academic impact embodied by the means of documents retrieved from the Web of Science, which is mainly assessed from the two viewpoints of publications and citations. It is suggested that the accumulated time-length of a given scholar's active engagement in professional practice in a specific subject area be taken into consideration while assessing a researcher's performance at home and abroad.

An Informetric analysis of web citation in Chinese journals of Library and Information Science in recent years

This paper selects 998 articles as its data sources from four Chinese core journals in the field of Library and Information Science from 2003 to 2007.Some pertinent aspects of reference citations particularly from web resources are selected for a focused analysis and discussion.This includes primarily such items as the number of web citations,web citations per each article,the distribution of domain names of web citations and also certain aspects about the institutional and/or geographical affiliations of the author.The evolving situation of utilizing online networked academic information resources in China is the central thematic discussion of this study.The writing of this paper is augmented by the explicatory presentation of 3 graphic figures,6 tables and 18 references.

The citation analysis of Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics from 2005 to 2009

Objective To evaluate the academic level and the popularity of Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics from the point view of citation.Methods According to the information of Chinese Medical Citation Index(CMCI),the amount and distribution of

International visibility of Armenian domestic journals:the role of scientific diaspora

Purpose:Nearly 122 scientific journals are currently being published in Armenia-of which only six are indexed by WoS and/or Scopus databases.The majority of the national journals are published in the Armenian language,solely possessing abstracts written in English,although there are also English-language and multi-language journals with articles not only in Armenian but also in other foreign languages.The aim of this article is to study the visibility of the(non-indexed)national Armenian journals in the WoS database through citation analysis.In consideration of the existence of a relevant Armenian“diaspora”in the world,this article also attempts to estimate its impact in terms of citation statistics.Design/methodology/approach:For this end,we have identified citations to the national/domestic Armenian journals in the WoS database in comparison with the share of citations received from“diaspora”researchers(researchers of Armenian origin born in foreign countries and those originally from Armenia who have emigrated to foreign countries).Findings:Among the 116 Armenian domestic journals analyzed(not indexed by WoS),only 47 were found to be cited in WoS.Of these journals,almost 12%are citations by“diaspora”researchers,most of which concern Social Science and Humanities journals.Research limitations:Although the surnames of Armenians end with-i(y)an,sometimes,the Diaspora Armenians,surnames are changed or modified or they are not ending with-i(y)an,in this case we may fail to identify them.Practical implications:This study can help to build new,more deep and comprehensive relations with scientific diasporas.Originality/value:This study offers a new understanding of multifaced research collaboration with scientific diasporas and their role in internationalization of domestic journals.

Co-author Weighting in Bibliometric Methodology and Subfields of a Scientific Discipline

Purpose: To give a theoretical framework to measure the relative impact of bibliometric methodology on the subfields of a scientific discipline, and how that impact depends on the method of evaluation used to credit individual scientists with citations and publications. The authors include a study of the discipline of physics to illustrate the method. Indicators are introduced to measure the proportion of a credit space awarded to a subfield or a set of authors.Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical methodology introduces the notion of credit spaces for a discipline. These quantify the total citation or publication credit accumulated by the scientists in the discipline. One can then examine how the credit is divided among the subfields. The design of the physics study uses the American Physical Society print journals to assign subdiscipline classifications to articles and gather citation, publication, and author information. Credit spaces for the collection of Physical Review Journal articles are computed as a proxy for physics.Findings: There is a substantial difference in the value or impact of a specific subfield depending on the credit system employed to credit individual authors.Research limitations: Subfield classification information is difficult to obtain. In the illustrative physics study, subfields are treated in groups designated by the Physical Review journals. While this collection of articles represents a broad part of the physics literature, it is not all the literature nor a random sample.Practical implications: The method of crediting individual scientists has consequences beyond the individual and affects the perceived impact of whole subfields and institutions. Originality/value: The article reveals the consequences of bibliometric methodology on subfields of a disciple by introducing a systematic theoretical framework for measuring the consequences.

Advances in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology over the course of a decade

The Journal of Geriatric Cardiology(JGC,ISSN 1671-5141/CN 11-5329/R)is a monthly,open-access,international,and peer-reviewed journal sponsored and published by the Institute of Geriatric Cardiology affiliated with Chinese PLA General Hospital.It was created in 2004 by Prof.Shi-Wen WANG,and as the current editor-in-chief,Prof.Yun-Dai CHEN has been involved in JGC for eight years and has achieved impressive advancements.

Discipline Impact Factor: Some of Its History, Some of the Author's Experience of Its Application, the Continuing Reasons for Its Use and… Next Beyond

Purpose: This work aims to consider the role and some of the 42-year history of the discipline impact factor(DIF) in evaluation of serial publications. Also, the original "symmetric" indicator called the "discipline susceptibility factor" is to be presented. Design/methodology/approach: In accordance with the purpose of the work, the methods are analytical interpretation of the scientific literature related to this problem as well as speculative explanations. The information base of the research is bibliometric publications dealing with impact, impact factor, discipline impact factor, and discipline susceptibility factor.Findings: Examples of the DIF application and modification of the indicator are given. It is shown why research and university libraries need to use the DIF to evaluate serials in conditions of scarce funding for subscription to serial publications, even if open access is available. The role of the DIF for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a good and right journal for submitting a paper is also briefly discussed. An original indicator "symmetrical" to the DIF(the "discipline susceptibility factor") and its differences from the DIF in terms of content and purpose of evaluation are also briefly presented.Research limitations: The selection of publications for the information base of the research did not include those in which the DIF was only mentioned, used partially or not for its original purpose. Restrictions on the length of the article to be submitted in this special issue of the JDIS also caused exclusion even a number of completely relevant publications. Consideration of the DIF is not placed in the context of describing other derivatives from the Garfield impact factor. Practical implications: An underrated bibliometric indicator, viz. the discipline impact factor is being promoted for the practical application. An original indicator "symmetrical" to DIF has been proposed in order of searching serial publications representing the external research fields that might fit for potential applications of the results of scientific activities obtained within the framework of the specific research field represented by the cited specialized journals. Both can be useful in research and university libraries in their endeavors to improve scientific information services. Also, both can be used for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a journal to submit a paper.Originality/value: The article substantiates the need to evaluate scientific serial publications in library activities—even in conditions of access to huge and convenient databases(subscription packages) and open access to a large number of serial publications. It gives a mini-survey of the history of one of the methods of such evaluation, and offers an original method for evaluating scientific serial publications.

Usage Count： A New Indicator to Detect Research Fronts

Purpose： Research fronts build on recent work, but using times cited as a traditional indicator to detect research fronts will inevitably result in a certain time lag. This study attempts to explore the effects of usage count as a new indicator to detect research fronts in shortening the time lag of classic indicators in research fronts detection. Design/methodology/approach： An exploratory study was conducted where the new indicator ＂usage count＂ was compared to the traditional citation count, ＂times cited,＂ in detecting research fronts of the regenerative medicine domain. An initial topic search of the term ＂regenerative medicine＂ returned 10,553 records published between 2000 and 2015 in the Web of Science （WoS）. We first ranked these records with usage count and times cited, respectively, and selected the top 2,000 records for each. We then performed a co-citation analysis in order to obtain the citing papers of the co-citation clusters as the research fronts. Finally, we compared the average publication year of the citing papers as well as the mean cited year of the co-citation clusters. Findings： The citing articles detected by usage count tend to be published more recently compared with times cited within the same research front. Moreover, research fronts detected by usage count tend to be within the last two years, which presents a higher immediacy and real-time feature compared to times cited. There is approximately a three-year time span among the mean cited years （known as ＂intellectual base＂） of all clusters generated by usage count and this figure is about four years in the network of times cited. In comparison to times cited, usage count is a dynamic and instant indicator. Research limitations： We are trying to find the cutting-edge research fronts, but those generated based on co-citations may refer to the hot research fronts. The usage count of older highly cited papers was not taken into consideration, because the usage count indicator released by WoS only reflects usage logs after February 2013. Practical implications： The article provides a new perspective on using usage count as a new indicator to detect research fronts.Originality/value： Usage count can greatly shorten the time lag in research fronts detection, which would be a promising complementary indicator in detection of the latest research fronts.

A Bias-Free Time-Aware PageRank Algorithm for Paper Ranking in Dynamic Citation Networks

The process of ranking scientific publications in dynamic citation networks plays a crucial rule in a variety of applications. Despite the availability of a number of ranking algorithms, most of them use common popularity metrics such as the citation count, h-index, and Impact Factor (IF). These adopted metrics cause a problem of bias in favor of older publications that took enough time to collect as many citations as possible. This paper focuses on solving the problem of bias by proposing a new ranking algorithm based on the PageRank (PR) algorithm;it is one of the main page ranking algorithms being widely used. The developed algorithm considers a newly suggested metric called the Citation Average rate of Change (CAC). Time information such as publication date and the citation occurrence’s time are used along with citation data to calculate the new metric. The proposed ranking algorithm was tested on a dataset of scientific papers in the field of medical physics published in the Dimensions database from years 2005 to 2017. The experimental results have shown that the proposed ranking algorithm outperforms the PageRank algorithm in ranking scientific publications where 26 papers instead of only 14 were ranked among the top 100 papers of this dataset. In addition, there were no radical changes or unreasonable jump in the ranking process, i.e., the correlation rate between the results of the proposed ranking method and the original PageRank algorithm was 92% based on the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Identifying Scientific and Technical“Unicorns”

Purpose:Using the metaphor of"unicorn,"we identify the scientific papers and technical patents characterized by the informetric feature of very high citations in the first ten years after publishing,which may provide a new pattern to understand very high impact works in science and technology.Design/methodology/approach:When we set CT as the total citations of papers or patents in the first ten years after publication,with CT≥5,000 for scientific"unicorn"and CT≥500 for technical"unicorn,"we have an absolute standard for identifying scientific and technical"unicorn"publications.Findings:We identify 165 scientific"unicorns"in 14,301,875 WoS papers and 224 technical"unicorns"in 13,728,950 DII patents during 2001–2012.About 50%of"unicorns"belong to biomedicine,in which selected cases are individually discussed.The rare"unicorns"increase following linear model,the fitting data show 95%confidence with the RMSE of scientific"unicorn"is 0.2127 while the RMSE of technical"unicorn"is 0.0923.Research limitations:A"unicorn"is a pure quantitative consideration without concerning its quality,and"potential unicorns"as CT≤5,000 for papers and CT≤500 for patents are left in future studies.Practical implications:Scientific and technical"unicorns"provide a new pattern to understand high-impact works in science and technology.The"unicorn"pattern supplies a concise approach to identify very high-impact scientific papers and technical patents.Originality/value:The"unicorn"pattern supplies a concise approach to identify very high impact scientific papers and technical patents.

Incorporating User’s Preferences into Scholarly Publications Recommendation

Over the years, there has been increasing growth in academic digital libraries. It has therefore become overwhelming for researchers to determine important research materials. In most existing research works that consider scholarly paper recommendation, the researcher’s preference is left out. In this paper, therefore, Frequent Pattern (FP) Growth Algorithm is employed on potential papers generated from the researcher’s preferences to create a list of ranked papers based on citation features. The purpose is to provide a recommender system that is user oriented. A walk through algorithm is implemented to generate all possible frequent patterns from the FP-tree after which an output of ordered recommended papers combining subjective and objective factors of the researchers is produced. Experimental results with a scholarly paper recommendation dataset show that the proposed method is very promising, as it outperforms recommendation baselines as measured with nDCG and MRR.

The Consistency Measurement in Document Publications and Citation Using t-Index

Recent time handling uncertainty and its measurement is considered as one of the major issues by data science and applied mathematics researchers. It becomes more complex when the dynamicity exists in data sets. One of the suitable examples is Scopus data sets which changes every time. In this case, precise measurement of consistency in document and citation publications is considered as one of the issues. It becomes more complex when the parameter like h-index and document count can be also manipulated over the period of time. To resolve this issue, a time-based index called as “t-index” is illustrated in this paper with an example. This method measures the randomness in document publication and citation using the average h-index and its entropy measurement.