Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in decline.However,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline occurs.To fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science data.Utilizing a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning 2009-2017.Our analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin abundance.More specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin populations.Within urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House Martin.We advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

Critical Success Factors for Citizen Development

The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of Citizen Development activities on digital transformation. The research identified eight categories that contribute to the success of Low-code No-code (LCNC) projects: 1) Strategy;2) Infrastructure;3) Technology;4) Processes & Procedures;5) Governance;6) Culture;7) People;8) Goals & Metrics and selected six critical success factors from these categories: 1) Operational Efficiency;2) Time Savings;3) Timeframe to Realize Value;4) Employee Engagement;5) Participation;6) Number of Sponsored Ideas. End users of the digital transformation efforts through Citizen Development were asked to assess the six critical success measures in terms of performance and importance criteria. The research results identified that focus should be applied to improving “Timeframe to Realize Value”, on “Operational Efficiency”, and on “Time Savings” to deliver success.

Analysis of Citizen Participation in Urban Planning of Comala,Colima,Mexico-A Secondary Publication

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of citizen participation in urban planning processes in the municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico to have a broader vision of the citizens and the environment in which they live.An instrument was designed specifically to perform this study and the instrument was validated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha.The results showed that citizens were highly involved in issues concerning their urban environment,and the main problems of the public spaces were also identified.

Diversity of Macro Invertebrates of the River Rwizi in Western Uganda: A Citizen Science-BioBlitz Approach

This study elucidates the pivotal role of citizen science-BioBlitz methodologies for rapid assessment of the macro-invertebrate taxa within the threatened River Rwizi of South-western Uganda. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, the investigation focused on six distinct river segments to demonstrate the efficacy of participatory citizen science-BioBlitz approaches conducted by experts, students and community volunteers. BioBlitz events included rigorous macro-invertebrate sampling at each of the selected sites along River Rwizi on nine occasions, incorporating collaborative taxonomic identification procedures involving experts, students, and the local community. Analyzing pollution concerns, diversity metrics, and community narratives yielded insights into river health and socio-ecological dynamics. A total of 43 macro-invertebrate families across 17 orders were documented with class Insecta dominating. Participants in BioBlitz events expressed predominantly positive sentiments, emphasizing satisfaction, education, and heightened awareness, besides negative sentiments rooted in historical mistrust. Intriguingly, the study unveiled an unforeseen trend in macro-invertebrate taxa richness, rising from upstream to urban sprawl and diminishing at peri-urban downstream sites. The study underscores the potential of citizen science-BioBlitz methodologies in advancing community science education and unraveling the intricate dynamics of threatened river ecosystems. The insights offered are invaluable for policymakers and conservationists seeking effective strategies to address challenges in the River Rwizi and comparable ecosystems. .

Data reliability of the emerging citizen science in the Greater Bay Area of China

The potential of citizen science projects in research has been increasingly acknowledged,but the substantial engagement of these projects is restricted by the quality of citizen science data.Based on the largest emerging citizen science project in the country-Birdreport Online Database(BOD),we examined the biases of birdwatching data from the Greater Bay Area of China.The results show that the sampling effort is disparate among land cover types due to contributors’ preference towards urban and suburban areas,indicating the environment suitable for species existence could be underrepresented in the BOD data.We tested the contributors’ skill of species identification via a questionnaire targeting the citizen birders in the Greater Bay Area.The questionnaire show that most citizen birdwatchers could correctly identify the common species widely distributed in Southern China and the less common species with conspicuous morphological characteristics,while failed to identify the species from Alaudidae;Caprimulgidae,Emberizidae,Phylloscopidae,Scolopacidae and Scotocercidae.With a study example,we demonstrate that spatially clustered bird watching visits can cause underestimation of species richness in insufficiently sampled areas;and the result of species richness mapping is sensitive to the contributors’ skill of identifying bird species.Our results address how avian research can be influenced by the reliability of citizen science data in a region of generally high accessibility,and highlight the necessity of pre-analysis scrutiny on data reliability regarding to research aims at all spatial and temporal scales.To improve the data quality,we suggest to equip the data collection frame of BOD with a flexible filter for bird abundance,and questionnaires that collect information related to contributors’ bird identification skill.Statistic modelling approaches are encouraged to apply for correcting the bias of sampling effort.

人口迁移流动与城镇化发展战略任务

本世纪以来,特别是2010年以来,我国人口迁移流动和城镇化表现出的特点是:流动人口数量继续增长,人口流动向东部地区尤其是东南沿海地区转移,人口迁移流动存在“南强北弱”和“北人南迁”趋势,人口城镇化水平继续提高和中西部地区城镇化增长更快,人口更明显地向特大城市和超大城市集聚,带来超大、特大城市数量增加,并在此基础上带动若干核心城市都市圈和城市群发展等。结合人口迁移流动态势,直面我国城镇化发展进程所面临的战略任务,提出应加快推进农业转移人口和流动人口的市民化,在城镇化过程中实现更加平衡的国家发展,以及在不同地区实践多样性和因地制宜的城镇化发展。

农民工市民化影响城乡融合发展的理论阐释与实证分析

将农民工市民化与城乡融合发展纳入统一分析框架,在构建城乡融合发展进程评价指标体系和计算农民工城市融入工资测算农民工市民化程度的基础上,基于2009—2021年省级面板数据,构建双向固定效应模型,实证检验农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的影响。研究发现:推进农民工市民化能够显著促进城乡融合发展;分区域看,农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的促进作用在中西部地区更加明显;通过加快农业现代化、加快农村现代化、促进基本公共服务均等化以及提高新型城镇化质量等作用渠道推进农民工市民化促进城乡融合发展。

体育数据的分类分级保护:概念、问题与路径

体育数据的分类分级保护能够在体育数据极具包容性和繁杂性的概念特点下提升体育数字经济效率、促进体育训练的精准化驱动、推动体育数据最大化流通、精准化保障不同类型的体育数据。基于不同生成主体的划分标准,体育数据主要可以分为运动员数据、公民运动数据、体育企业数据和体育公共数据四大类型。体育数据保护现状主要呈现混杂性特点,导致公民一般运动数据和敏感运动数据的交叉性,以及运动员、公民和公共体育的数据财产权概括化、一体化界定等危害后果。体育数据分类分级保护可以围绕公共利益权衡、敏感内容程度、新型数据财产权等分类标准,并基于一般性和特殊性体育场景关联的重大人身、财产安全危害和风险等分级标准,进行精确化路径构建。

利益、品格还是自成一类:亚里士多德论政治友爱

亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》和《欧德伦理学》中讨论了政治友爱(homonia,或译为“同心”),关于这种友爱在亚里士多德的友爱三分法中所处的位置,学术界存在持续的争论。主要争议在于,这种友爱是利益型友爱、品格型友爱,还是一种不同于三种基本友爱类型的独立类型,或仅仅是好意而非友爱。亚里士多德的文本中有充分的证据表明,政治友爱属于利益型友爱。相反的观点或多或少地误解了亚里士多德对政治友爱的定位。尽管政治友爱被归类为利益型友爱,但这并不妨碍它在政治共同体的塑造中扮演至关重要的角色,也不妨碍在此基础上发展出品格型的友爱。亚里士多德的“政治友爱”观念可以延伸到斯多亚学派的“世界公民”思想,体现了两种思想的延续性及斯多亚学派对亚里士多德思想的发展。

政务短视频对公众参与的差异化影响——基于危机与后危机情境的比较研究

政务短视频已经成为政务公开、政民互动、舆论引导和社会治理的重要工具。研究以2019年12月27日至2023年1月8日国家卫生健康委员会官方抖音账号“健康中国”发布的792条政务短视频为研究对象,以信息处理的启发—系统式模型为理论基础,比较考察危机情境与后危机情境下作为系统式线索的内容类型和视频时长以及作为启发式线索的对话循环、危机沟通策略和标题长度,如何影响基于政务短视频的公众参与行为。结果表明:内容类型方面,危机情境下,相较于对一线应急服务的赞赏类,疫情最新进展类、政府应对举措类、利益相关者指引类均能正向影响被动参与;后危机情境下,上述内容对被动参与和主动参与的影响均不显著。危机沟通策略方面,危机情境下,相较于信息策略,支持策略能够促进被动参与,调适策略对主动参与和被动参与的影响均不显著;后危机情境下,支持策略积极影响被动参与,调适策略会积极影响主动参与。对话循环在危机情境和后危机情境下对主动参与和被动参与的影响均不显著。标题长度在危机情境下会积极影响被动参与和主动参与,在后危机情境下会积极影响主动参与但消极影响被动参与。视频时长在危机情境下会降低被动参与但会促进主动参与,在后危机情境下会促进被动参与。

中国式现代化场域下公民公共精神培育研究:理论分析与实践路径

在以中国式现代化实现中华民族伟大复兴的新征程上,加速推进人的现代化,塑造与之相匹配的现代公民是应有之意。公共精神的培育是人的现代化的核心议题。作为一种公民德性,公共精神是公民在与国家互动过程中,以公民身份意识为前提,以公共生活为生成媒介,基于自我认同与国家认同而形塑的、自觉关心关注共在“他者”的意识。培育公共精神应秉持马克思主义人学“现实的人”的立场,以平衡论作为具体的方法论。立足于中国式现代化的伟大实践,公民公共精神培育应该从宏观和微观两个层面着手。

从“化繁为简”到“繁简相生”:公共安全政民合作治理的过程机制研究——以深圳市B区义警为例

“乌卡时代”,厘清政民合作治理过程机制对于实现公共安全治理向事前预防转型至关重要。既有研究主要侧重于分析政民合作治理的前因条件与合作绩效,却忽视了对中国情境下政民合作治理过程的分析。鉴于此,以合作治理理论为基础,立足政民双主体视角,构建了基于公共安全政民合作治理“合作动机一行为过程一价值共创”的过程机制解释模型。公共安全政民合作治理是政民双方基于各自的合作动机,通过利益互融、资源互补、协调互动、信任互惠、成效助推,最终实现价值共创的循环选代过程。

13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程研究

文章以13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程为研究主线,运用历史分析和文献研究等方法,探究该时期西欧兵击运动演变的历史进程。研究发现,西欧兵击运动经历了军事化、市民化、体育化的3种形态,军事化形态的兵击运动与战争关系紧密,后因火器的出现和文艺复兴、宗教改革的共同推进,兵击由战场下移民间。在工业革命、资产阶级新教育体系的牵引下演变为强调规则、公平竞赛的体育竞技项目。兵击运动不同阶段秉持的理念是推动其完成历史转型的内源动力。在这演变历程中,兵击运动表现出的对人的逐渐尊重为西方体育人文主义价值观奠定了思想基础,广泛吸纳自然科学的成果为现代体育精神注入了科技元素,自发运用规则和组织为西方体育现代转型提供给了制度参考,丰富的技术体系为西方格斗对抗类项目多元化发展提供了技术源泉。

能源法的法权构造及其体系展开

能源法的核心范畴界定较为模糊,亟待澄清。基于能源权利与能源权力的交互性、能源公益与能源私益的均衡性、能源监管与能源市场的协调性等需求考量,法权可作为能源法的核心范畴。能源法法权结构可从本体论、运行论和价值论三个层面予以构造,形成体系化安排。本体论上,应以公民能源权利与国家能源权力的交互为基础,强调公民能源权作为法权结构的逻辑起点、以落脚为能源普遍服务的能源权力作为法权结构的基本保障;运行论上,应以能源合同作为法权结构运行的具体承载;价值论上,应以能源正义作为法权结构价值的最终目的。由此,可仰仗能源法的法权结构构筑能源法学体系。

病原体宏基因检测在器官捐献患者中的应用

目的探讨病原体宏基因组二代测序(metagenomic next-generation sequencing,mNGS)应用于器官捐献者病原微生物的检测,为器官移植后的抗感染药物靶向治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析了武汉大学中南医院于2021年8月至2023年6月142例器官捐献者的临床病例,收集捐献者的血液样本的mNGS检测和病原微生物培养检测结果,对其进行分析比较。结果142例捐献者中98例在mNGS中检测到病原微生物,阳性检出率为69.01%。其中,59例(60.20%)为单纯病毒感染,12例(12.24%)为单纯细菌感染,4例(4.08%)为单纯真菌感染,混合感染23例(23.47%)。共检测出病原微生物173株。其中,病毒125株(72.25%),细菌40株(23.12%),真菌8株(4.62%)。对捐献者血液样本送检mNGS同时送检微生物培养检测,142例捐献者中20例(14.08%)血培养检测到病原微生物,共检测出21株病原微生物,其中20例(95.24%)为细菌,1例(4.76%)为真菌。器官保存液中培养出病原微生物2例(1.40%)。结论mNGS对病原微生物的检出率高于微生物血培养检测。mNGS检测和血培养病原微生物检测在细菌的诊断上差异不明显,而在检测真菌及病毒阳性时有统计学意义,且mNGS检测比血培养病原微生物检测能大幅度缩短检验时长。

县域城镇化背景下进城陪读老年人的市民化

城镇化的快速发展,使得大量农村人口流向城市,加速了城镇空间的扩张。连接都市与乡村的县城是农村人口实践城镇化的重要场域。教育在中西部地区城镇化中发挥中介作用,地方政府借助教育加速县域城镇化;农民以追求优质教育资源实践教育城镇化。县域城镇化重塑农村家庭结构、家庭规模及家庭分工,缺少社会资本、权利资本与资源积累的农村家庭必须以代际合力的方式实践教育城镇化。在经济理性的驱动下,农牧民家庭选择老人陪读,以保证家庭再生产与教育流动,老人被裹挟进城镇化潮流。走到生命历程后期的老人,社会角色、权利职责、价值观念及身份认同因陪读发生转变。

我国老年群体数字素养影响因素与提升路径

文章采用扎根理论,通过半结构化访谈收集20名老人数据,利用Nvivo11三级编码技术构建老年群体数字素养影响因素理论模型,分析各项主范畴对老年群体数字素养的内在关联和作用路径。研究发现:老年群体数字素养受主观意识、使用经验、社会交往、统计学特征、数字化支持和数字生态等因素影响;可以通过数字知识技能和数字态度共同作用,从内生驱动和外部推拉两个维度提升老年群体数字素养。

论超大特大城市城中村改造目标转型:面向中国式现代化和新二元结构治理

贯彻落实国务院办公厅有关文件中关于“将城中村改造与保障性住房建设相结合”的精神,构建包容性城中村改造的4.0模式,为新市民提供可支付健康住房,推动公共服务均等化和人力资本积累,破解新二元结构,实现新型城镇化的高质量发展,进而为新时期新型工业化提供丰裕的人力资本和高品质的空间支撑,最终为实现中国式现代化奠定坚实基础。

搜索引擎、人工智能与行政负担

学习成本是行政负担的重要维度之一,但是相关研究并不多。搜索引擎是公民找政府办事的主要入口之一,本文聚焦搜索引擎如何影响政民互动中的学习成本。研究显示,商业开发和政府提供的搜索引擎服务降低了公民与政府打交道的学习成本,但是也因为设计缺陷和过度商业化而增加行政负担。进一步的分析发现,随着以大语言模型为代表的生成式人工智能在搜索引擎中的深度应用,政民互动的学习成本会持续降低,并会带来合规成本和心理成本的下降。本文讨论了新一代人工智能技术对行政负担,特别是学习成本的潜在影响,并提出了对策建议和未来研究方向。

论传染病防治中公民的协助调查行为

传染病防治中的行政调查具有启动标准比较低、强制性明显以及需要公民的密切合作等特殊性。据此,公民需要完成按要求上报相关信息、接受行政检查以及发现问题后主动上报等协助调查行为。然而,该协助行为的客观边界应当为传染病防治所必须、受法律的明确规范以及不能豁免行政机关的调查职责。同时,公民在协助过程中也应当享有知情权、免受非法侵犯权、获得补偿和奖励权以及获得救助权等权利。