The Three Principles of Institutional Safeguards for Women's Participation in Legislation in China

The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women’s rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship identity theory as responsibilities,”proposes the“citizenship identity theory as subjectivity.”Observing the current practice of women’s participation in legislation in China,two institutional safeguard principles can be summarized:the“minimum proportion”and the“influence evaluation.”However,each of these principles has its inherent limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to supplement them with the principle of“subjective participation”in a reflective manner.This principle requires women to participate substantively in the legislative process as subjects,express women’s needs and demands,input women’s perspectives and experiences,and reconstruct the distribution of rights and responsibilities in the existing legislation.The three principles complement each other and work together to comprehensively constitute the institutional structure of women’s participation in legislation,thereby promoting the reproduction of corresponding action structures.

Analysis of Citizen Participation in Urban Planning of Comala,Colima,Mexico-A Secondary Publication

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of citizen participation in urban planning processes in the municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico to have a broader vision of the citizens and the environment in which they live.An instrument was designed specifically to perform this study and the instrument was validated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha.The results showed that citizens were highly involved in issues concerning their urban environment,and the main problems of the public spaces were also identified.

An Empirical Study on Hainan Citizens'Participation in Urban Community Governance under the Background of Free Trade Port Construction

Hainan is in the period of high-speed development and transformation of government management.To build a free trade port with Chinese characteristics requires a modern social governance system that confirms to the trend of the times,and community governance is important part of whole social governance system.Citizens'cooperative participation in grass-roots community governance has the functions of creating a good living environment,reducing social conflicts,improving residents'sense of well-being and attracting all kinds of talents.Based on the perspective of multi cooperative social governance,this paper empirically investigates the current situation of Hainan urban resident's participation in community governance,explores the reasons for the lack of citizen participation in community governance,and puts forward suggestions for improving citizen participation in community governance.

Social Networks and Citizen Participation in the Collaborative Community Policing ——A Case Study of S Community in Beijing

It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is necessary to pinpoint the pattern of interactions among key actors involved in community policing and improve the effectiveness of network governance. Based on 234 surveys of citizens of S Community in Beijing from April 2017 to May 2017, this paper empirically examines the characteristics of formal network and informal network of citizen participation in the collaborative community policing. Beijing is widely known for its active involvement of neighborhood volunteers in different types of community policing. We focused on four different types of interpersonal work relationships in this study： workflow, problem solving, mentoring and friendship, among resident committees, neighborhood administrative offices, media, police station, business security personnel, neighborhood volunteers, and security activists. The nature of relationships between individuals in networks can be treated as from instrumental ties to expressive ties. Expressive ties cover relationships that involve the exchange of friendship, trust, and socio-emotional support. We extended this intra-organizational insight into a community policing inter-organizational context. The collaborative network showed the trend of the distributed network. The clustering analysis showed that in the workflow network, we should make thll use of the close interaction between the citizens and activists in the community. Meanwhile, in the problem-solving network, mentoring network and friendship network, interactions between citizens and neighborhood committee are weak.

Computer support system for residential environment evaluation for citizen participation

Though the method of citizen participation in urban planning is quite well established, for a specific segment of residential environment, however, existing participation system has not coped adequately with the issue. The specific residential environment has detailed aspects that need positive and high level involvement of the citizens in participating in all stages and every field of the plan. One of the best and systematic methods to obtain a more involved citizen is through a citizen workshop. To get a more “educated” citizen who participates in the workshop, a special session to inform the citizen on what was previously gathered through a survey was revealed to be prerequisite before the workshop. The computer support system is one of the best tools for this purpose. This paper describes the development of the computer support system for residential environment evaluation system, which is an essential tool to give more information to the citizens before their participation in public workshop. The significant contribution of this paper is the educational system framework involved in the workshop on the public participation system through computer support, especially for residential environment. The framework, development and application of the computer support system are described. The application of a workshop on the computer support system was commented on as very valuable and helpful by the audience as it resulted in greater benefit to have wider range of participation, and deeper level of citizen understanding.

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development,a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust,has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models.However,the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate.On the one hand,differing from traditional economic developmental models,economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development'.On the other hand,current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development.Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries.Lastly,instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies,it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development'.

The Analysis of Volunteer Service in Increasing Citizen Participation

Many scholars have gradually realized that volunteer service can not only manifest the social value,but also become an effective way to enlarge citizen participation.Mainly from the aspects of the rationality of the increasing of citizen participation in volunteer service,this paper analyses the significance of volunteer service in the modernization transformation of China and puts forward some suggestions for the development of China' s volunteer service in the future.

Participation and Communication in the Time of Social Media:A Chimera or an Opportunity

Communication and participation immediately present themselves as a combination capable of developing mutual symbiosis and reinforcement.However,it would be superficial to deduce that the ease of communicating through social media has solved the problem of participation.Instead,it is necessary to start from the awareness of the problems of this binomial in order to attempt to follow virtuous paths and avoid blind alleys.The paper presents the research/action carried out in several civic participation experiences,both real and virtual,promoted by NGOs and the local public administrations of several Italian cities(Verona,Messina,Bolzano,and Rome).The results highlight the opportunities and problems of participation through social media.Specifically,those opportunities are:(1)the possibility of involving a larger number of people who could not participate without social media;(2)the sharing not only of the results of the participation but also the processes behind the participation allows for an active protagonism of the people;and(3)the care of the real and virtual places of participation facilitates the active involvement of people.On the other hand,the problems are:(1)the lack of awareness of online media space generates a redundancy in communication;(2)the difficulty of emerging in the online public media space causes disaffection and disinterest;and(3)the scarce capability to be producers of online media content generates a fake participation.

How Do People Understand Urban Air Pollution? Exploring Citizens’ Perception on Air Quality, Its Causes and Impacts in Colombian Cities

Similarly to other Latin American countries, urban air quality is a major concern in Colombia. The purpose of the present study was to explore citizens’ perception on local air pollution, its causes and impacts. A questionnaire was individually applied to a sample of 994 participants. Relationships between demographic features and the perception on air quality were analyzed using a logistic regression, its odds ratio (OR), and a Chi-square test. Eighty percent of the respondents perceive their local air quality as either bad or fair, 65% recognize particulate matter as the main local air pollutant, and 90% recognize negative impacts on people’s health as the main consequence of air pollution. In contrast to other studies where age and economic status are variables highly related with public perception on the level of atmospheric pollution, in this study only the size of the cities has a statistically significant relationship with the perception on local air quality regarding the level of pollution(OR ≥ 1, confidence intervals > 1 and p-values < 0.05). While area sources such as mining and infrastructure construction are identified as the main sources of pollutant emissions in small towns (less than 50,000 inhabitants), in big cities, road traffic is identified as the main source contributor to atmospheric pollution. Opposite to data from official reports, and regardless of the size of the city, households are perceived as the place with greatest contribution to personal air pollution exposure. Results show that citizens are aware of the state of air quality and its health impact is a major concern. Such findings suggest people’s opinions can be used as provisional indicators in cities without data, as well as to monitor the results of local air quality management. As a complementary process, or at the same level of importance given to technical-based policy, citizen participation can contribute to a collective construction of urban air pollution control strategies.

Experiments with a University e-Participation Platform

Currently, the ICT put at our disposal is increasingly more powerful tools that can help increase citizen participation, transparency, and legitimacy in decision-making. We understand that these participation tools can break down into a set of tasks. In this dissertation, we review some of these tasks and how we can integrate them into a series of processes in public higher education institutions. By establishing the tasks, we can set up an online architecture for electronic participation and support for decision-making within the university community. One of the consolidated database architectures we have used for this study is MyUniversity-URJC. This proposal is achievable by utilizing the Universities’ technological infrastructure and, mainly, the digital culture of its users.

美国“Citizen Archivist”项目研究:驱动因素、业务内容、启示借鉴

通过对美国"CitizenArchivist"项目进行研究,为我国档案事业发展提供借鉴与参考视角。概述了美国"Citizen Archivist"项目开展情况,认为传统支撑、政策鼓励、技术驱动、思维拓展是项目开展的主要驱动因素,以信息链视角分析了项目"公民档案保管员"的主要工作内容,认为工作内容实现了信息形态从低级到高级的演变。对我国档案事业发展有4个方面启示:推动档案意识的再启蒙与觉醒,推进档案整理与利用社会化,激发个体档案记录行为,利用公益化机构推动档案整理模式革新。

Designing a Citizen Science Project for Forest Landscapes: A Case from Hofmann Forest in Eastern North Carolina

Citizen science is a participatory research design that utilizes both non-professional researchers and professional researchers to collect, analyze, and disperse data. Citizen scientists seek to discover answers and draw solutions to scientific questions. The Hofmann Open Water Laboratory (HOWL) project, established in 2016, focuses its collaborative-based efforts in eastern North Carolina. HOWL citizen scientists monitor water quality, and quantity, that flows on and off the Hofmann Forest. HOWL provides opportunities to citizen scientists and gathers data to meet the project outcomes, which include understanding the importance of Hofmann Forest in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina, building science education skills for citizen science participants, and enhancing community relationships between the forest and citizens. This article outlines several approaches for developing citizen science projects in a forest context, drawing on experiences from HOWL. The paradigm can be used to meet the needs of any forest landscape’s research and management goals, while employing a participatory research approach. The guidelines present suggestions for productive and enduring processes for citizen engagement and project sustainability. Each project will need participants to set goals, build a diverse collaboration, and establish on-going evaluation processes to determine successful and failed components that ensures the project moves forward effectively. The citizen science efforts near the Hofmann Forest in Eastern North Carolina provided an excellent case study of the development of citizen science on the forest and adjacent lands. HOWL attempts to meet participant and socio-ecological outcomes, such as encouraging public action in natural resource and forest management, as well as enhancing scientific knowledge and skills. The project helps synthesize our experiences in this effort and the social science literature, providing reasonable guidelines for those seeking to establish their own citizen science efforts within a forest context.

和谐共生理念在动物保护立法中的实践——兼论中日动物保护的交流与互鉴

日本于19世纪20年代初开始进行系统性的动物保护立法,二战后,经过一系列法律修改与调整,形成了健全完备的动物保护立法体系。日本动物保护法律体系化呈现因时因事而制的法治动因、和谐共生原则的法治宗旨、系统监管机制的法治效力以及多元协同参与的法治效能的特点,对于我国各类动物保护立法具有一定的借鉴意义。质言之,我国尚未制定以尊重动物生命为目的的动物保护法律,现行动物保护法律法规面临着法律体系不健全、和谐共生理念不足、多元参与体系不完善等困境。鉴于此,借鉴日本动物保护立法的有益经验,立足我国国情,未来应从健全动物保护法律体系、动物保护立法目的彰显人与动物和谐共生理念、完善多元参与体系以及加强国家交流与合作等方面着手,希冀为我国完善动物保护法治有所助益。

城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿和能力研究——以西安城市居民为例

依据2022年针对西安城市居民的相关调查,采用相关分析和回归分析探讨城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿与能力的影响因素,将参与认知作为其中的中介变量,并从中探求加强城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿和能力的路径。结果表明:内部因素和外部因素对城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿与能力同样具有影响;参与认知在内外部因素影响公民参与意愿与能力的路径中起到部分中介作用。

共建共治共享视域下不同智能程度聊天机器人的效果评估

党的二十大报告强调要建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。新一代人工智能迅猛发展使得社会治理智能化受到高度关注。通过智能技术赋能,提升政府公共服务、社会治理的数字化智能化水平的重要场景之一是采用智能聊天机器人为公众拓展参与途径、助力社会治理共同体提供可能。基于此,本文从相关理论基础和实践应用出发,明确智能技术应用所体现出的智能性的内涵,通过调查实验法设计被试间实验,从实证角度出发分析智能性对于公众在线参与的影响,对实践应用场景中如何实施智能技术提供对策建议。

公众科学在天文学领域的历史、应用现状与未来

公众科学在天文学领域拥有深厚的历史底蕴和广泛的群众基础,它为天文学应对新时代的挑战提供了强有力的解决工具,对天文学的发展具有重要意义。本文旨在通过系统综述公众科学在天文学领域的历史演进、应用现状以及挑战与趋势,为公众科学在天文学领域的发展提供有价值的参考,促进天文公众科学的多元化与公众参与度的提升。本文首先通过文献研究梳理了公众科学在天文学领域的历史演进过程。其次,运用统计方法,分析了公众科学在天文学领域的应用现状,包括发展趋势、地区分布、研究主题以及项目模式等。再次,综合公众科学应用现状和文献研究,分析和总结了公众科学面临的挑战与未来趋势,提出了应从政策层面推动公众科学发展,并借助国际合作和开放科学浪潮,进一步发挥公众科学对科学发展与创新的促进作用。

基于公众科学的城市绿地生物多样性研究进展

城市绿地的生物多样性对城市生态环境具有重要价值,利用公众科学进行相关研究具有独特优势,但基于公众科学的城市绿地生物多样性研究尚未得到系统性回顾。文章通过CiteSpace软件对中国知网和Web of Science数据库中2004—2023年的文献进行系统性筛选和分析,结果发现:近20年来公众科学在城市绿地生物多样性研究中呈增长趋势,尤其在近5年关注度急剧上升;现有的公众科学项目以美国居多,如iNaturalist和ebird;论文发表数量在美国、英国、澳大利亚等国家较为集中,而亚洲和非洲地区的国家在发表频次上与欧美国家存在一定差距;研究内容聚焦于物种监测、生境改造、生态教育等;公众科学与技术手段如大数据和人工智能的结合提高了数据分析的科学性、准确性。未来研究应着力提高公众科学素养,深化大数据应用,并强调跨学科合作,推动生物多样性保护和研究的持续发展。

社区数字治理:提高决策效率和公民参与度

社区治理作为国家治理体系的基本单元,在推进国家治理能力现代化进程中具有重要作用。数字技术为社区治理提供丰富的方式与手段,数字技术与社区治理的融合是社区治理模式的重大转变。本文首先阐释决策效率、公众参与的概念,厘清社区数字治理中的社区主体责任,为社区数字治理奠定理论基础,然后分析目前社区治理中决策效率和公民参与度现状与存在的问题,最后从丰富社区治理数字技术应用途径等维度探讨提高社区数字治理决策效率和公民参与度的策略。

找回“公民的激情”:公众参与的理性后果与情感转向

公众参与的积极性体现了社会的进步。然而社会成员仅以个体理性的思维介入公共事务,公众参与也可能难以达到理想效果,甚至会产生一系列负面效应。公众参与的理性后果主要包括事前参与的失语和失序,事中参与的形式化和破坏性,事后参与的消极化和短期性。作为一种强调“公民性”的道德情感,公民的激情能够有效激发公众参与的积极性、维护公众参与的基本秩序,对超越个体理性的后果、升华个体理性具有重要作用。要想在公众参与中激活公民的激情,需要在三个方面创造相关条件,包括结构性条件、情境性条件和认知性条件。

国家治理现代化背景下地方立法公众参与研究

在国家治理现代化的进程中,地方立法公众参与具有重要作用,可以促进地方立法的民主化、透明化和公正化。加强地方立法的公众参与,是实现地方立法现代化、推动社会发展的关键步骤,也是国家治理现代化中民主化、创新化、信息化、制度化的重要要求。现行地方立法公众参与机制的问题在于系统化的信息公开体制不完善,公众参与立法的动力机制不强,公众参与的方式和途径不健全,公众参与的意见反馈渠道不畅。据此,地方立法公众参与应当提升社会化参与水平,促进多元框架下主体协商,优化信息公开的程序,构建长效的参与机制。