The Mechanism of Sol-Gel Synthesis of Normal Spinel LiMn_2O_4 with Chelation of Citric Acid

The sol-gel process of citric acid chelating with metal cations for the synthesis of normal spinel LiMn 2O 4 and the reaction mechanism were investigated by means of XRD,IR,TG-DTA, and SEM.The results show that at the beginning lithium citrate and chelate compound of citric acid with manganese ions formed,and then with heating the esterification and condensation reactions occured between them and glycol.The products obtained are polymers in which metal cations are distributed homogeneously on atomic scale that ensure high reactivity to cations of Li + and Mn 2+.Firing the gel prepared by this process,the lattice diffusions of solid reactant ions caused by non-homogeneity of reactants are eliminated and avoided.At 400℃ phase-pure LiMn 2O 4 with nanometer scale crystallization having precise stoichiometry and perfect crystallization can be obtained.The model of chelate coordinate of double-molecule between citric acid and Mn 2+ in the gel network is proposed.It is important for explaining the dispersion state of Mn 2+ and the formation process of gel by this model.

Participation of H_2O_2 in Enhancement of Cold Chilling by Salicylic Acid in Banana Seedlings

The possible physiological mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance by salicylic acid (SA) in banana seedlings ( Musa acuminata cv. Williams 8188) was explored. Measurements of leakage electrolyte after 2 d of recovery at 30/22 ℃ (day/night) following 3 d of cold stress at 7 ℃ showed that pretreatment with hydroponic solution containing SA 0.3-0.9 mmol/L as foliar spray under normal growth conditions (30/22 ℃) could significantly enhance cold tolerance of banana plants. The highest enhancing effect of SA occurred at 0.5 mmol/L and it showed the lowest leakage rate of electrolyte or smaller leaf wilting area after 2 d of recovery at normal temperature from 3 d of 7 ℃ or 5 ℃ cold stress. Higher concentrations (≥2.5 mmol/L) of SA, however, caused more electrolyte leakage, indicating that they aggravated chilling damage. Enhanced cold tolerance by SA could be related to H 2O 2 metabolism. Compared with water_treated seedlings (control), SA 0.5 mmol/L treatment inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased peroxidase (POX) activity, but did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under normal growth conditions, and these changes might lead to an accumulation of H 2O 2, whereas SA pretreatment enhanced the activities of CAT and APX, and reduced the increase in productions of H 2O 2 and thiobarbituric acid_reaction substances (TBARS) during subsequent 7 ℃ cold stress and recovery periods. Exogenous H 2O 2 treatments (1.5 -2.5 mmol/L) also increased cold tolerance of banana seedlings. Furthermore, pretreatment of banana seedlings with dimethylthiourea (a trap for H 2O 2) significantly inhibited cold tolerance induced by SA. These results suggested that endogenous H 2O 2 may be required for SA_enhanced cold tolerance. The significance of the interaction of SA, H 2O 2 and H 2O 2_metabolizing enzymes during cold stress has been discussed.

Comparison of the Effects of H_2O_2 and Salicylic Acid on Alternative Respiratory Pathway in Aged Potato Tuber Slices

The influences of exogenous H 2O 2 and salicylic acid (SA) treatments on the alternative respiratory pathway (ARP) in aged potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber slices were compared. The results showed that both H 2O 2(5.0 mmol/L) and SA (0.1 mmol/L) treatments had a significant inducing effect on ARP capacity (V alt ) and its ratio to total respiration (V alt /V t) in potato slices aged for 24 h. With a monoclonal antibody against the alternative oxidase (AOX), Western blotting results showed that both H 2O 2 and SA treatments increased the AOX expression levels in aged potato tuber slices. However, the results of oxygen isotope discrimination experiments showed that H 2O 2 had no influence on the in vivo ARP activity (ρV alt ) and its contribution to V t(expressed as ρV alt /V t) in potato slices aged for 24 h, but SA had a significant influence on the ρV alt and ρV alt /V t values of the aged potato tuber slices. These results indicate that there are differences between the effects of H 2O 2 and SA on ARP in plant tissues. Both of them possess the ability to induce ARP capacity through inducing AOX expression. However, SA can simultaneously stimulate the operation of ARP, but H 2O 2 can not.

Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H_2O_2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.

Preparation and phase change performance of Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O@poly(lactic acid) capsules for thermal energy storage

Micro-encapsulated phase-change materials(micro PCMs) with Na_2 HPO_4·12 H_2 O encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) shell were prepared by a solvent evaporation–precipitation method that involves the use of a coaxial needle. The effects of PLA concentration, stirring speed, injection rate of core and shell solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) concentration on phase change properties were investigated. The thermal properties of microP CMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The capsules prepared under the optimal conditions are about 2 mm in diameter and show a latent heat of up to 122.2 J·g^(-1).

与HEp-2细胞粘附现象相关的大肠杆菌O157基因的发现

将产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株97094培养于含有不同质量浓度的萘啶酮酸(nalidixicacid,NA)的麦康凯(MacConkey)琼脂平板上,获得对NA有抗性的菌株。用含有自杀性质粒pRT733的供体菌SM10λpir(携带转座子TnphoA)和抗萘啶酮酸的97094菌株做接合试验,使转座子TnphoA转入受体菌97094,经过约200个接合试验,有503个菌株在含有Km、NA、XP的LB琼脂平板上形成蓝色菌落,说明在这些菌株中形成了phoA融合基因,并能表达phoA基因。在这503个Kmr,NAr变异体中,有6株完全失去了对HEp-2细胞的局灶型粘附(localadherence,LA)现象。对构建的6株大肠杆菌O157TnphoA变异体,克隆TnphoA及其两侧的大肠杆菌O157DNA序列,用根据TnphoA融合接点处的phoA的DNA序列设计合成的寡核苷酸引物,对各克隆中TnphoA上游的大肠杆菌O157的DNA片段部分进行测序,测序结果做BLAST搜索,发现有4个变异体的TnphoA插入到已知的大肠杆菌O157紧密素基因eae中,有2个变异体的TnphoA分别插入到eae之外的核苷酸序列中,分别插入到一个功能未知的菌毛分子伴侣基因和一个功能未知的Z4182基因的上游。这项研究表明,除紧密素外,大肠杆菌O157尚有其他因子参与对真核细胞的粘附。

Phosphorous and selenium tuning Co-based non-precious catalysts for electrosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2)in acidic media

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)is an on-site method that enables independent distribution applications in many fields due to its small-scale and sustainable features.The crucial point remains developing highly active,selective and cost-effective electrocatalysts.The electrosynthesis of H2O2 in acidic media is more practical owing to its stability and no need for further purification.We herein report a phosphorus and selenium tuning Co-based non-precious catalyst(CoPSe)toward two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e–ORR)to produce H2O2 in acidic media.The starting point of using both P and Se is finding a balance between strong ORR activity of CoSe and weak activity of CoP.The results demonstrated that the CoPSe catalyst exhibited the optimized 2e–ORR activity compared with CoP and CoSe.It disclosed an onset potential of 0.68 V and the H2O2 selectivity 76%-85%in a wide potential range(0–0.5 V).Notably,the CoPSe catalyst overcomes a significant challenge of a narrow-range selectivity for transitionmetal based 2e–ORR catalysts.Finally,combining with electro-Fenton reaction,an on-site system was constructed for efficient degradation of organic pollutants.This work provides a promising non-precious Co-based electrocatalyst for the electrosynthesis of H2O2 in acidic media.

柠檬酸浸渍改性H-β沸石对2-(4＇-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸脱水合成2-乙基蒽醌反应的催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了柠檬酸改性的H-β沸石催化剂,采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光、红外光谱、核磁共振和程序升温脱附方法对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂对2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸(EBA)脱水合成2-乙基蒽醌(EAQ)反应的催化性能.结果表明,经柠檬酸改性没有破坏H-β沸石的骨架结构,但其酸量明显减少.柠檬酸浸渍改性后未经水洗的催化剂上有较多的非骨架铝及柠檬酸残留;水洗至中性的催化剂在EBA脱水合成EAQ反应中有较好的催化性能,EBA转化率可高达96.5%,EAQ选择性可高达96.0%.

柠檬酸改性的H-Beta上2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸的脱水反应(英文)

以改性的H-beta沸石分子筛为催化剂,代替传统的浓硫酸或发烟硫酸催化剂,使2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸脱水闭环生成2-乙基蒽醌是一条清洁生产路线.其中柠檬酸改性的H-beta催化剂表现出很好的催化性能,可以明显降低反应温度,缩短反应时间.在柠檬酸改性的H-beta催化剂上,当反应温度为529 K,反应时间为60 min时,2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸的转化率为99.5%,2-乙基蒽醌的选择性可达97.2%;而在未经柠檬酸改性的H-beta催化剂上,当反应温度为550 K,反应时间为60 min时,2-(4′-乙基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸的转化率只有81.6%,2-乙基蒽醌的选择性为96.4%.

柠檬酸对Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,以柠檬酸(CA)为络合剂采用浸渍法制备了Ni2P负载的TiO2-Al2O3复合载体催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积测定、H2程序升温氢还原(H2-TPR)、程序升温氧化(TPO)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征,考察了CA/Ni摩尔比对在Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上进行的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响.结果表明:适量的CA可以丰富催化剂的孔道,提高催化剂的比表面积.当n(CA)/n(Ni)=2:1时,催化剂的比表面积达到126.75m2·g-1,与不加CA时相比,提高了57.05m2·g-1.调节n(CA)/n(Ni)能够改善活性相的分布,改变活性相的种类;引入CA使Ni和P前驱体的还原温度明显降低,促进活性相Ni2P的生成,一定程度上能够抑制催化剂表面炭的形成和沉积,提高其稳定性.n(CA)/n(Ni)=2:1时,催化剂具有最好的加氢脱硫活性,在360°C,3.0MPa,氢油比为500(V/V),液时体积空速为2.0h-1的条件下,二苯并噻吩转化率为99.5%,可将模拟油中硫含量由2%(w)降低到0.01%(w).

苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的合成

在乙醇钠催化下邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯缩合后,经水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸,收率为62%。邻硝基苯乙酸再经硫化铵还原、重氮化反应、水解得到苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮。考察了重氮化反应时间和水解温度对反应的影响,适宜的重氮化反应时间为30 m in,适宜的水解温度135℃,在此条件下苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的收率为51%。两步总收率为32%。

Protective effects of non-mitogenic human acidic fibroblast growth factor on hydrogen peroxide-induced damage to cardiomyocytes in vitro

AIM： To study the protective effect of non-mitogenic human acidic fibroblast growth factor （FGF） on cardiac oxidative injury in vivo. METHODS： Ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from 1- to 3-d-old neonatal SD mice and cultured in Dulbecco＇s minimum essential medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum under an atmosphere of 50 mL/L CO2-95% air at 37℃, as well as assessed by immunooltochemical assay. We constructed the cardiomyoolte injury model by exposure to a certain concentration of H2O2. Cellular viability, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, leakage of maleic dialdehyde and anti-apoptosis effect were included to evaluate the cardiac protective effect of non-mitogenic human acidic FGF. RESULTS： Over 50% of the cardiomyocytes beat spontaneously on the 2nd d of culture and synchronously beat after being cultured for 3 d. Forty-eight hours after plating was completed, the purity of such cultures was 95% myocytes, assessed by an immunocytochemical assay. Cellular viability dramatically decreased with the increasing of the concentration of H2O2. Non-mitogenic human acidic FGF showed significant resistance to thetoxic effect of H2O2, significantly increased the cellular viability as well as the activity of SOD, and dramatically decreased the leakage of maleic dialdehyde as well as the cellular apoptosis rate. CONCLUSION： Hydrogen peroxide shows strong cytotoxicity to the cultured cardiac myocytes, and non-mitogenic human acidic FGF shows strong cardio-protective effect when exposed to a certain concentration of H2O2.

Surface Modification of Polyglycolic Acid Fibers by Hydrogen Peroxide for Enhancing Hydrophilicity and Cytocompatibility

Hydrogen peroxide( H_2O_2) is applied for surface modification of polyglycolic acid( PGA) fibers in order to enhance the hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility of PGA fibers effectively,and maintain the breaking strength as the same time. PGA fibers are dipped in H_2O_2 solution a certain time for modification. Scanning electron microscopy( SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of PGA fibers before and after modification. The varying of PGA macromolecule was examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) analyses. X-ray diffraction( XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) analysis showed that crystallinity slightly decreases. Mechanical performance test showed tensile force of modified PGA fiber was increased. The water contact angle test indicated the improving of hydrophilic. A cell proliferation assay showed that fibroblast cells attach and proliferate well on the fibers, which meant the modified fibers possess good cytocompatibility. These results suggest that H_2O_2 surface modification is easy to operate and a advantageous modification method for PGA fibers.

A novel wet-chemical method for preparation of silver flakes

A novel wet-chemical method for the preparation of silver flakes was studied. The well-defined particles were prepared by directly adding FeSO4 solution into AgNO3 solution containing citric acid at an agitation speed of 150 r/min at room temperature. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that particles are irregular thin silver flakes. And the sizes of them range from 2 to 10 μm. It is found that citric acid plays an important role in the formation of sliver flakes. There is an optimum amount of citric acid for the preparation of silver flakes by this method. It is also found that high reduction rate is favorable for the formation of silver flakes.

二氧化硅负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成2-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑

以肉桂酸和邻苯二胺为原料,SiO_2负载钨磷杂多酸为催化剂,合成了2-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑。采用正交实验法考察了各因素对反应的影响。结果表明,当肉桂酸(5.92 g)与邻苯二胺(4.96 g)的摩尔比为1:1.05,SiO_2负载钨磷杂多酸催化剂负载量质量分数为15%,催化剂用量为1.2 g,反应时间为9 h 时,2-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑的收率可达86.8%。

Systemic induction of H_(2)O_(2) in pea seedlings pretreated by wounding and exogenous jasmonic acid

Pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) were used as materials to test the timings and compartments of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggered by wounding and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA). The results showed that H2O2 could be systemically induced by wounding and exogenous JA. H2O2 increased within 1 h and reached the peak 3―5 h after wounding in either the wounded leaves or the unwounded leaves adjacent to the wounded ones and the inferior leaves far from the wounded ones. After this, H2O2 decreased and recovered to the control level 12 h after wounding. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, however, were rapidly increased by wounding. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, could significantly inhibit H2O2 burst that was mediated by wounding and exogenous JA. Assay of H2O2 subcellular location showed that H2O2 in response to wounding and exogenous JA was predominantly accumulated in plasma membrane, cell wall and apoplasmic space. Numerous JA (gold particles) was found via immu- nogold electron microscopy to be located in cell wall and phloem zones of mesophyll cell after wounding.

Structure properties and sintering densification of Gd_2Zr_2O_7 nanoparticles prepared via different acid combustion methods

Gadolinium zirconate（Gd2Zr2O7） nanocrystals were prepared via two different combustion methods： citric acid combustion（CAC） and stearic acid combustion（SAC）. The effects of the different preparation methods on the phase composition, microtopography, and sintering densification of the resulting Gd2Zr2O7 nanopowders were investigated by thermal-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） techniques. The results indicated that both methods could produce Gd2Zr2O7 nanopowders with an excellent defective fluorite structure. The reaction time was reduced by the SAC method, compared with the CAC method. The nanopowders synthesized by the two methods were different in grain size distribution. The resulting nanoparticle diameter was about 50 nm for CAC and 10 nm for SAC. After vacuum sintering, the sintered bodies also had a different relative density of about 93% and 98%, respectively. Thus the preparation of Gd2Zr2O7 nanopowders by SAC was the first choice to achieve the desired sintering densification.

Facile synthesis of enzyme functional metal-organic framework for colorimetric detecting H_2O_2 and ascorbic acid

In this work,a metal-organic frameworks material MIL-88 was prepared easily using solvent-thermal method,and was first found to have catalytic activities similar to those of biological enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase.The material was characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,FT-IR techniques and an N2 adsorption method.It exhibited peroxidase-like activity through catalytic oxidation of the peroxidase substrate 3,3＇,5,5＇-tetramethylbenzidine（TMB） in the presence of H2O2,producing a blue-colored solution.Under optimal conditions,the absorbance at 652 nm is linearly correlated with the concentration of H2O2 from 2.0×10^-6 mol/L to 2.03×10^-5 mol/L（R-2=0.981） with a detection limit of 5.62×10^-7 mol/L（S/N=3）.More importantly,a sensitive and selective method for ascorbic acid detection was developed using this material as a catalyst.The analytical method for ascorbic acid detection was observed to have a linear range from 2.57×10^-6 mol/L to 1.01×10^-5 mol/L（R-2=0.989） with a detection limit of 1.03×10^-6 mol/L（S/N=3）.This work suggests MOFs have advantages of preparing biomimetic catalysts and extends applications of the functional MOFs in the field of biosensor.

H酸偶氮类试剂的合成及其与铜(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究和应用

以H酸-钠盐为主要反应物，在其基本骨架上链接邻-氨基酚，制备了新偶氮类试剂7-（邻羟基苯偶氮）-8-羟基-t-氨基。3，6-萘二磺酸（HAN）。采用红外、紫外可见和元素分析方法对HAN进行了测试分析，确定了其组成和结构。研究了该试剂与铜（Ⅱ）的显色反应，在优化实验条件的基础上，建立了一种测定微量铜的新方法。在pH5．0的乙酸-乙酸钠（HAc-NaAc）缓冲体系中，Cu（Ⅱ）和HAN反应生成配合比为1：2的紫红色配合物，在其最大吸收波长523nm处的摩尔吸光系数（ε）为2．8×10^5L·mol^-1·cm^-1。Cu（Ⅱ）量在4～50μg／25mL范围内服从比尔定律，相关系数为0．9987。该方法具有灵敏度高、操作简便和显色速度快等优点。检验了30余种常见离子对显色反应的干扰情况，结果表明，该方法具有较好的选择性。在不经分离的情况下将该法应用于合金标样和鸡肝脏中微量铜的测定，结果满意。