Local failure mechanism of sand-blocking fence in latticed dune along desert roads

The latticed dunes in the Tengger Desert are widely distributed,and the sand-blocking fence placed here are highly susceptible to local failure due to complex wind-sand activities,posing a serious threat to the safe operation of the highway.To explore the local failure mechanism of sand-blocking fence in the latticed dune area,the local failure of sand-blocking fence in the latticed dune areas along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway in China was observed.Taking the first main ridge of the latticed dune as the placement location,the structure of the wind-sand flow field of sand-blocking fence placed at top,the bottom and the middle of windward slope was analyzed by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).The results show that when placed at top of the first main ridge,the wind speed near the sand-blocking fence is the highest,up to 15.23 m/s.Therefore,the wind load strength on the sand barrier is correspondingly larger,up to 232.61 N∙m-2.As the strength of material continues to decrease,the nylon net is prone to breakage.The roots of the angle steel posts are susceptible to hollowing by vortex action,which can cause sand-blocking fence to fall over in strong wind conditions.When placed at the bottom of windward slope,wind speed drop near sand-blocking fence is greatest,with the decrease of 12.48-14.32 m/s compared to the original wind speed.This is highly likely to lead to large-scale deposition of sand particles and burial of the sand-blocking fence.When placed in the middle of windward slope,sand-blocking fence is subjected to less wind load strength(168.61N∙m-2)and sand particles are mostly deposited at the bottom of windward slope,with only a small amount of sand accumulating at the root of sand-blocking fence.Based on field observations and numerical modelling results,when the sand-blocking fence is placed in latticed dune area,it should be placed in the middle of the windward slope of the first main ridge as a matter of priority.Besides the sand-blocking fence should be placed at the top of the first main ridge,and sand fixing measures should be added.

The Value of Rural Access Roads: The Case Study of Chepyuk and Mitira Wards in Bungoma and Kirinyaga Counties

In this paper we assess the impact of road network on rural regions development using a case study of Chepyuk and Mitira wards. The two case study areas were selected owing to their comparable agro ecological conditions but different political orientation. The wards have identical agro economic activities due to their similarity in climatic and ecological conditions. Household incomes earned from agricultural enterprises and bid rent per unit area of land are used as indicators of development. The condition of road network is used as an indicator of accessing the rural regions in various seasons of the year. The study provides evidence of the economic advantages associated with better market access, primarily due to the good road infrastructure in Mitira compared to Chepyuk. The good road condition is advantageous to Mitira ward residents allowing them to access other markets hence improving the farm gate value of their products. On the other hand, the prices for Chepyuk products are cheap due to constrained market access necessitated by the poor road condition. For instance, the average price of a liter of milk in Chepyuk ward is Kshs.36.65 compared to Mitira where it goes at Kh.55.08. It therefore implies in Chepyuk milk has to be sold at lower price since access to alternative markets is constrained by poor road condition. The disparity in the road network quality has been occasioned by investment policy by both colonial and consecutive post-independence governments which have given preference to the region where Mitira region is located. This is against the constitutional requirement which proposes an equalization fund for infrastructure development to regions lagging behind in terms of development.

Structural Design of Roadbed and Pavement in Transition Section of Roads and Bridges

As the lifeline of social development,road and bridge projects are the main channel to realize resource transportation and economic circulation.Ensuring the quality of road and bridge project construction is crucial for the development of society,the economy,and people’s livelihoods.This paper studies the design of roadbed pavement structures in road and bridge transition sections.It aims to provide technical references and significance for China’s road and bridge engineering design and construction units,promoting scientific and standardized design in these actions.This will contribute to the safety and stable operation of road and bridge projects,offering effective technical support.Furthermore,it seeks to foster the sustainable and healthy development of China’s road and bridge engineering on a macro level.

基于SIR模型的城市路网拥堵传播分析

研究城市道路交通拥堵传播规律对缓解交通拥堵问题有着积极作用,为此建立了基于SIR的城市道路交通拥堵传播模型,用以分析城市道路交通拥堵传播过程。首先,基于城市实际路网构建路网对偶拓扑网络,并依据SIR建立交通拥堵传播模型。其次,结合道路网络的复杂网络特征和道路自身的相关属性,引入随机森林算法计算相关权重,确定拥堵模型中的传播速率等关键参数。最后,以南京市秦淮区某区域路网为例,构建有69个节点,163条连线的城市路网对偶拓扑网络进行仿真实验。结果表明:道路节点度和道路饱和度是影响道路拥堵传播的关键因素,道路节点度的影响相对较小,传播范围增长在5%以内,恢复时间影响在10%左右;道路饱和度的影响相对较大,随着道路饱和度的增长,传播范围增长最大可至40%,恢复时间影响在20%左右。

内置应变传感器对沥青混合料力学性能的影响

道路本体结构的智能智慧是道路工程发展的重要方向,内置应变传感器是实现路面结构应变感知的重要手段,为探究内置应变传感器对沥青混合料力学性能影响,运用离散元法,构建了内置应变传感器的沥青混合料细观模型,研究了应变传感器埋设深度和数量对沥青混合料力学性能影响,分析了沥青混合料材料公称最大粒径、级配和沥青砂浆黏结强度等对内置应变传感器工作性能影响.结果表明:随着传感器埋设深度的增加,梁试件底部三个监测点位处水平拉应力分别增加56.9%、43.5%、43.8%,越接近梁试件底部,其内部水平应力场分布更均匀;与单传感器相比,埋设双传感器的梁试件裂隙增加速度更快,在挠度为0.8 mm时裂隙数便达到267个,单传感器仅为93个;沥青混合料公称最大粒径越大,力链数越少,AC-16、AC-20的平均力链比较AC-13分别降低4.9%、11.4%;沥青混合料级配越粗,荷载传递路径越少,接触力系数量减少77.7%,接触力分布均匀性降低,最大接触力增加74.6%,导致传感器工作稳定性越差;沥青砂浆黏结强度增加,最大接触力下降11%,传感器工作稳定性越好.研究结果可为提升内置应变传感器的沥青混合料耐久性和工作稳定性提供参考.

马来西亚中医药医教浅谈

作者通过查阅文献、实地考察、临床验证、学习政策,根据所了解的中医药在马来西亚的情况,分别对马来西亚的中医药萌芽发展、执业情况、药业概况、临床诊疗、相关教育情况以及政策展望进行汇报、分析,以期未来中医药在医疗服务、医保政策、教育、贸易和科研等方面发挥自身独有的优势与特色,被越来越多的马来西亚人民接受。

Problems in Ecological Landscape and Traffic Safety of Urban Roads

This study mainly analyzed problems in ecological landscape and traffic safety of urban roads, and in view of these problems, proposed the design concepts, principles and focuses of urban road eco-landscape ensuring traffic safety.

装配式临时预制混凝土板路面优化计算及应用研究

采用装配式预制混凝土板作为临时道路路面,具有经济环保的优点。以不产生疲劳断裂作为设计标准和不产生极限断裂作为验算标准,针对路面板的厚度、配筋和混凝土标号等主要参数进行优化计算分析,获得满足临时道路路面条件下最优的装配式预制混凝土板尺寸及材料参数。阐述了装配式预制混凝土板路面在施工道路建设及维护中的优点,并基于现场实际工程应用,介绍了具体的施工技术要点和工艺,实现了施工效率、施工质量与经济效益的全面提升,达到安全可靠、经济适用和绿色环保的目的。

Study on Present Situation of Plant Landscape Construction for Xi'an Urban Roads

According to the primary study on green plant species and arrangement of Xi'an urban road,the major problems about plant construction in Xi'an urban roads were analyzed in this study,and the greening plant arrangement in Xi'an urban road was discussed to provide references for Xi'an urban road greening.An analysis of the road in Xi'an plant problems and plant configuration for the road less than the existence of specific proposals for Xi'an Green has been building the road from.

The Landscape Design of Roads Afforestation of Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality

Based on road characters in Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality,four typical roads were selected to carry out road afforestation design with consideration of local building features and local vegetations,in order to integrate both of landscape effects,in terms of improving and beautifying city environment,and of ecological effects,such as filtering air,reducing temperature,increasing humidity,and reducing noise.

Selection of Indigenous Plants in Roads in Northwestern Loess Plateau Area

[Objective] The aim was to study on resource utilization of indigenous plants in roads in order to solve resource shortage of indigenous plant in bioengi- neering. [Method] Based on northwestern loess plateau area, we conducted research on selection of indigenous plants and survey on the species which could live in adverse condition, mainly by surveying, with frequent tests as a supplement, to make a comprehensive observation and evaluation on plant combinations which are to be extensively applied. [Result] The research indicated that in central dividing strips, four arbors, including Platycladus orientalis （Linn.）Franco, Sabina chinensis, Sabinachinen- sis（Linn.）Ant., and Ulmus purnila L., and nine frutices, including Lycium chinense, Tamarix austromongolica, Rosa xanthina Lindl., Forsythia suspense, Atriplex canescens, Amygdalus triloba, Hippophae rharnnoides Linn., Arnorpha fruticosa L., and Syzygium aromaticum could be planted. In addition, Gleditsia sinensis Lain, Robinia pseudoacacia L, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Rhus typhina, Salix babylonica, Salixmatsudana and Fraxinus chinensis, tall and strong, are suitable to be planted as border trees, presenting a good vision. Frutices, limited by height, are usually with more branches, which will provide a good landscape if grown with tall plants. Prunus dacidiana and Ulmus pumila L., prone to be damaged by insects, should be planted with other species to stop the infestation in space. [Conclusion] The research laid foundation for selection of indigenous plants in roads, providing references for resource shortage of indigenous plant for bioengineedng.

基于ROADS的面向场景业务架构建模方法

ROAD元架构通过业务架构指导整个企业架构体系开发过程,是一组简单明确且高效的模型表达。针对已有的元架构体系中业务活动模型所采用的IDEF0图存在对多组件系统之间丰富的活动触发序列和信息交互场景描述能力不足的问题,提出在ROAD元架构基础上引入场景模型,与原来基于IDEF0的活动模型融合成为面向场景的活动模型,同时具备层次化描述能力和场景化时序表达能力。扩展后的ROADS元架构保留原架构的整体性和灵活性,且补充面向场景的系统建模能力,实现业务架构设计中的场景管理。最后以一个情景化外语教学系统为例,使用ROADS元架构方法建立场景化业务架构模型组,并对其进行讨论,为现有架构体系提供一种面向场景的扩展思路。

“一带一路”倡议对外话语传播体系的进展、挑战及对策

“一带一路”倡议对外话语传播体系建设是这一倡议全局中重要的组成部分,也是中国特色外交话语体系建设的关键一环。当前,“一带一路”话语对外传播所面临的挑战愈发凸显。文章以国际话语事实为依据,详细考察“一带一路”倡议对外话语传播现实情形,综合分析“一带一路”倡议所面临的话语挑战,就相关话语传播的内容、主体、手段、方法、技术等问题提出一系列对策性主张与方略,积极推动“一带一路”倡议对外话语传播体系的整体建设。

社会主义建设实践中的中华民族共同体认同意识——传承弘扬“两路”精神与铸牢中华民族共同体意识学术研讨会综述

2024年9月21日,传承弘扬“两路”精神与铸牢中华民族共同体意识学术研讨会在四川成都顺利召开。来自中国西藏信息中心、雅安市党史研究室、四川大学、西南交通大学、西华大学、四川师范大学、西藏民族大学、伊犁师范大学、四川旅游学院等科研院校的70余名专家学者齐聚蓉城,围绕新时期如何更好地传承和弘扬“两路”精神、深入挖掘“两路”精神对铸牢中华民族共同体意识所具有的独特价值和现实意义等议题展开研讨。会议达成了学术共识,拓宽了“两路”精神和铸牢中华民族共同体意识的研究思路,为推动新时期铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了有益的指导和借鉴。

“一带一路”倡议下实用新型制度的国际协调

“一带一路”倡议提出以来已逾十载,我国在这一过程中逐渐具备了规则创新的能力与契机,该种创新可由缺乏国际协调的实用新型制度先行。“一带一路”共建国家以及沿线区域性知识产权组织存在实用新型制度本土化的立法基础、改革经验及协调实践,考虑实用新型制度在保护渐进式创新、维护共建发展中国家利益、提升知识产权国际博弈话语权等方面所发挥的作用,我国应当推行从软法到硬法的实用新型国际协调行动。包括但非限于借助“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛发起协调倡议、倡导由世界知识产权组织出台《实用新型示范法》、借鉴欧盟的开放协调机制进行规则协商等,并将实用新型制度引入更多双边、多边贸易协定谈判场景。

Soil erosion of unpaved loess roads subjected to an extreme rainstorm event: a case study of the Jiuyuangou watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

Rainfall can cause serious soil loss in the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region, but little focus has been placed on the extreme rainstorm effects on unpaved loess road soil erosion. A field survey method was used to investigate the erosional effects of the '7·26' heavy rainfall event on unpaved loess roads in the Jiuyuangou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed that the average and maximum widths of the eroded gullies that formed on the unpaved roads were 0.65-1.48 m and 1.00-3.60 m, respectively. The average and maximum depths of theeroded gullies were 0.42-1.13 m and 0.75-4.30 m, respectively. The average width-to-depth ratio was 1.31, indicating that the widening effect was greater than the downcutting effect in the eroded gullies. In addition, the gully density ranged from 0.07 to 0.29 m m-2, and the road surface dissection degree ranged from 0.03 to 0.41 km2 km-2. Eroded gullies generally developed at the slope toe of the cut bank side. The average eroded gully width and depth at turns in the road were 1.47-2.64 times and 1.30-3.47 times greater, respectively, than those in other road sections. The road erosion modulus increased from the upper section to the lower section of the roads. The average road erosion modulus of the study catchment was 235,000 t km-2. Turns in the road were associated with collapses, sinkholes and other gravitational erosion phenomena. The amount of road erosion under extreme rainfall conditions is mainly related to the interactions among road length, width, slope and soil bulk density. Our results provide a useful reference for developing further measures for preventing road erosion on the Loess Plateau.

Processes and mechanisms of multi-collapse of loess roads in seasonally frozen ground regions: A review

Usually, the collapsible loess widely distributed across the world can serve as a type of foundation soil that meets its strength requirement after dense compaction and elimination of collapsibility. However, many problems such as cracks and differential settlement still occur in loess roads in the seasonally frozen ground regions after several years of op- eration. Many studies have demonstrated that these secondary or multiple collapses primarily result from the repeated freezing-thawing, wetting-drying, and salinization-desalinization cycles. Therefore, we conducted a research program to （1） monitor the in-situ ground temperatures and water content in certain loess roads to understand their changes, （2） study the effects of freezing-thawing, wetting-drying, and salinization-desalinization cycles on geotechnical properties and micro-fabrics of compacted loess in the laboratory, and （3） develop mitigative measures and examine their engineered effectiveness, i.e., their thermal insulating and water-proofing effects in field and laboratory tests. Our results and advances are reviewed and some further research needs are proposed. These findings more clearly explain the processes and mechanisms of secondary and multiple collapse of loess roads. We also offer references for further study of the weakening mechanisms of similar structural soils.

Effects of geometric design of forest road and roadside vegetation on traffic noise reduction

Geometric design of forest roads and design of their landscapes can reduce noise pollution and its harmful effects on human health. We investigated the effects of technical and biological parameters such as geometric road design and various roadside tree stands on reducing noise pollution according to the tree density and distance from roadway in Darabkola Forests, Sari, Iran. We recorded the noise generated by a car （Land Rover） relative to changes in longitudinal slope, horizontal curve radius and type of road pavement. We also measured noise levels according to roadside tree density and stand type （coniferous and hardwood） in 40 rectangular plots of three widths （25, 100 and 300 m） and 50 m length that were randomly demar- cated along forest roads. The changes in noise level were recorded using a decibel meter with an accuracy of q-1.5 dB and resolution of 0.1 dB. Noise levels were higher alongside unpaved roads than alongside paved roads. There was an inverse relationship between the measured noise level and horizontal curve radius. The rate of noise level on horizontal curve with a radius less than 30, 30-45 m and more than 45 m were 64.8, 70.8 and 75.9 dB, respectively. The noise level increased with the increasing longitudinal slope of the road. There was a significant difference between the noise level on slopes less than 3 % （67 dB） and 3-8 % （71.2 dB） in comparison with slopes greater than 8 % （77.8 dB）, （p 〈 0.05）. Pinus brutia L. reduced the noise level more （about 6 dB） in stands of 1/3 density of mixed hardwoods within 25 m from middle of the road. Careful design of geometric properties of forest roads as well as planting coniferous trees with hardwoods is a suitable solution for reducing noise pollution.

Influence of roads on small rodents population in fragmented forest areas, South Korea

The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea in September 2001. We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads. Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribution is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.

Effects of Forest Roads on Habitat Pattern for Sables in Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeasten China

The anthropogenic managements of forest have created a network of roads resulting in the loss and alternation of habitat. To better understand road′s impact on animal habitats, we assessed the habitat pattern of sables(Martes zibellina), one of rodents within national first-class protected species, when roads are considered in Huzhong area in Da Hinggan Mountains, northeastern China. Employing published literatures about behavior ecology, aerial photographs and forest stand maps, we classified the study area into three habitat types including best-suitable, suitable and unsuitable habitats based on sable habitat requirements at the landscape scale including four variables derived from forest source map with attribute database. Results indicated the loss and significant fragmentation of best-suitable habitat and home range habitat when roads, especially 150 m avoidance distance of roads, were considered. The roads reduced and fragmented highly suitable habitats more significantly during earlier development period than the later development period. Additionally, the suitable area percentage increased with increasing distance to roads. This study helped to identify the suitable area for sables and location of sable population. Also, this study suggested the passage construction and road management involving road closure and removal will reduce the fragmentation functionally and benefit the sable population.