Rainstorm intensity formula,main basis of solving urban waterlogging,is the basis of scientifically and rationally making urban drainage professional planning and drainage engineering design. In this paper,compilation...Rainstorm intensity formula,main basis of solving urban waterlogging,is the basis of scientifically and rationally making urban drainage professional planning and drainage engineering design. In this paper,compilation of rainstorm intensity formula in Luzhai County was taken as the case,revision and compilation techniques and research methods of rainstorm intensity formulas in municipal district and administrated county of Liuzhou were introduced. According to the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,historical rainfall data at Luzhai National Weather Station were sampled by using annual maximum method,and sampling time was from1980 to 2016. The period with the maximum rainfall was divided into 11 time intervals： 5,10,15,20,30,45,60,90,120,150 and 180 min. Fitting adjust of rainstorm sample data was conducted by using Pearson-III distribution curve,rainstorm intensity formula was fitted by the least square method,and calculation accuracy test corresponded with the requirement of Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016）. Conclusions and suggestions were as below： firstly,rainstorm intensity formula was compiled and calculated according to the recommended methods of the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,calculation process was normative,and calculation result error met the requirement of the specification. Secondly,sampling by annual maximum method was more suitable for the expression of periodic hydrometeorological law by taking year as reappearance period,and could cause better randomness and independence of statistical sample,and the method was scientific and reliable. Thirdly,rainstorm intensity formula compiled by taking rainfall data in national weather stations of Liuzhou and its administrated counties as the sample could be used in the scope of the local jurisdiction.展开更多
There were mainly six types of formalization models found in the study for 95 city and county names in China’s Hunan province,namely,the environment in a place for the place,the wish of the nomenclator for the place,...There were mainly six types of formalization models found in the study for 95 city and county names in China’s Hunan province,namely,the environment in a place for the place,the wish of the nomenclator for the place,the relative position of a place for the place,the resident for the place,the legend for the place,and the function of a place for the place.In the six formalization models,environment in a place for the place was the most in number,forging 47 names.Besides,the wish of the nomenclator for the place and the relative position of a place for the place came the second,taking 20 names respectively.The cognitive operation participating in the formalization was primarily single metonymy with only a few complex metonymies.Metaphtonymy could be only noted in the model of the wish of the nomenclator for the place.It was notable that single metaphor was missing in the cognitive operations.展开更多
基金Supported by the Item of Urban and Rural Community Affairs(Urban Construction--Planning Compilation and Project Prophase)in Liuzhou City in 2015
文摘Rainstorm intensity formula,main basis of solving urban waterlogging,is the basis of scientifically and rationally making urban drainage professional planning and drainage engineering design. In this paper,compilation of rainstorm intensity formula in Luzhai County was taken as the case,revision and compilation techniques and research methods of rainstorm intensity formulas in municipal district and administrated county of Liuzhou were introduced. According to the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,historical rainfall data at Luzhai National Weather Station were sampled by using annual maximum method,and sampling time was from1980 to 2016. The period with the maximum rainfall was divided into 11 time intervals： 5,10,15,20,30,45,60,90,120,150 and 180 min. Fitting adjust of rainstorm sample data was conducted by using Pearson-III distribution curve,rainstorm intensity formula was fitted by the least square method,and calculation accuracy test corresponded with the requirement of Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016）. Conclusions and suggestions were as below： firstly,rainstorm intensity formula was compiled and calculated according to the recommended methods of the Design Specification for Outdoor Drainage（ GB 50014-2006,2016） and the Technical Guidelines for Establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve Design Rainstorm Profile,calculation process was normative,and calculation result error met the requirement of the specification. Secondly,sampling by annual maximum method was more suitable for the expression of periodic hydrometeorological law by taking year as reappearance period,and could cause better randomness and independence of statistical sample,and the method was scientific and reliable. Thirdly,rainstorm intensity formula compiled by taking rainfall data in national weather stations of Liuzhou and its administrated counties as the sample could be used in the scope of the local jurisdiction.
文摘There were mainly six types of formalization models found in the study for 95 city and county names in China’s Hunan province,namely,the environment in a place for the place,the wish of the nomenclator for the place,the relative position of a place for the place,the resident for the place,the legend for the place,and the function of a place for the place.In the six formalization models,environment in a place for the place was the most in number,forging 47 names.Besides,the wish of the nomenclator for the place and the relative position of a place for the place came the second,taking 20 names respectively.The cognitive operation participating in the formalization was primarily single metonymy with only a few complex metonymies.Metaphtonymy could be only noted in the model of the wish of the nomenclator for the place.It was notable that single metaphor was missing in the cognitive operations.
