Constructing a standard system of city sustainable development assessment technology based on the SDGs

Given the rapid development of China’s new urbanization,cities with different locations and varying functional positioning,resource endowments,and development stages have insufficient scientific and applicable technical tools for implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).City managers and policymakers must urgently establish SDG benchmarks to diagnose city development.Moreover,successful experiences from similar cities regarding sustainable development and self-improvement must be learned from to promote diversified,sustainable development across the country.Furthermore,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,big data and 5G are widely used in smart cities.Therefore,there is a growing need for“knowledge-based,personalized and intelligent”technologies to support monitoring,evaluation,and decision-making processes facilitating sustainable development in cities.This paper uses standardization as the theoretical support and technical basis.This approach can help clarify the sustainable development processes in China and clarify the evaluation results of and provide data on horizontal city comparisons,which can be used to develop evaluation technology for sustainable development in cities and construct a standardized system.The results provide a standard framework for intelligent assessment and decision-making regarding cities’sustainable development capabilities in China.Evaluating major international standardization institutions reveals that the practices of Chinese national standards should be fully absorbed and integrated to guide the evaluation of smart,resilient,and low-carbon cities.To this end,an indicator library of city sustainable development is proposed to provide standard evaluation technology methods.Finally,analyzing the response relationship of the indicator library to SDGs reveals the need for a standardized knowledge map of sustainable development assessment techniques and methods from the perspective of integrated management for sustainable development in cities.

Industrial Agglomeration Externalities, City Size, and Regional Economic Development： Empirical Research Based on Dynamic Panel Data of 283 Cities and GMM Method

Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.

Coalition Emergency Response System, City Security and City Sustainable Development

The relations among the establishment of Coalition Emergency Response System （CERS）, city security and city sustainable development are analyzed in the article. According to the relation analysis, it is concluded that cities should build up their CERS to deal with the thread of damage in China. The recommendations about the establishment of the system are also provided.

Nice Ltd.and the City of Development Zones

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To Promote Exhibition Development by Rights of City Advantages --An Interview towards Xing Liangzhong.Vice Mayor of Dalian

Reporter: What are advantages for Dalian to develop exhibition industry? Xing Liangzhong: Dalian has some advantages to develop exhibition industry, as follows: Firstly, Dalian has its particular geographical environment for exhibitions, as it is located in south of Liaotung Peninsula, facing Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea on east and west respectively.

BORDER PORT MANZHOULI:URBAN FUNCTION AND SPACE DEVELOPMENT

Manzhouli is the largest land port city on the Sino-Russia border,transit cargo through the land port amount -ed to 5.95million tons,transit tour ists were 304500in 2000.It stands at the joint place of China,Mongolia an d Russi-a,faces to Siberia area of Russia,re ceives direct support from the North east China and Bohai Sea Rim Area,and possess-es priorities in geographical location,land port infrastructure,wate r resources,coal resources,touris t resources and great potentiality in economic coop eration with Russia.The future urban function is a key port on the First Eurasia Continen-tal Bridge.Manzhouli Port will keep its first place between China and Russia land transport,and it is forecasted that the transit amount through Manzhouli Port will go up to 10million tons in 2005and 20million tons in 2010.It will be construct-ed to be a trade center of the peripheral area extending to Russia and Mongolia,a key export-oriented processing industri-al zone supported by industries such as export processing industries,export agriculture,trade services,t echnology trad-ing and the other service industries.It keeps being a well-known touring city for trade,shopping,sightseeing,vocation,local food,recreation and cultural events.To build Manzhouli Export Pr ocessing Industry Zone will improve city econom-ic structure,and the main sectors are organic food processing,livestock products processing,garment and f urniture indus-try.Moreover,Manzhouli Export Pro cessing Industry Zone will eventually be upgraded to be a border free trad e zone.The city functional transition will inevitably affect urban spatial restructure and its expansion.The city space transforma-tion will develop as such:one develo pment axis of No.301highway paralle ling with Bin -Zhou(Harbin -Manzhouli)rail-way which cuts through central part o f Manzhouli City,and links Zhalainuoer District with central city;thre e urban units including central city,Zhalainuoer District and Manzhouli Interchange Trade Zone;cohesion with Aoerjin a nd Cuogang pastures;regional dual-nuclei str ucture of Hailaer City and Manhzouli City;and the Manzhouli-Zabaykalsk Free Trade Zone.

Spatial Development of Local Bantik Community in Malalayang, Indonesia

The Proximity between the central business district and the settlement has led to many changes in the local Bantik community. These include changes in the function of settlements, population size, location of residence, and the movement of local culture. This study aims to examine the spatial changes that occur in local neighborhoods with a focus on the Bantik tribal community in Malalayang. Data were obtained from a series of field observations, questionnaires and structured interviews. This study conducted a series of analyses on spatial patterns, sociocultural factors and urban policy. The results show that the dynamic changes are natural and hard to avoid, since they are related to the community＇s needs and development of the city. In order to face the changes, adjustments in the values of the local community towards the settlement terms and conditions are necessary. In addition, an increase in internal resources for those local communities is needed.

Estimation of Probability of Swarming Pedestrians' Violation at Signalized Intersections in Developing Cities

We made an on-site investigation about pedestrian violation of traffic signals at a signalized intersection in Xi＇an, Shaanxi province, China. Based on it, we studied the impact of pedestrian＇s waiting time on violation decision and the impact of the number of pedestrians in colony on the probability of swarming pedestrians＇ violation. The result revealed that the probability of pedestrian violation rose with the waiting time for the pedestrians＇ green signal. Then we developed a Monte Carlo model for simulating mixed vehicles and pedestrians and used the on-site investigation data to validate the model. When traffic volume is fight, the error between the simulated values and the measured ones is 2.67%. When traffic volume is heavy, the error is 3.38%.

Nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors regarding antineoplastic drugs:the mediating role of protective knowledge

Objective:To explore the relationships between Chinese nurses’knowledge,perceptions,and attitudes and their behavior and actual implementation of safety measures when handling antineoplastic drugs(ADs)in their daily work.Methods:This was a multisite study conducted in 8 public hospitals in China.A self-administered questionnaire was sent to par ticipants querying the degree of contact with ADs.The hypothesized relations were explored using structural equation modelling via the bootstrap method.Mediation analysis was applied to explore the mediating role of protective knowledge regarding AD exposure on the associations among protective training,using warning labels,and using protective masks.Results:A total of 305 nurses were enrolled.The average age of all par ticipants was 30.2(standard deviation[SD]:6.2)years.Nurses who had received protective training for AD exposure were more likely to use labels for ADs after age,body mass index(BMI),length of service,marital status,education,and department were controlled as covariates.The bias-corrected bootstrap of 95%confidence interval(CI)indicated that protective knowledge significantly mediated(23.4%)the association between protective training and using labels(indirect effect=0.202,95%CI:0.009,0.495);the proportion of mediation was 23.4%.Protective knowledge significantly mediated the association between protective training and using protective masks(indirect effect=0.157,95%CI:0.048,0.325);the propor tion of mediation was 27.2%.Conclusions:The findings of this study have provided baseline information on the current state of Chinese nurses’perceptions,knowledge,and preventive behaviors toward ADs as the crisis is happening.Training is also recommended to improve nurses’perceptions of the risks associated with ADs.

China＇s Sponge City construction： A discussion on technical approaches

Since 2014, China has been implementing the Sponge City Construction initiative, which represents an enormous and unprecedented effort by any government in the world for achieving urban sustainability. According to preliminary estimates, the total investment on the Sponge City Plan is roughly 100 to 150 million Yuan （RMB） （$15 to $22.5 million） average per square kilometer or 10 Trillion Yuan （RMB） （$1.5 Trillion） for the 657 cities nationwide. The Sponge City Plan （SCP） calls for the use of natural processes such as soil and vegetation as part of the urban runoff control strategy, which is similar to that of low impact development （LID） and green infrastructure （G1） practices being promoted in many parts of the world. The SCP includes as its goals not only effective urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, water quality improvement and ecological restoration. So far, the SCP implementation has encountered-some barriers and challenges due to many factors. The present paper presents a review of those barriers and challenges, oftizrs discussions and recommendations on several technical aspects such as control goals and objectives; planning/design and construction of LID/GI practices; performance evaluation. Several key recommendations are proposed on Sponge City implementation strategy, Site-specific regulatory fi＇amework and technical gmdance, Product innovation and certification, LID/GI Project financing, LID/G1 profcssional training and certification, public outreach and education. It is expected that the successful implemen!atiun of the. SCP not only will bring about a sustainable, eco-friendly urbanization process in China, but also contribute enormously to the LID/Gl research and development with the vast amount of relevant data and experiences generated from the Sponge City construction projects.

Some Problems in the Economic Development of Ningbo City

I. Present SituationNingbo is the second largest city ofZhejiang Province and one of the 14 coastalcities which has been disignated for furtheropening up to the outside world. NingboCity is situated in the northeasten part ofZhejiang Province, with 5 counties and onecity under its jurisdiction (Qingxian,Fenghua, Ninghai, Xiangshan and

City Planning and SocioEconomic Development——Also on the Further Implementation of the Master Plan for Beijing Development

At present,many people believe that wehave to strengthen the research on socioeconomic development when making citydevelopment plans,but problems remain asto what to research on,how to carry out theresearch and how to closely

Forum Spotlight: City Development and Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Framework

With the theme of“The Belt and Road:Inclusive,Sustainable and Resilient Cities”,the 2016 Imperial Springs International Forum focused on city cooperation and emphasized the idea of“city”as the pilot for cooperation under the Belt and

Enlightenment From the Development of Ancient City Planning in China in the Ancient Times

China is among the first countries in the world in developing the science of urban planning,and has evolved her own unique system.Through investigating the structural features of the plan-ning system,the laws governing its development and the causes of the rise and fall of the ancientplanning system,this article attempts to propose some insights useful to the establishment and de-velopment of the modern city planning in China.

The Rise of the Nantong Harbour and the Development Strategy of Nantong City

Nantong in Jiangsu Province is one ofthe 14 coastal port cities designated to opento the outside world. Recent years saw theincreasing importance of the Nantong Har-bour, with its cargo handling capacitymiraculously shooting up from 2.96 milliontonnes in 1980 to 10.19 million tonnes in1985. Nantong has grown from a lack-lus-ter inland river harbour into an importantsea port of China and the hub of theriver-sea coordinated transport system inthe Yangtze River Valley. Although it

Study on the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Tourism Development in Sanya City Based on Grey Relational Analysis

The development of tourism is closely related to Sanya’s economic growth.In this paper,the correlation between tourism development and economic growth in Sanya city is studied.Itwas first measured with grey correlation analysis.Then,tourism factors in Sanya was indicated,including tourism foreign exchange income,total value of accommodation and catering,the number of A-level and above scenic spots,tourism turnover,overnight domestic tourists,total passenger flow of airport and railway station and other factors.It is found that these factors have a significant impact on the output value of tourism in Sanya City.The analytical results show that tourism factors and economic growth in Sanya city is highly correlated.Improvement measures are put forward accordingly.