Recent Technology Advancements in Smart City Management:A Review

The rapid population growth,insecure lifestyle,wastage of natural resources,indiscipline behavior of human beings,urgency in the medical field,security of patient information,agricultural-related problems,and automation requirements in industries are the reasons for invention of technologies.Smart cities aim to address these challenges through the integration of technology,data,and innovative practices.Building a smart city involves integrating advanced technologies and data-driven solutions to enhance urban living,improve resource efficiency,and create sustainable environments.This review presents five of the most critical technologies for smart and/or safe cities,addressing pertinent topics such as intelligent traffic management systems,information and communications technology,blockchain technology,re-identification,and the Internet of Things.The challenges,observations,and remarks of each technology in solving problems are discussed,and the dependency effects on the technologies’performance are also explored.Especially deep learning models for various applications are analyzed.Different models performance,their dependency on dataset size,type,hyper-parameters,and the non-availability of labels or ground truth are discussed.

Estimation of the Direct Cost of Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Three Reference Hospitals in the City of Yaoundé: A Retrospective Study over a Three-Year Period

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health problem due to its increasing frequency, mortality and management cost. This cost may require major financial efforts from patients, especially in developing countries like ours where less than 7% of the population has health insurance. This study aimed to estimate the direct cost of managing VTE in three reference hospitals in Yaoundé. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study over a three-year period (from January 1st 2018 to December 31 2020) carried out in the Cardiology departments of the Central and General Hospitals, and the Emergency Centre of the city of Yaoundé. All patients managed during the study period for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism confirmed by venous ultrasound coupled with Doppler and computed tomography pulmonary angiography respectively were included. For each patient, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data as well as data on the cost of consultation, hospital stay, workups and medications. These data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 92 patient’s records were analysed. The median age was 60 years [48 - 68] with a sex ratio of 0.53. The median direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism was 766,375 CFAF [536,455 - 1,029,745] or $1415 USD. Management of pulmonary embolism associated with deep vein thrombosis was more costly than isolated pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Factors influencing the direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism were: hospital structure (p = 0.015), health insurance (p 0.001), type of pulmonary embolism (p = 0.021), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Management of VTE is a major financial burden for our patients and this burden is influenced by the hospital structure, health insurance, type of pulmonary embolism and length of hospital stay.

Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Farmgate Area of Dhaka North City Corporation

This investigation is focused on conducting a thorough analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). MSWM encompasses a range of interdisciplinary measures that govern the various stages involved in managing unwanted or non-utilizable solid materials, commonly known as rubbish, trash, junk, refuse, and garbage. These stages include generation, storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling, disposal, and monitoring. The waste materials mentioned in this context exhibit a wide range of items, such as organic waste from food and vegetables, paper, plastic, polyethylene, iron, tin cans, deceased animals, byproducts from demolition activities, manure, and various other discarded materials. This study aims to provide insights into the possibilities of enhancing solid waste management in the Farmgate area of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). To accomplish this objective, the research examines the conventional waste management methods employed in this area. It conducts extensive field surveys, collecting valuable data through interviews with local residents and key individuals involved in waste management, such as waste collectors, dealers, intermediate dealers, recyclers, and shopkeepers. The results indicate that significant amounts of distinct waste categories are produced daily. These include food and vegetable waste, which amount to 52.1 tons/day;polythene and plastic, which total 4.5 tons/day;metal and tin-can waste, which amounts to 1.4 tons/day;and paper waste, which totals 5.9 tons/day. This study highlights the significance of promoting environmental consciousness to effectively shape the attitudes of urban residents toward waste disposal and management. It emphasizes the need for collaboration between authorities and researchers to improve the current waste management system.

IoT-Based Management of Smart City Infrastructure

This thesis explores the integration of the Internet of Things(IoT)in managing smart city infrastructure,highlighting its transformative potential across various urban systems,including traffic management,energy optimization,and public safety.As urbanization accelerates globally,cities face mounting challenges,including traffic congestion,excessive energy consumption,and security concerns.IoT-based solutions offer data-driven approaches that leverage real-time monitoring,advanced analytics,and automated decision-making to enhance operational efficiency,promote sustainable practices,and improve quality of life for urban residents.This study examines key IoT applications,identifies infrastructure management challenges,and demonstrates the value of decision support systems(DSS)and feedback mechanisms for adaptive city management.Findings indicate that while IoT deployment poses challenges related to data interoperability,security,and scalability,the advantages it brings in predictive analytics,efficient resource management,and real-time response to urban needs make it a cornerstone for the future of sustainable cities.

Development and Application of Procedures for the Management of Skin Toxicity Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Lung Cancer

Objective: To establish the procedures for the management of skin toxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer and explore the effect of application. Methods: A total of 24 evidence-based evidences were collected from 7 aspects, including risk factors, baseline screening, ICIs monitoring, daily skin care, multidisciplinary management, symptom management and health education. A total of 157 lung cancer patients and 94 nurses from 8 wards of the Oncology department of our hospital from November 2022 to May 2023 were selected by convenience sampling. A total of 77 patients and 46 nurses from ward 1 - 4 were divided into the baseline group. There were 80 patients and 48 nurses in Ward 5 - 8 as the evidence-based practice group. In the baseline group, patients were treated with routine methods such as assessing skin symptoms, taking medication according to symptoms, guiding to keep skin clean and moist, eating a light diet, and avoiding scratching. The evidence-based practice group adopts an evidence-based continuous improvement model for nursing. The differences in the severity of symptoms of skin toxicity in the second cycle of medication and the knowledge and practice of self-care of skin toxicity were compared between the two groups before and after the use of the syndrome, as well as the differences in the implementation rate of review indicators, evidence-based ability and knowledge and practice of skin toxicity care before and after the use of the syndrome. Results: The incidence and severity of cutaneous toxicity were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (P P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related skin toxicity management procedures can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of skin toxicity symptoms, optimize the clinical pathway, and improve the quality of care.

Smart City Rail Transit Operation and Management Information Construction Strategy

Rail transit is considered one of the safest and most efficient modes of transportation.Ticketing,vehicle dispatching,and passenger flow control during rail transit operations in China have been improving over the years.Smart city construction and intelligent management models has also been increasingly emphasized with the rapid development of information and internet technology.Therefore,it is essential to conduct relevant research and discussions to improve the overall efficiency and quality of urban rail transit operation and management.This article provides an overview of smart city rail transit operation and management informatization,the principles of construction,and the functions of smart city rail transit operation and management informatization.Additionally,it discusses the strategies for the construction of smart city rail transit operation and management information and its development prospects.

Research on the Challenges and Solutions for Ethnic Tourism Service Management in Xichang City,Liangshan Prefecture in the Regional Tourism Era

With the advent of the regional tourism era,ethnic tourism service management in Xichang City,Liangshan Prefecture,faces new challenges and opportunities.This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of ethnic tourism service management in Xichang City,identifying existing issues such as uneven service quality,an imperfect management system,and the need for improved professional quality among service personnel.To address these problems,the paper proposes several countermeasures,including establishing a service system oriented toward tourists’needs,enhancing professional training for service personnel,and optimizing the management model for tourism service quality.The study aims to promote the sustainable,rapid,and healthy development of tourism in Xichang City,Liangshan Prefecture,and contribute to the prosperity of tourism in Sichuan Province by improving the management level of ethnic tourism services.

Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management for Demand and Capacity Balancing Under Capacity Uncertainty

This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.

Application and Promotion of Whole-Process Capacity Management Model for CHF Patients Led by Specialist Nurses in “Heart Failure Center Alliance Unit”

Objective: To implement the whole-process capacity management model led by specialist nurses, improve the capacity management behavior of medical staff, and build a standardized, standardized and operable CHF capacity management system. Methods: According to the evidence pyramid principle and search strategy, 2 evidence-based nursing backbone completed literature search in both Chinese and English, and finally included 7 literatures. Results: Around the three key links of capacity assessment, monitoring and management, stakeholders were invited to evaluate each evidence according to the FAME principle, that is, the feasibility, suitability, effectiveness and clinical significance of evidence. Finally, 11 best evidences were obtained and 5 clinical review indicators of the cost project were transformed. This study formulated the competence management plan for CHF patients based on the current situation, established competence load evaluation criteria for CHF patients, and determined the target “dry weight” value for CHF patients. Conclusion: The whole-course volume management model of CHF patients guided by specialist nurses should be established and applied and promoted in the “heart failure Center Alliance unit”, so as to improve the capacity management ability of medical staff for CHF patients, enhance the self-management ability of CHF patients, improve the capacity management behavior and health outcomes, and effectively reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality rate of CHF patients in the region.

Imperative for long-term management and surveillance in Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease(KD)is a significant pediatric vasculitis known for its potential to cause severe coronary artery complications.Despite the effectiveness of initial treatments,such as intravenous immunoglobulin,KD patients can experience long-term cardiovascular issues,as evidenced by a recent case report of an adult who suffered a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to previous KD in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.This editorial emphasizes the critical need for long-term management and regular surveillance to prevent such complications.By drawing on recent research and case studies,we advocate for a structured approach to follow-up care that includes routine cardiac evaluations and preventive measures.

Enhancing perianal disease management with integrated physical and psychological approaches

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the study by Hou et al,focusing on the complex interplay between psychological and physical factors in the postoperative recovery(POR)of patients with perianal diseases.The study sheds light on how illness perception,anxiety,and depression significantly influence recovery outcomes.Hou et al developed a predictive model that demonstrated high accuracy in identifying patients at risk of poor recovery.The article explores the critical role of pre-operative psychological assessment,highlighting the need for mental health support and personalized recovery plans in enhancing POR quality.A multidisciplinary approach,integrating mental health professionals with surgeons,anesthesiologists,and other specialists,is emphasized to ensure comprehensive care for patients.The study’s findings serve as a call to integrate psychological care into surgical practice to optimize outcomes for patients with perianal diseases.

Revolutionizing diabetic retinopathy screening and management:The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among individuals with diabetes,necessitating innovative approaches to screening and management.This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)in revolutionizing DR care.AI and ML technologies have demonstrated remarkable advancements in enhancing the accuracy,efficiency,and accessibility of DR screening,helping to overcome barriers to early detection.These technologies leverage vast datasets to identify patterns and predict disease progression with unprecedented precision,enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions.Furthermore,AI-driven solutions hold promise in personalizing management strategies for DR,incorpo-rating predictive analytics to tailor interventions and optimize treatment path-ways.By automating routine tasks,AI can reduce the burden on healthcare providers,allowing for a more focused allocation of resources towards complex patient care.This review aims to evaluate the current advancements and applic-ations of AI and ML in DR screening,and to discuss the potential of these techno-logies in developing personalized management strategies,ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of DR.The integration of AI and ML in DR care represents a paradigm shift,offering a glimpse into the future of ophthalmic healthcare.

Motivational interviewing in postoperative rehabilitation and chronic disease management: Current findings and future research directions

This editorial highlights a recently published study examining the effectiveness of music therapy combined with motivational interviewing(MI)in addressing an-xiety and depression among young and middle-aged patients following percuta-neous coronary intervention.It further explores existing evidence and potential future research directions for MI in postoperative rehabilitation and chronic disease management.MI aims to facilitate behavioral change and promote healthier lifestyles by fostering a trusting relationship with patients and enhan-cing intrinsic motivation.Research has demonstrated its effectiveness in posto-perative recovery for oncological surgery,stroke,organ transplants,and gastroin-testinal procedures,as well as in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes,obesity,and periodontal disease.The approach is patient-centered,adaptable,cost-effective,and easily replicable,though its limitations include reliance on the therapist’s expertise,variability in individual responses,and insufficient long-term follow-up studies.Future research could focus on developing individualized and precise intervention models,exploring applications in digital health management,and confirming long-term outcomes to provide more compre-hensive support for patient rehabilitation.

Concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements in Groundwater and Surface Water in Ruashi and Annexe Municipalities of Lubumbashi City, Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.

Studying and Estimating Visual Pollution in Irbid City (Centre of Irbid City-Case Study)

Despite the global attention towards pollution,it remains a significant global threat and challenge for both developed and developing countries.Urbanization and economic development influence different types of pollution.Visual pollution is considered a new phenomenon referring to the impact of existing and growing mainstream pollution which impairs an individual’s ability to enjoy visits or views.Recently,Jordanian cities have expanded in response to urbanization and ongoing development.Irbid City has the second largest population in Jordan after the capital Amman City highest population density in Jordan.In the modern era,Irbid City dramatically increased in population and dimension.The growth of the demographic population has been significant and has led to overpopulation,rapid urbanization,and unresolved problems associated with spatial planning and infrastructures leading to different types of pollution including visual pollution.The study area focuses on the city center with the most crowded population through field visits and actual observations.The study technique is descriptive and analytical,with a focus on meticulous monitoring and a follow-up-based questionnaire which is a tool for the study,involving data collection,classification,presentation,analysis,interpretation,and exploration to identify new facts and generalizations that can help solve current issues of visual pollution.The study provides recommendations for Irbid Municipal to eliminate visual pollution,in parallel with stricter supervision from the municipality during the building process to ensure proper implementation of the new rules,adopting an integrated policy for the city with the rest of the social,political,sensory,cultural,economic,and functional aspects,so that this policy is in the short and long term.

Sludge Management: Integrating the Principle of Circular Economy into the Concept of Sustainability

The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subject to the principles of TD(Thermodynamics),thus allowing the adoption of actions that are all the more effective the more complete the evaluation of the social dimension has been.This involves a new“Way of thinking”which sees the sludge system as the“Locomotive”of the entire wastewater/sludge treatment train and is developed through“Ways of acting”which includes both“Technical”actions to maximize recoveries of useful materials and/or or energy,and“Socio/Institutional”actions to overcome barriers linked to local cultures and traditions,also considering that the specific local context heavily influences the choices capable of satisfying the concepts of CE.It follows the need of issuing realistic and applicable regulations and overcoming social barriers,such as lack of infrastructure and/or qualified personnel,to achieve an effective integration of the concepts of CE with the more general ones of sustainability.

Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.

Solid Waste Management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

Human Effects on Tabounsou’s Coastal Ecosystem and the Matoto-Conakry Case Study of Sustainable Management Practices

Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.

Interest of D-dimer level,severity of COVID-19 and cost of management in Gabon

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events,including severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism.Elevated D-dimer levels are a critical biomarker for assessing this risk.In Gabon,early implementation of anticoagulation therapy and D-dimer testing has been crucial in managing COVID-19.This study hypothesizes that elevated Ddimer levels are linked to increased COVID-19 severity.AIM To determine the impact of D-dimer levels on COVID-19 severity and their role in guiding clinical decisions.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 patients admitted to two hospitals in Gabon between March 2020 and December 2023.The study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses and available D-dimer measurements at admission.Data on demographics,clinical outcomes,D-dimer levels,and healthcare costs were collected.COVID-19 severity was classified as non-severe(outpatients)or severe(inpatients).A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and disease severity,with adjusted odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI.RESULTS A total of 3004 patients were included,with a mean age of 50.17 years,and the majority were female(53.43%).Elevated D-dimer levels were found in 65.81%of patients,and 57.21%of these experienced severe COVID-19.Univariate analysis showed that patients with elevated D-dimer levels had 3.33 times higher odds of severe COVID-19(OR=3.33,95%CI:2.84-3.92,P<0.001),and this association remained significant in the multivariable analysis,adjusted for age,sex,and year of collection.The financial analysis revealed a substantial burden,particularly for uninsured patients.CONCLUSION D-dimer predicts COVID-19 severity and guides treatment,but the high cost of anticoagulant therapy highlights the need for policies ensuring affordable access in resource-limited settings like Gabon.