In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility ...In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility of using helicopters for air travel in mountainous areas was examined for the first time for all of Greece and especially for a mountainous and isolated area such as the Municipality of Agrafa.Initially,the time distance-virtual distance,from the hospitals was calculated at the national level of Greece,with an acceptable first contact time of 60 minutes(golden hour),i.e.,less than two hours from the nearest hospital to the incident and back to the hospital and the relevant conclusions are drawn.Then,the case study of Municipality of Agrafa,one of the most mountainous areas in Greece,was examined.The time distance of the settlements from the nearest primary health point,namely the Primary Health Centre(PHC)of West Fragkista,was calculated and the transportation by ground means was compared with the corresponding time by flying means,to investigate the contribution of air transportation or not,of the timely arrival of the patients in the appropriate health structure.Finally,possible helicopter landing locations were identified,using a geographic information system to facilitate the process of air medical transportation in the Municipality of Agrafa.展开更多
根据中国民航多年的统计数据,探讨了1960-2009年中国民航飞机的逐年能源消耗量,分析了中国民航飞机的能耗强度及其变化.结果表明,1960年至2009年,中国民航飞机年耗能总量呈上升趋势,年均能耗增长40.24万吨ce.其能耗强度呈降低态势,其值...根据中国民航多年的统计数据,探讨了1960-2009年中国民航飞机的逐年能源消耗量,分析了中国民航飞机的能耗强度及其变化.结果表明,1960年至2009年,中国民航飞机年耗能总量呈上升趋势,年均能耗增长40.24万吨ce.其能耗强度呈降低态势,其值从1960年的1.42 kg ce/换算吨公里降至2009年的0.46 kg ce/换算吨公里,年均降低19.6 g ce/换算吨公里.民航飞机2002年的耗能量已经超过铁路机车,与我国机动车耗能相比,民航飞机耗能量较少,仅占后者的4.4%.该研究对明确多年来中国民航运输行业飞机能耗状况及其年际变化具有一定的意义,可为中国民航运输行业制定节能对策提供依据.展开更多
文摘In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility of using helicopters for air travel in mountainous areas was examined for the first time for all of Greece and especially for a mountainous and isolated area such as the Municipality of Agrafa.Initially,the time distance-virtual distance,from the hospitals was calculated at the national level of Greece,with an acceptable first contact time of 60 minutes(golden hour),i.e.,less than two hours from the nearest hospital to the incident and back to the hospital and the relevant conclusions are drawn.Then,the case study of Municipality of Agrafa,one of the most mountainous areas in Greece,was examined.The time distance of the settlements from the nearest primary health point,namely the Primary Health Centre(PHC)of West Fragkista,was calculated and the transportation by ground means was compared with the corresponding time by flying means,to investigate the contribution of air transportation or not,of the timely arrival of the patients in the appropriate health structure.Finally,possible helicopter landing locations were identified,using a geographic information system to facilitate the process of air medical transportation in the Municipality of Agrafa.
文摘根据中国民航多年的统计数据,探讨了1960-2009年中国民航飞机的逐年能源消耗量,分析了中国民航飞机的能耗强度及其变化.结果表明,1960年至2009年,中国民航飞机年耗能总量呈上升趋势,年均能耗增长40.24万吨ce.其能耗强度呈降低态势,其值从1960年的1.42 kg ce/换算吨公里降至2009年的0.46 kg ce/换算吨公里,年均降低19.6 g ce/换算吨公里.民航飞机2002年的耗能量已经超过铁路机车,与我国机动车耗能相比,民航飞机耗能量较少,仅占后者的4.4%.该研究对明确多年来中国民航运输行业飞机能耗状况及其年际变化具有一定的意义,可为中国民航运输行业制定节能对策提供依据.
