A systematical review of traditional Ayurvedic and morden medical perspectives on Ghrita (clarified butter): a boon or bane

Background:For long dietary guidelines,it is recommended to avoid foods rich in saturated fatlike Ghrita,also named clarified butter or ghee,which is considered as the culprit of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,stroke,etc.Contradictory to the modern medical science,Ayurveda advocated for numerous benefits of the usage of Ghrita in the judicious manner.This paper systematically reviews and analyses the scientific researches that carried out on the benefits and harms associated with the usage of Ghrita.Methods and Findings:A search over the various search engines like Pubmed,Google was made.The relevant articles and chapters from books retrieved in English language were saved to a folder and analysed for their utility relevant to the topic and the matter was presented in a systematic manner.Results:Ghrita consisted various fats(saturated,monosaturated and polyunsaturated),fatty acids,minerals,vitamins etc.And the composition of Ghrita varies along with the method of preparation.Scientific researches carried out on Ghrita plain as well as medicated have reported about the depressant effects of medicated Ghrita in gross behavioural tests,potentiated phentobarbitone sleeping time,analgesic effect and stimulatory effect on cognition.Further,studies conducted to evaluate the effect of Ghrita on the serum lipid levels showed a dose dependant decrease in the total cholesterol,low density lipoproteins,and very low density lipoproteins.Ghrita was also reported to have wound healing activity.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest the beneficial effects of plain as well as medicated Ghrita on the various components of health and break the myth associated to the exclusion of Ghrita in diet.These researches also substantiate the claims made by the classical texts of Ayurveda.

MOHURD: Household Garbage Sorting Accelerated, Timetables for 46 Key Cities Clarified

MOHURD released the Notice on Accelerating the Household Garbage Sorting in Certain Key Cities,requiring pushing forward the household garbage sorting in 46 key cities such as Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,etc.,and establishing demonstration areas for garbage sorting in these cities for 2018.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome provide insights into flavonoid biosynthesis in'P113',a new purple tea of Camellia tachangensis

Plants typically exhibit the purple phenomenon as a result of an increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins.A new tea germplasm'P113'was recently selected from Camellia tachangensis,which is purple in tender shoots.In the present study,integrated transcriptome and metabolome were used to analyze the flavonoid metabolite components and the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in'P113'.A total of 86 flavonoid metabolites were identified,including 70 significantly differential metabolites(p<0.05)and they were enriched to the three metabolic pathways of ko00941,ko00942 and ko00944 through KEGG pathway analysis.A total of 136 flavonoid involved genes were obtained from transcriptomic study,of which 53 were significantly differentially expressed in developmental shoots.The correlation between metabolite profiling and transcriptome,transcriptome and protein interactions suggested that transcription factor MYB12 and glycosyltransferase UGT78D2 had a good facilitation on purple tender shoots.The metabolic pathways and potential genes that underlie the coloration of the shoots in'P113'are clarified in this study.It also lays the groundwork for identifying potential genes involved in color variation and offers a theoretical framework for the creation and use of distinctive genetic resources and the breeding of new cultivars.

Incisively Understanding and Scientifically Interpreting the Contemporary Chinese Perspective of Human Rights

The report delivered by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, to the 20th CPC National Congress laid out goals,tasks, and major policies for developing the cause of the Party and the country for the next five years and more, clarified a number of defining, fundamental and strategically significant issues and put forward a series of new ideas, strategies and measures. It is a programmatic document that guides China to build a modern socialist country in all respects and advance toward the Second Centenary Goal.

Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees:advances and prospects

Bud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival,growth,and development of deciduous perennial plants.The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees.A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements.Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy,but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study.In this review,we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction,maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees.We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees.We discuss phytohormones,epigenetic regulation,and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy,centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)and Dormancy-associated MADS-box(DAM)genes during endodormancy maintenance and release.Combining previous studies and our observations,we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.

Magnetic-Field-Induced Weak Order in Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed by Biaxial Molecules

Nematic liquid crystal system of interacting biaxial particles via dispersion forces is studied.The molecular orienting potential form in a magnetic field is given for the first time.Weakly ordered isotropic phase is treated in the two-particle cluster approximation.Taking account of the molecular biaxiality,it is found that the ratio of the lowest supercooling temperature T^(*)to the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature TC approaches the observed value,and the validity of the mean field theory is clarified.

Suppressing secondary reactions of coal pyrolysis by reducing pressure and mounting internals in fixed-bed reactor

Pyrolysis of Shenmu coal was performed in fixed-bed reactors indirectly heated by reducing operating pressure and mounting internals in the reactor to explore their synergetic effects on coal pyrolysis. Mounting internals particularly designed greatly improved the heat transfer inside coal bed and raised the yield of tar production.Reducing pressure further facilitated the production of tar through its suppression of secondary reactions occurring in the reactor. The absolute increase in tar yield reached 3.33 wt% in comparison with the pyrolysis in the reactor without internals under atmospheric pressure. The obtained tar yield in the reactor with internals under reduced pressure was even higher than the yield of Gray–King assay. Through experiments in a laboratory fixed bed reactor, it was also clarified that the effect of reducing pressure is related to volatile release rate in pyrolysis. It did not obviously vary tar yield at pyrolysis temperatures below 600 ℃, while the effect was evident at 650 and 700 ℃ but became limited again above 800 ℃. Under reduced pressure the produced tar contained more aliphatics and phenols but less aromatics.

A clash of fundamental assumptions:Can/should we measure physical literacy?

The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined and yet abstract concept.Multiple authors have elaborated from diverse educational and psychometric perspectives on the development of the construct,the measurement model,and the assessment of the construct.In this attempt,many issues associated with the conception of PL were clarified and insightful information and arguments were brought forward.In this regard,the special issue has moved our understanding of the concept one step further.More importantly,it points to a possibility to actualize the teaching of the concept in physical education (PE).

The Biden Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and Its Impact on China

Since entering the White House,Biden has placed the Indo-Pacific region at the center of US global strategy,advancing the vision and strategic goals of an Indo-Pacific order in diplomatic,economic,military,and other dimensions.The Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,released by the Biden administration in February 2022,further clarified the strategic goals and recent policy measures of the US in the region.

The role of dendritic cells in the immunomodulation to implanted biomaterials

Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells(DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity,studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces,their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns(BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins(HSPs) and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.

Is it possible to develop a cerebellar reserve?

The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specific electrical signals that run through our neural networks induces a number of plastic changes at both functional and structural levels.

Study on the Relation Bet ween Magnetic Moment and Charge Transfer of Metallic Glasses By LCAO-X_(α) Method

The calculations of the clusters,T_(27) and T_(27)B_(7)(T=Fe,Co and Ni),modelling metallic glasses have been performed using the quantum chemical linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-X_(α) method.The argument about the relation between magnetic moment and charge transfer has been clarified based on the calculated results.

Mechanism of the Curie-Weiss Law in Ferroelectrics

A simple double-well potential model is established.It shows that the nature of the low-frequency dielectric constant in ferroelectrics is the additional hopping of the off-center ions in multi-site potential.The co-operative effect causes the fact that the Curie-Weiss law is obeyed.The mechanism of the molecular field is clarified.

Collision Energy Dependence of Defect Formation in Graphene

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed using an empirical potential to simulate the collision process of an energetic carbon atom hitting a graphene sheet.According to the different impact locations within the graphene sheet,the incident threshold energies of different defects caused by the collision are determined to be 22eV for a single vacancy,36eV for a divacancy,60eV for a Stone-Wales defect,and 65eV for a hexavacancy.Study of the evolution and stability of the defects formed by thee collisions suggests that the single vacancy reconstructs into a pentagon pair and the divacancy transforms into a pentagon-octagon-pentagon configuration.The displacement threshold energy in graphene is investigated by using the dyuanical method,and a reasonable value 22.42eV is clarified by eliminating the heating effect induced by the collision.

Propagation of Spiking and Burst-Spiking Synchronous States in a Feed-Forward Neuronal Network

Neuronal firing that carries information can propagate stably in neuronal networks.One important feature of the stable states is their spatiotemporal correlation(STC)developed in the propagation.The propagation of synchronous states of spiking and burst-spiking neuronal activities in a feed-forward neuronal network with high STC is studied.Different dynamic regions and synchronous regions of the second layer are clarified for spiking and burst-spiking neuronal activities.By calculating correlation,it is found that five layers are needed for stable propagation.Synchronous regions of the 4th layer and the 10th layer are compared.

Comment on“Impact of ultrasound and optical biometry on refractive outcomes of cataract surgery after penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus”

Dear Editor,We read with great interest the article by Krysik et al^([1])concerning ultrasound and optical biometry after penetrating keratoplasty(PK)in keratoconus.We would like to congratulate the authors for their paper,because this is an important topic.However,we would like to make some comments on points that in our opinion should be clarified.

China Makes Greater Efforts to Improve Business Environment

On June 30,upon meeting the attendees for the 7th Round Table Summit of the Global CEO Committee,Premier Li Keqiang clarified that China will unswervingly deepen reforms,expand opening-up,and further improve China’s business climate,making it more market-oriented,legalized and international.

The crosstalk between Wnt and neurotrophin signaling pathways on neuronal differentiation of glial cells

Glial precursor cells are a group of glial cells surrounding the sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia(DRG).In our previous study,we isolated and induced glial precursor cells derived from DRG to adopt a neuronal phenotype in vitro.But the RNA level change during the neuronal differentiation of glial precursor cells has not been clarified.In this study,sequencing was performed followed by enrichment analysis employing GO terms and KEGG pathways,and then identified genes were subjected to PPI network analysis during the neuronal differentiation process.Gene expression was verified by qRT-PCR and evaluated after RNA interference.We found that Wnt and neurotrophin signaling pathways were associated with neuronal differentiation by GO terms and KEGG pathways.

Plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene-hyperbolic bilayer heterostructures

Polar dielectrics are important optical materials enabling the subwavelength manipulation of light in infrared due to their capability to excite phonon polaritons.In practice,it is highly desired to actively modify these hyperbolic phonon polaritons（HPPs） to optimize or tune the response of the device.In this work,we investigate the plasmonic material,a monolayer graphene,and study its hybrid structure with three kinds of hyperbolic thin films grown on SiO_2 substrate.The inter-mode hybridization and their tunability have been thoroughly clarified from both the band dispersions and the mode patterns numerically calculated through a transfer matrix method.Our results show that these hybrid multilayer structures are of strong potentials for applications in plasmonic waveguides,modulators and detectors in infrared.

Integrated development planning in mountainous areas-the case of Konitsa,Greece

In the research literature,we have identified a lack of common understanding of the "development" concept.The meaning of development has changed over the last decades from referencing simple economic growth to embracing social and environmental concerns.The aim of this paper is to highlight the Worth-living Integrated Development theory(WID) in the context of postgraduate education and interdisciplinarity.In particular,through the description of three research projects undertaken within the interdisciplinary postgraduate programme "Environment and Development of Mountainous Areas" of the National Technical University of Athens,the methodology of WID applied to the Greek mountain area of Konitsa is presented.In the first step of the methodology,the recent development strategies enacted by the municipality of Konitsa were compared with the principles and the values of WID.This was done to document the necessity of an integrated development process.In the second step,the investigating parameters and indicators were selected and then bibliographically and empirically researched following extensive discussions within the interdisciplinary team.In the third step,the data were analyzed to highlight the problems,the objective and the "potential" development opportunities,as well as the objective constraints on the Integrated Development of the study area.In the fourth step,a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches was followed by interdisciplinary workgroups for the formulation and documentation of alternative scenarios for Integrated Development.In the fifth step,a set of criteria wasdescribed to allow residents to evaluate the proposed development actions and choose the optimal development policies for the Municipality of Konitsa.Finally,a set of principles and values was clarified to help residents speak out and reject actions or policies that might lower their living standards.The results of each methodological step and the integrated development approach for the region of Konitsa can be used as an important tool in the planning,development and support of relevant policies.