From TCM Practice to Classic Texts:The Case of Henry C.Lu’s A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)

In memory of Dr.Henry C.Lu,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,educator and translator,this article provides an overview of his masterpiece A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)from the perspectives of book section,translation ideology and translation strategies.We then identify the features of TCM classics translated by overseas TCM practitioners and educators through analyzing exemplary characteristics of this translation.Their translations are often teaching oriented with plain and easy-to-read language,thus making TCM classics practical and applicable in clinic practice.Although these works are found in very few library collections of academic institutions,they received positive comments from readers including foreign TCM practitioners and students.

On Translation of Classical Chinese Literary Texts

Chinese classical literature is precious treasure of the world literature. In order to transmit and carry forward it, translation is an effective and necessary way, especially as the development ofglobalization and China＇s economy. This paper mainly discusses the history, difficulties, ways and skills on translation of classical Chinese literary texts in this paper.

Research and Analysis on the Origin of the Term“Xinche”in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Translation

Translating the terminology of traditional Chinese medicine(Thereafter referred to as TCM)is the core of translating TCM culture.By analyzing the connotation and denotation of the word“Xinche”(心掣)in Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine),the earliest existing TCM classic,and by comparing different English translations of the term“Xinche,”we hope to provide certain reference for the standardization of TCM terminology and to share some ideas for the translation of TCM classics.

On the Translation of Iconography of the Decorated Writing-Paper of the Ten Bamboo Studio Based on the Theory of Translational Action

Based on the theory of translational action of the functionalism,this paper selects three aspects,translation as an inter-cultural and communicative action,a purposeful text-processing action and an inter-personal action,to analyze the important issues as well as the translation strategies,methods and techniques adopted in the translation of Chinese allusions.The study shows that the theory of translational action is important for the translation of allusions and that it helps to modify the target text.The translator,also the author of this paper,hopes that this study will be useful for the translation of allusions and the publicity of traditional Chinese culture across the world.

A Tentative Study of Translation Evaluation System of Chinese Classical Poetry Form: From the Perspective of Functional Linguistics

Chinese classical poetry is the special form of literature. The translated texts of various qualities hinder the foreign read-ers from appreciating of CCP and even from correctly understanding of the Chinese unique culture, which presents obstacles to thetransmission of Chinese great culture. Tentatively establishing an evaluation system of CCP from the perspective of functional lin-guistics,based on three meta-functions proposed by Halliday, by applying the translation evaluation system, the quality of six trans-lated versions of 清明, a poem by Du Mu are assessed. By this case study, it is intended to prove the feasibility and practicability ofthis translation evaluation system, and then provide the suggestions on bettering the translated versions.

Poetry Translation as Rewriting:A Case Study of Zhang Zhizhong’s Reading English Literature to Translate Classical Chinese Poems

In the summer of 2023,Zhang Zhizhong’s Reading English Literature to Translate Classical Chinese Poems got published as one of the“Comparative Literature and World Literature Research Series”edited by Cao Shunqing.It presents Zhang’s latest theory and praxis of translating classical Chinese poems.As a kind of rewriting,Zhang’s translations are similar to modern English poems—with creative expressions in contemporary English,the enjambments from free verses,the form of concrete poetry,and the artistic conceptions of classical Chinese poetry,but without the rhymes in original works.How this poetry translation as rewriting generates in the constraints of ideology,poetics,and patronage is to be analyzed in the light of AndréLefevere’s rewriting theory.By examining the non-textual factors related to Zhang’s rewriting,it aims to reveal how this rewriting,as an experimental approach to poetry translation,can shed light on the global circulation of Chinese poetry.

A Statistical Approach to Annotation in the English Translation of Chinese Classics:A Case Study of the Four English Versions of Fushengliuji

Annotation in translation is of great value in communicating"the local"to the global readership.Based on our content and function-centered statistics on the 483 notes of the four English versions of Shen Fu’s autobiographical work Fushengliuji,we find that 1)in terms of content,cultural,geographic,historical,and literary references are the most important categories of annotation in the English translation of this work;annotations in the four versions are employed to serve 6 major functions/purposes:to further inform,to facilitate understanding,to avoid misunderstanding,to interpret personally,to cite or allude,and to correct mistakes;2)no correlation can be established between the use of annotation and the reception of the work per se,but it can reflect the translator’s poise and strategy which ultimately affect the reception of the work;and 3)Lin’s version used relatively few notes and relied heavily on paraphrasing,a practice which leads to better accessibility of his translation and at the same time to the possible sacrifice of some culturally and socially significant elements of the original.Black’s translation used notes sparingly,and she was so creative as to rearrange and edit the original text,revealing her approach of radical"reader-centeredness".Pratt and Chiang’s version and Sanders’version used a large number of notes carrying a sinological mission,revealing their respect for the original and their decision to inform and inspire their readers.We argue that cultural translation,whether aided by annotation or not,is predominantly an art about"glocalism"and that both author-centeredness and reader-centeredness can be reconciled,since ultimately they serve the same"communicative"purpose.

The New Result of Studies in the History of Medieval Calligraphy:A Review of The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author

The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author is one of the representative monographs by the Italian sinologist Pietro De Laurentis,which includes the textual and historical research of Sun Guoting(a famous calligrapher and calligraphic theorist in the Tang Dynasty)and his calligraphy.The integrity and circulation of Shu pu(one of Sun Guoting’s most famous calligraphic works,which is an important work of traditional Chinese calligraphic theory)and its textual content and visual form,featuring meticulous historical analysis and unique insights,have created a dialogue with the existing studies of Shu pu in China.The English translation of Shu pu and historical records regarding Sun Guoting are presented in this monograph,with informative notes in the translation that convey Sun Guoting’s aesthetic ideas and experiences while learning calligraphy.This book enriches the studies of calligraphy history in China by presenting a new perspective and approach,and the research-based translations provide inspiration and reference for the transmission of Chinese calligraphy in the West.

A Study on the Untranslatability of Classical Chinese Poems and Untranslatability Compensation

Classical Chinese poems（CCP） is regarded as the inheritance and treasure of Chinese culture. CCP translation, on one hand, makes us have access to explore the linguistic charming and the cultural value of classical Chinese poems; on the other hand, it provides an opportunity to transmit Chinese classical culture into western culture. While translatability of CCP translation, coupled with its untranslatability is considered a contentious topic in translation circle. Admittedly, in the process of CCP translation, some problems or barriers turn out to be our stumbling stone. But generally speaking, most of the poetry are translatable and untranslatability can be transformed into translatability with certain strategies. This thesis have compared the similarities and differences between Chinese and western poems to analyze the reasons why CCP can or cannot be translated and lays much emphasis on untranslatability as well as the compensation of untranslatability. Lastly, foreignization and domestication are recommended as two strategies in CCP translation when untranslatability occurs.

A Comparative Study of Two English Versions of Jiang Xue Based on Functional Equivalence Theory

Chinese ancient poetry is artistically beautified with extraordinarily subtle artistic images, conceptions and rhythms.How well the translator knows and understands the linguistic and cultural differences between Chinese and English and the source poem in terms of its author, writing background and intended artistic conceptions, and what translating strategies the translator adopts will have a great impact on the translated version. Based on Nida's "functional equivalence" theory as the theoretical basis of the study, two different English versions of five-character jueju"Jiang Xue were chosen as the research objects, and studied from two perspectives, namely romantic charm including artistic images and conceptions and artistic form including language employed and rhythms to examine whether the two English versions have reproduced the source poem as it was. It was pointed out in the paper that achieving the functional equivalence between the source language poem and the translated version in terms of artistic images, language style and rhythm allows the possibility of the target language reader comprehending the translated version to the point that they can conceive of how the source language reader must have understood and appreciated the source poem.

Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties （1368-1911） worshipped heaven and prayed for good harvests. It is an axial arrangement of the Circular Mound Altar to the south with the conic.ally roofed Imperial Vault of Heaven immediately to its north. This is linked by a raised sacred way to the circular, three tiered, conically roofed Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests further to the north.

CHINA Mission Accomplished

The"Chinese Classics"series published by Foreign Languages Press is a collection of ancient Chinese classics and great works of modern Chinese authors.The first set comprises nine ancient classic works including Selected Elegies of the State of Chu,Selections from Records of the Historian,Tao Yuanming Selected Poems,Du Fu Selected Poems,and Selected Tang Dynasty Stories,and five works

Services China ABC

The"Chinese Classics"series published by Foreign Languages Press is a collection of ancient Chinese classics and great works of modern Chinese authors.The first set comprises nine ancient classic works including Selected Elegies of the State of Chu,Selections from Records of the Historian,Tao Yuanming Selected Poems,Du Fu Selected Poems,and Selected Tang Dynasty Stories,and five works by Lu Xun(1881-1936),a leading figure of modern Chinese literature,which include Dawn Blossoms

Chuang Tzu in Germany:The Redirection of Chinese Literary Classics “Going Global”

As the quintessence of traditional Chinese culture,Chuang Tzu and other Chinese literary classics have been translated and introduced to many Western countries in succession,arousing Western attention and thoughts on Chinese culture.Since Chuang Tzu was introduced to Germany by sinologists and missionaries at the end of the nineteenth century,it has triggered a continuous upsurge of interest in its reading and research,which has solidified into a spiritual mirror aimed at fully representing traditional Chinese culture.From this translation and research history of Chuang Tzu in Germany,a general pattern of"translation lagging behind research"is illustrated.In this process,Germany’s interpretation and acceptance of Chuang Tzu is not only conducted from the perspective of literature and philosophy,but widely extends to other academic realms,including natural science,highlighting its distinct"fusion"and"cross-boundary"features.Examining the cross-cultural presentation and reappearance of Chuang Tzu in Germany is of great enlightening significance to the construction of a translation model for Chinese classics.Thus,a cooperative translation model in which domestic translators and foreign sinologists can draw on each other’s unique strengths during communication could be built.To this end,in the selection of translated classics,translators should pay attention to their own compatibility with the cultural background of the target countries to avoid invalid translation,which might even cause cultural conflicts.Consequently,the translation of Chinese classics will be shifted closer towards their purest original intended purposes.

Seashells Collected after Stumbles

This paper,chiefly by case studies and qualitative analysis,imparts the enlightenment gained in the course of classics translation and,in addition,the author’s contemplation upon the ethical problems confronting the academic circle.