Sociodemographic and Clinical Aspects of Climacteric Syndrome of Menopause in the City of Kati in Mali Involving 113 Women

Objective: This paper aims to study the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of menopausal climacteric syndrome in the city of Kati in Mali. Patients and Methods: This was a quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted in the city of Kati from February 1 to July 31, 2021. We included 112 menopausal women. Women were selected from a household survey using the sampling step. We were interested in conjugal, family and professional life, self-esteem and the state of health of women in general. Results: More than half of the women in our study were already postmenopausal (52.2%);the mean age was 50.5 years with the extremes ranging from 41 to 62 years. The majority of them were married (69.9%), housewives (43.4%) and Bambara (53.1%). The most common climacteric syndromes were: joint pain (65.5%), hot flashes (62.8%) and night sweats (56.6%). Genital-urinary syndromes (42.5%) were dominated by decreased libido (41.7%), urinary disorder (23%) and vaginal dryness (14.6%). Genitalia-urinary syndromes increased the frequency of disagreements;Pearson’s Chi-square = 33.63;ddl = 1;P = 0.001. There was a statistically significant relationship between night sweat, genital-urinary syndromes, joint pain, and increased disease frequency with, respectively: Pearson’s chi-square = 4.660;ddl = 1;P = 0.031;Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.001, Pearson’s Chi-square = 8.434;ddl = 1;P = 0.004. There was no statistically significant relationship between climacteric syndrome and family life, work life and self-esteem. Changes in the professional relationship between women and their co-workers included, respectively: arguments (50%);disagreements (25%) and disobedience (25%). Conclusion: Menopause deteriorates the quality of life of women who suffer in silence, hence the need to pay special attention to them.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Oncogenic-Risk Human Papilloma Virus in the Cervix of Climacteric Women with Normal Pap Smears

Objective: To find out the incidence of high-risk HPV infections on climacteric women within our area of influence;and to typify HPV genotypes on women with normal cytology that come to our hospitalary unit of menopausia. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study;with a random sample of 140 cases of climacteric women of ≥50 years of age, with normal Pap smears for the last 12 months. HPV determination was carried out by PCR for screening, and by hybrid capture for genotype typification. Results: The percentage of climacteric women who are carriers of oncogenic HPV and a normal Pap smear was of 11.43% (16/140 cases). The genotype found most frequently was HPV-16, followed by HPV-58, 51 and 18. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of women who were carriers of oncogenic HPV in climacteric women with normal Pap smears (latent infections) in our health region. We consider that cervical cancer screening, either by PCR or conventional Pap smear, should not be minimized or ignored from 50 years of age onwards.

Effect of the Ginseng extractive E on experimental climacteric disturbance in rats

Objective To search the effects of the extractive E of Ginseng(EG)on experimental climacteric syndrome in rats.Methods Extirpating the both sides of ovary of rats to turbulence estrogen secretion,induce climacteric syndrome.The weight,bite and sup,substance of bone,blood lipid,calcium urine biochemistry,estrodiol,behavior perfomance were also observed.Results The body weight of ovariotomied rat was controlled,bone density was increased,estradiol level increased,the weight of bone increased.Conclusions EG ameliorated climacteric syndrome.Increase bone density and bone mine content,enhanced the level of estradiol.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes During Ethylene Climacteric of Melon Fruit by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene climacteric in melon fruit, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） to generate forward and reverse libraries, for which we sequenced 439 and 445 clones, respectively. Our BLAST analysis showed that the genes from the 2 libraries were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell structure, transcription, translation, and defense. Six genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR during the differential developmental stage of melon fruit. Our results provide new insight into the understanding of climacteric ripening of melon fruit.

CLINICAL STUDY ON CLIMACTERIC SYNDROME TREATED WITH AURICULAR PLUS BODY ACUPUNCTURE

Aim: To search for the best therapeutic method for climacteric syndrome. Methods: A total of 190 cases of climacteric syndrome participants were randomly divided into auricular plus body acupuncture group (treatment group, n=96) and simple body acupuncture group (control group, n=94). Serum sexual hormone (FSH, LH and E2) and blood lipid (TC, LDL C, HDL C and TG) levels were detected before and after treatment. Results: After 30 sessions of treatment, the total effective rates of treatment and control groups were 82.29% and 76.02% respectively, with the former being significantly higher than the later (P<0.01). In comparison with pre treatment of each group, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luterotropic hormone (LH) levels lowered significantly; serum estradiol (E 2) increased remarkably (P<0.05-0.01); serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C) of two groups raised significantly (P<0.05-0.01), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) C of treatment group decreased evidently (P<0.05). In addition, the improvement of complaints of hot flushes, sweating, paresthesia, insomnia and emotional irritability in treatment group is significantly better than that of control group. Conclusion: Auricular acupuncture combined with body acupuncture has a better therapeutic effect than that of simple body acupuncture in the treatment of climacteric syndrome.

The age at natural menopause and the frequency of climacteric symptoms in Chinese women

Objectives: To estimate the age at natural menopause and the frequency of climacteric symptoms in Chinese women.Design: A cross-sectional study of randomly recruited 788 women, aged 45 to 55 years in Beijing.Results: The mean age at natural menopause was 48. 2 years. there was a trend that women with more parities, more babies breast fed or longer duration of breastfeeding had a delayed age at natural menopause. Higher socio-economic status was related to a later cessetion of menstruation. Vasomotor and psychological symptoms increased during menopause transition. However, psychological disorders tended to decrease after the menopause. Bone-joint problems were inversely associated with daily activi-ty or physical exercise. Perimenopausal women experienced the most frequent climacteric symptoms.Conclusion: The menopausal age was influenced by reproductive factors and socio-economic status-Vasomotor and psychological symptoms were associated with the menopausal status. However, bone-joint problems was not.

Differences in Male Climacteric Symptoms and Lifestyle Depending on the Duration of Working among Rotating Night Shift Workers

Background: There are various health problems in rotating shift workers. There have been few studies on the associations of male climacteric symptoms with duration of working and lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in male climacteric symptoms depending on the number of working years and to determine whether lifestyle habits differ depending on the number of working years in rotating shift workers. Methods: We collected participant’s data from the manufacturing companies in Japan during the period from March to May in 2017. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey in 1561 male rotating night shift workers. Male climacteric symptoms were evaluated by using the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) rating scale. We analyzed 636 rotating shift workers aged over 40 years old whose all AMS data was collected. Results: A significant difference in psychological AMS score was found between men who had worked for 10 - 19 years (9.4 ± 3.9) and men who had worked for more than 40 years (7.6 ± 3.0) (p = 0.011). Sexual functional AMS score significantly differed depending on the number of working years (less than 10 years: 8.1 ± 3.9, 10 - 19 years: 9.8 ± 4.1, 20 - 29 years: 7.9 ± 3.3, 30 - 39 years: 9.3 ± 3.5, more than 40 years: 9.3 ± 3.5) (p < 0.001). The proportion of workers with a balanced meal intake was significantly lower in men who had worked for less than 10 years and the proportions of such workers were significantly higher in men who had worked for 10 - 19 years and for more than 40 years. The proportions of men who did not drink alcohol were high in men who had worked for less than 10 years and 20 - 29 years and low in men who had worked more than 30 years. Conclusion: Psychological AMS score and sexual functional AMS score are significantly different among the 5 groups according to the number of working years on rotating shift. In addition, well-balanced diet on day shift and reduction of alcohol drinking is a related-factor for long-term rotating night shift workers.

Clinical efficacy of anti-Mullerian hormone inspection in supporting diagnosis for climacteric disorders

The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) level decreases in menopause. However, the problem of these hormones should be determined by strict timing of sampling, and there are individual specificities of decreases of hormone levels. We considered that anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can be measured at any time of the menstrual cycle and that it shows ovary functional decline earlier than FSH/E2, and we examined whether AMH would possibly become a good index for climacteric disorders. The subjects were 163 healthy females and 21 patients with climacteric disorders between 20 and 59 years old. We examined AMH, FSH and E2 at the same time. It is understood that in healthy females, AMH decreases with age and a decline in ovary function occurs at a relatively early age. Patients visiting clinics for climacteric disorders often have normal-range serum FSH/E2 levels, and it is clear that these values could not serve as indices of menopause at these inspections. Upon measurement of AMH in patients with climacteric disorders, most showed less than normal range (< 14 pmol/L), suggesting a decline in ovarian function. In addition, AMH was low in females with climacteric disorders compared with those without them. In conclusion, AMH was suggested as an objective index for climacteric disorders and possibly as a new diagnostic marker.

Menopausal Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Women in Climacteric Period Treated at a Clinic in Southern Brazil

Background: This study aims to understand the relationship between menopausal status and the presence of Metabolic Syndrome in women from 40 to 65 years, as well as to describe the distribution of each component of Metabolic Syn- drome according to sample characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 551 women treated at a clinic in southern Brazil. MetS and its components were defined according to NCEP-ATP III and menopausal status as pre, peri, and post-menopause. Prevalences of menopausal status and of MetS and its components were calculated. Estimates of prevalence ratios crude and adjusted with confidence intervals of 95% were calculated by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics were considered as potential confounding factors in multivariable models based on a conceptual framework of MetS determination. Results: The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the sample was 56.1% (CI95%: 51.9 to 60.2), being more common among older women (56 to 65 years), with low education, menarche 11 years old, with three or more pregnancies and in the post-menopausal period. In multivariate analysis, there was an increase of prevalence ratios when comparing perimenopause and post-menopause with pre-menopause;however, the confidence intervals include the unit. Regarding the analysis of isolated components in the sample, the most prevalent altered components were: hypertension (84.8%;CI95%: 81.7 to 87.8), waist circumference (66.4%;CI95%: 62.5 to 70.4) and HDL cholesterol (51.7%;CI95%: 47.5 to 55.9). There was a linear increase on mean blood glucose through menopausal status. Conclusions: Our study indicates variation on the distribution of MetS and each component according to menopausal status and other women characteristics. Future studies on MetS should also have foresight to use this type of approach to improve understanding and targeting of actions and programs focusing on women in this period of life.

Depression in Climacteric Women:Most Meaningful Symptoms

Background: With population aging occurring worldwide, promoting climacteric women’s health has become the object of important studies. Purpose: Observing the prevalence of depression in climacteric women and their self-evaluation of the depression factors is the main goal of this study. Design: This cross-sectional research is enquiry descriptive. Methods: The sample was composed of 48 climacteric women (between 45 and 65 years old) non-selected volunteers, served by the Centers for Psycho and Social Attention (CAPS) of Specialized Mental Medicine, in Sorocaba, via the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Results: Checking the mean and frequency distribution, the climacteric women presented a prevalence of 37.5% of moderate depression (BDIindex = 24.39 ± 3.13), and 47.92% of severe depression (BDIindex = 38.13 ± 6.78). Concerning the symptoms, Spearman rank order correlation was found as the highest concerns, hierarchically: indecision (r = 0.72, p Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in these CAPS climacteric women was considered very high (86% ranking from moderate to severe) caused mostly by indecision, anhedonia, guilt, crying and self-esteem, followed by inutility, self-criticism and loss of concentration.

Effect of Zuogui Pill(左归丸) on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Sex Hormones in Climacteric Rats with Panic Attack

Objective： To explore the effects of Chinese medicine prescription Zuogui Pill（左归丸, ZGP） on monoamine neurotransmitters and sex hormones in climacteric rats with induced panic attacks. Methods： Forty-eight climacteric female rats were randomized into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group： the control group, the model group, the low-, medium- and high-dose ZGP groups and the alprazolam group. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose ZGP groups were administered 4.725, 9.45, or 18.9 g/kg ZGP by gastric perfusion, respectively. The alprazolam group was treated by gastric perfusion with 0.036 mg/kg alprazolam. The control and model groups were treated with distilled water. The animals were pretreated once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. The behaviors of rats in the open field test and the elevated T-maze（ETM） were observed after induced panic attack, and the levels of brain monoamine neurotransmitters and the plasma levels of sex hormones were measured. Results： Compared with the control group, the mean ETM escape time and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and noradrenalin（NE） of the model group were significantly reduced（P〈0.05）, Compared with the model group, the mean ETM escape time and the 5-HT and NE levels of all the ZGP groups increased significantly（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. However, no significant difference was observed in the levels of sex hormones between the groups. Conclusion： Pretreatment with ZGP in climacteric rats may improve the behavior of panic attack, which may be related to increased 5-HT and NE in the brain.

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE REGULATION OF CLIMACTERIC FRUIT RIPENING:HORMONE,TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS

Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process made up of genetically programmed physiological and biochemical activities.It culminates in desirable changes in the structural and textural properties and is governed by a complex regulatory network.Much is known about ethylene,one of the most important metabolites promoting the ripening of climacteric fruits.However,the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part.Additional regulatory factors such as transcription factors(TFs)and epigenetic modifications also play vital role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening.Here,we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network comprising interactions between hormones and the action of TFs and epigenetic modifications during climacteric fruit ripening.

Changes of Leucocytic Estrogen Receptor Levels in Patients with Climacteric Syndrome and the Therapeutic Effects of Liuwei Dihuang Pil

he levels of estrogen receptor (ER) in human peripheral leucocytes in 22 women withclimacteric syndrome were measured by radioligand method. The results were compared with those of 12healthy women of child-bearing age. It was found that the contents of leucocytic ER in patients with cli-macteric syndrome were significantly lower than healthy women of child-bearing age (372±149 vs 1143±255 Rs binding sites/cell). The authors used a Chinese prescription---Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LDP) totreat the patients for 2 months. The levels of leucocytic ER were increased affer treatment. The data indi-cate a decrease of ER Ievels in leucocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome.LDP not only increase plasma estradiol levels , but also increase the leucocytic ER levels. This may be thebasis of the therapeutic effect of LDP on climacteric syndrome.

Advances in the Pathogenesis of Perimenopausal Syndrome

Perimenopause syndrome refers to the syndrome of the disorders of multiple systems of women around menopause caused by the reduction in secreted estrogen and is also known as menopause syndrome.Its pathogenesis involves increasing age,the abatement of ovarian function,and psychological change caused by the increasing life pressure.The above factors lead to physical and mental changes in postmenopausal women.This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of perimenopause from the perspective of gene studies and existing experimental studies and provide some ideas for clinical treatment and research.

加味二仙汤治疗更年期综合征不寐症156例

[目的]观察加味二仙汤治疗更年期综合征的不寐症临床疗效。[方法]将294例随机分为两组,治疗组156例用加味二仙汤治疗,对照组138例口服地西泮治疗。[结果]总有效率治疗组91.03%,对照组83.33%,两组近期疗效比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。随访3月,复发率治疗组为15.28%,对照组为45.83%,两组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。[结论]加味二仙汤治疗更年期综合征的不寐症有较满意疗效。

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture in the treatment of menopausal insomnia

Objective:We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of climacteric insomnia compared with western medicine through a comprehensive metaanalysis.Methods:Literature retrieval,research selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate.Effect-size estimates are expressed as risk ratio(RR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Summary data from 27 articles,involving a total of 2349 menopausal women,were meta-analyzed.The overall analysis showed that the clinical cure rate(RR=1.85,95%CI:1.57~2.18,P<0.001)of acupuncture was 1.85 times higher than western medicine,and the markedly effective rate was 1.3 times higher than that of westernmedicine(RR=1.30,95%CI:1.09~1.54,P=0.003).In terms of Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index((PSQI)),simple acupuncture is superior to western medicine in sleep quality,falling asleep time,sleep time,sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction.In the evaluation of adverse reactions,the incidence of adverse events in the acupuncture-related therapy group(3.5%)was lower than that in the western medicine group(12.5%).Conclusion:The results of metaanalysis show that the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of climacteric insomnia is better than that of western medicine which has better efficacy and safety.The acupuncture therapy is suitable for clinical.

Experience of Menopause for Women in the Niamey Region, Republic of Niger

Introduction: Menopause is poorly documented in Africa. For most of the women living there, the experience of this period does not seem to be very problematic. For women living in rural areas, other concerns are more prominent. Methods: The study was prospective, quantitative and qualitative about 500 cases collected over a period of 6 months. The study involved postmenopausal women in the Niamey region of public services, in certain residential areas, or accompanying people in health structures. Parameters taken into account were sociocultural, antecedents, experience, knowledge, and management of menopause. The data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Office Word 2010 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. Results: The average age was 56.4 years with extremes of 40 and 80 years;57% were still living with their husbands and 39% widows;60.2% housewives;53% uneducated, 17% have higher education;60.2% had had at least 6 children and 39.6% had used contraception. The comorbidities observed were arterial hypertension (24.4%) and diabetes (7%). As for the representation that women made of menopause, for all of them, this stage is the beginning of old age. The most frequent signs were asthenia (86.2%) and mood disorders (70.6%). Almost all of the patients (99.8%) had not used hormonal treatment for the menopause and among them 27% the management of the menopause was with traditional means. Conclusion: Menopausal disorders are certainly a reality in our socio-cultural context. They are not a primary concern either through ignorance or resignation of the women concerned.

Effect of daily supplementation of soy isoflavones on hot flashes and night sweats in African menopausal women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (Inoclim?) 40 mg per capsule of soy extract rich in daidzin and genistin) on the number of hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal African women. This open, prospective, multicenter study involved 140 menopausal women with climacteric symptoms (i.e., a minimum of five hot flashes and/or moderate to severe night sweats per day). These patients received a daily 40-mg supplement of soy isoflavone contained in an Inoclim? capsule (Laboratoire Innotech International, France). The dose was increased to two capsules per day when there were more than five hot flashes or when the women could not sleep because of night sweats. The patients were followed up over a 4-month period and data were analyzed using EPI-InfoTM version 3.5.1. The outcome measure was fewer hot flashes and night sweats. The mean daily number of episodes of hot flashes was 5.7 at baseline and 1.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 68.4% (n = 93 patients at baseline and n = 66 at 16 weeks). The mean number of daily episodes of night sweats was 3.7 at baseline and 0.8 at week 16, corresponding to a decrease of 78.4% (n = 127 patients in the first week and n = 73 at 16 weeks). Over 80% of patients took a single one 40 mg capsule per day. The percentage of patients who adhered to the prescription was more than 95% during the 4-month follow-up period. These results confirm the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical grade isoflavone supplement (40 mg, rich in genistin and daidzin) on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women.

Role of ethylene response factors(ERFs)in fruit ripening

The ethylene response factors(ERFs)belong to the APETALA2/ethylene response factor(AP2/ERF)superfamily and act downstream of the ethylene signalling pathway to regulate the expression of ethylene responsive genes.In different species,ERFs have been reported to be involved in plant development,flower abscission,fruit ripening,and defense responses.In this review,based on the new progress made by recent studies,we summarize the specific role and mode of action of ERFs in regulating different aspects of ripening in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits,and provide new insights into the role of ethylene in non-climacteric fruit ripening.

Effect of Acupoint Catgut-Embedding on the Quality of Life,Reproductive Endocrine and Bone Metabolism of Postmenopausal Women

Objective： To observe the influence of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy on the quality of life （QOL）,the reproductive endocrine and bone metabolism of postmenopausal women.Methods：AA ttoottaall of 65 women with climacteric syndrome were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups,thirty-three in the treatment group on whom acupoint catgut-embedding was performed with Shenshu （BL23）,Sanyinjiao （SP6） and Guanyuan （CV4） as main acupoints,and thirty-two in the control group who were only medicated with Fufuchun Capsule （妇复春胶囊））..The treatment course for both groups was 3 months.Before and aafftteerr treatment,the clinical symptoms,the QOL score,serum follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）,luteinizing hormone （LH）,eessttrraaddiiooll （（EE 2 ）,testosterone （T）,osteocalcin （BGP）,parathyroid hormone （PTH）,,ccaallcciittoonniinn （CT） aaannnddd alkaline phosphatase （AKP） were measured.In addition,another 28 women with childbearing potential and normal regular menstrual cycle were selected and the reproductive endocrine hormone were tested in the ovulatory period as controls.Results： The levels of serum FSH and LH of postmenopausal women were higher,and serum E 2 and T were lower than those of normal women （P〈00..0011））..After treatment,the levels of serum EE 2 in both groups and T in the treatment group were increased,while in the control group the serum E 2 increase was more significant than that in the treatment group （P〈0.05）,and serum T showed no statistical difference.The levels of serum FSH,LH,BGP,CT,PTH and AKP were reduced significantly in both groups after treatment （P〈00..0055））..The QOL scores were increased remarkably in both groups on physiological functioning,bbooddiillyy pain,general health,vitality,and mental health after treatment （P〈00..0055））,,but the improvement of bodily ppaaiinn and mental health in the treatment group were better than those in the control group （P〈0.01）.There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups after treatment （P〉00..0055））..Conclusions： Acupoint catgut-embedding showed an obvious effect on climacteric syndrome,and enhanced the QOL in postmenopausal women.The therapy could regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to raise the serum E 2 level which may be significant in preventing and curing the osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.