Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Prognosis for Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population

It is unanimously accepted that stroke is a highly heterogeneous disorder. Different subtypes of ischemic stroke may have different risk factors, clinical features, and prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognoses of different subtypes of ischemic stroke defined by the Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST） criteria. We prospectively analyzed the data from 530 consecutive patients who were admitted to our hospital with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days of stroke onset during the study period. Standardized data assessment was used and the cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Patients were followed up till 30 and 90 days after stroke onset. It was found that large-artery atherosclerosis was the most frequent etiology of stroke （37.4%）, and showed the highest male preponderance, the highest prevalence of previous transient ischemic attack, and the longest hospital stay among all subtypes. Small artery disease （36.4%） was associated with higher body mass index, higher plasma triglycerides, and lower plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than cardioembolism. Cardioembolism （7.7%）, which was particularly common in the elderly （i.e., individuals aged 65 years and older）, showed the highest female preponderance, the highest prevalence of atrial fibrillation, the earliest presentation to hospital after stroke onset, the most severe symptoms on admission, the maximum complications associated with an adverse outcome, and the highest rate of stroke recurrence and mortality. Our results suggest that ischemic stroke should be regarded as a highly heterogeneous disorder. Studies involving risk factors, clinical features, and prognoses of ischemic stroke should differentiate between etiologic stroke subtypes.

Focus on laboratory tests related to the pathological types of lupus nephritis to implement renal biopsy as early as possible:clinical and pathological analysis of 217 cases of single center lupus nephritis

Objective:To analyze the clinical and laboratory indices of patients with lupus nephritis(LN)of different pathological types and explore the related factors of LN pathological classification,it is helpful to grasp the timing of renal biopsy.Methods:The clinical manifestations,laboratory parameters and renal pathological types of LN patients in recent 20 years were analyzed retrospectively by SPSS 26.0 software.Results:In this study,the first three pathological types were V,IV,V+IV;latent nephritis was common in type II and V;nephritic syndrome was common in type V;nephrotic syndrome was common in type V+IV;chronic renal insufficiency group was mostly type IV;pathological types were correlated with serum creatinine,C3,albumin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(r=0.315,P<0.001),and serum creatinine was moderately correlated(r=0.315,P<0.001);AI,CI and SLEDAI scores were significantly different among LN patients of different pathological types.Conclusion:LN is closely related to clinical pathology,clinical manifestations,comprehensive analysis of laboratory indicators and SLEDAI score to make a preliminary prediction of LN pathological type,help to initially assess the severity of pathology,improve the timing of renal biopsy implementation,optimize the timing of treatment.

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: clinical features and pathological characteristics in Chinese

Background Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG), once recognized as a rare glomerular disease, has been reported around the world in recent years. In this study, we reported 8 patients of LPG and aimed to explore the clinical features and pathological characteristics of LPG under light microscope, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscope.Methods Clinical manifestations were recorded on the day of renal biopsy. Biochemical patterns of lipids and lipoproteins were detected by routine examination. Plasma concentrations of apo B and apo E were determined by radial immunodiffusion assays. Biopsy specimens were then processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemical staining for immunoglobulins and complement components, and electron microscopy. Glomerular deposition of apo A, B, and E were detected using monoclonal antibodies on cryostatic sections.Results All of the eight patients presented with edema, microscopic hematuria, severe proteinuria, anemia, and enlarged kidney size. Biochemical profiles revealed high levels of triglycerides, apo B, and apo E. We noted increments of glomerular size and lipoprotein thrombi occupying capillary lumina in the glomeruli of all patients. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the thrombi were strongly positive for apo A, B, and E. Granules and various sizes of vacuoles were observed in the thrombi under electron microscope.Conclusion Compared with previous reports on LPG in other countries, unique clinical and pathological features were found in this group of Chinese LPG patients.

Clinical and pathological features of Devic’s neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND：Devic＇s neuromyelitis optica （DNMO） and multiple sclerosis in Asian populations have been considered to be the same disease. However, there is an increasing number of studies suggesting that DNMO and multiple sclerosis are different diseases.OBJECTIVE：Little information is available regarding comparisons of DNMO patients between China and other countries, as well as clinical manifestations of Chinese patients with DNMO and multiple sclerosis. The present study performed a multi-center, pathological, retrospective analysis.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A retrospective analysis of clinical data from seven patients with DNMO diagnosed between 1957 and 1998.PARTICIPANTS：Data from Chinese DNMO patients was provided by the Shanghai Second Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in China.METHODS：Clinical and pathological data from Chinese patients with DNMO were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of DNMO were compared between Chinese and Caucasian patients. In addition, clinical and pathological differences between DNMO and multiple sclerosis Chinese patients were compared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Clinical and pathological features of Chinese patients with DNMO.RESULTS：All seven Chinese patients with DNMO exhibited abrupt onset of vision disturbance, with a disease course of 3 clays to 9 years. DNMO recurred in two of the patients. Demyelinating lesions were observed in all patients, with necrotic lesions and gitter cells in five patients, collagenous hyperplasia in one patient, and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration in six patients. Comparison between Chinese and Caucasian DNMO patients revealed no significant differences in age at onset, clinical onset, duration, or interval between optic neuritis and myelitis. Compared with Chinese multiple sclerosis patients, Chinese DNMO patients presented with fewer recurrences, higher occurrence of necrosis, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and gitter cells, and a lower occurrence of collagenous hyperplasia.CONCLUSION：There was no difference in DNMO clinical features between Chinese and Caucasian patients. However, the clinical and pathological features of DNMO were different compared with multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients. Results suggested that the characteristics of DNMO in Chinese patients were significantly different than multiple sclerosis.

Clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all around the world.According to the latest statistics in 2018,there were more than 2.08 million new breast cancer cases all around the world and more than 620000 deaths;the proportion of breast cancer deaths in women with cancer is 15%.By studying age,clinicopathological characteristics and molecular classification,age at menarche,age at birth,number of births,number of miscarriages,lactation time,surgical history of benign breast lesions,history of gynecological diseases,and other factors,we retrospectively summarized and compared the disease history of patients with primary breast cancer and patients with benign thyroid tumors admitted to our hospital in the past 10 years to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors for primary breast cancer.AIM To investigate the clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer treated at our center in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region.METHODS Through a retrospective case-control study,149 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed and treated at Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to March 2020 were included as a case group,and 165 patients with benign breast tumors diagnosed and treated from January 2019 to March 2020 were included as a control group.The data collected included age,age at menarche,age at first birth,number of births,number of miscarriages,lactation time,history of surgery for benign breast lesions,history of familial malignant tumors,history of gynecological diseases,history of thyroid diseases,and the tumor characteristics of the patients in the case group including pathological diagnosis,pathological type,tumor size,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,stage,and molecular classification,among others.In the case group,the chi-square test was used to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients in three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years).A multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze correlations between the two groups.RESULTS Among 149 patients with primary breast cancer,the average age was 48.20±12.06 years,and the proportion of patients at 40-59 years old was the highest,accounting for 61.8%of cases.The molecular type was mainly luminal B type,accounting for 69.2%of cases,and at the time of diagnosis,the tumor stage was mainly stage I/II,accounting for 62.4%of cases.There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of tumor location,pathological type,tumor size,lymph node metastasis,stage,or molecular classification among the three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years)(P≥0.05).The differences in the distribution of distant metastasis among the three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years)were statistically significant(P<0.01).The differences in lactation time,history of familial malignant tumors,history of gynecological diseases,and history of thyroid diseases between the two groups were not statistically significant(P≥0.05).The differences in age at disease diagnosis,age at menarche,and history of surgery for benign breast lesions were statistically significant(P<0.01).The difference in age at first birth was also statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The highest incidence of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region is present among women aged 40-59 years.There is a larger proportion of stage I/II patients,and the luminal B type is the most common molecular subtype.Distant metastasis occurs mainly in the≥60-year-old group at the first diagnosis;increased age,late age at menarche,and late age at first birth may be risk factors for primary breast cancer,and a history of surgery for benign breast lesions may be a protective factor for primary breast cancer.

Clinical manifestations,diagnosis and long-term prognosis of adult autoimmune enteropathy:Experience from Peking Union Medical College Hospital

BACKGROUND Autoimmune enteropathy(AIE)is a rare disease whose diagnosis and long-term prognosis remain challenging,especially for adult AIE patients.AIM To improve overall understanding of this disease’s diagnosis and prognosis.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical,endoscopic and histopathological characteristics and prognoses of 16 adult AIE patients in our tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2023,whose diagnosis was based on the 2007 diagnostic criteria.RESULTS Diarrhea in AIE patients was characterized by secretory diarrhea.The common endoscopic manifestations were edema,villous blunting and mucosal hyperemia in the duodenum and ileum.Villous blunting(100%),deep crypt lymphocytic infiltration(67%),apoptotic bodies(50%),and mild intraepithelial lymphocytosis(69%)were observed in the duodenal biopsies.Moreover,there were other remarkable abnormalities,including reduced or absent goblet cells(duodenum 94%,ileum 62%),reduced or absent Paneth cells(duodenum 94%,ileum 69%)and neutrophil infiltration(duodenum 100%,ileum 69%).Our patients also fulfilled the 2018 diagnostic criteria but did not match the 2022 diagnostic criteria due to undetectable anti-enterocyte antibodies.All patients received glucocorticoid therapy as the initial medication,of which 14/16 patients achieved a clinical response in 5(IQR:3-20)days.Immunosuppressants were administered to 9 patients with indications of steroid dependence(6/9),steroid refractory status(2/9),or intensified maintenance medication(1/9).During the median of 20.5 months of followup,2 patients died from multiple organ failure,and 1 was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.The cumulative relapse-free survival rates were 62.5%,55.6%and 37.0%at 6 months,12 months and 48 months,respectively.CONCLUSION Certain histopathological findings,including a decrease or disappearance of goblet and Paneth cells in intestinal biopsies,might be potential diagnostic criteria for adult AIE.The long-term prognosis is still unsatisfactory despite corticosteroid and immunosuppressant medications,which highlights the need for early diagnosis and novel medications.

Pathological Voice Classification Based on Features Dimension Opti mization

The classification of pathological voice from healthy voice was studied based upon 27 acoustic features derived from a single sound signal of vowel /a:/. First, the feature space was transferred to reduce the data dimension by principle component analysis (PCA). Then the voice samples were classified according to the reduced PCA parameters by support vector machine (SVM) using radial basis function (RBF) as a kernel function. Meanwhile, by changing the ratio of opposite class samples, the accuracy under different features combinations was tested. Experimental data were provided by the voice database of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) in which 216 vowel /a:/ samples were collected from subjects of healthy and pathological cases, and tested with 5 fold cross-validation method. The result shows the positive rate of pathological voices was improved from 92% to 98% through the PCA method. STD, Fatr, Tasm, NHR, SEG, and PER are pathology sensitive features in illness detection. Using these sensitive features the accuracy of detection of pathological voice from healthy voice can reach 97%.

Value of α-fetoprotein in association with clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To explore the relationship between α-fetoprotein(AFP) and various clinicopathological variables and different staging system of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) thoroughly.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2008 and December 2009 in West China Hospital was enrolled in our study.The association of serum AFP values with the HCC clinicopathological features was analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis,such as status of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection,tumor size,tumor number,vascular invasion and degree of tumor differentiation.Also,patients were divided into four groups at the time of enrollment according to different cutoff values for serum value of AFP(≤ 20 μg/L,21-400 μg/L,401-800 μg/L,and ≥ 801 μg/L),to compare the positive rate of patient among four groups stratified by various clinicopathological variables.And the correlation of different kinds of tumor staging systems,such as TNM,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) staging classification and China staging,were compared with the serum concentration of AFP.RESULTS:A total of 2304 HCC patients were enrolled in this study totally;the mean serum level of AFP was 555.3 ± 546.6 μg/L.AFP levels were within the normal range(< 20 μg/L) in 27.4%(n = 631) of all the cases.81.4%(n = 1875) patients were infected with HBV,and those patients had much higher serum AFP level compared with non-HBV infection ones(573.9 ± 547.7 μg/L vs 398.4 ± 522.3 μg/L,P < 0.001).The AFP level in tumors ≥ 10 cm(808.4 ± 529.2 μg/L) was significantly higher(P < 0.001) than those with tumor size 5-10 cm(499.5 ± 536.4 μg/L) and with tumor size ≤ 5 cm(444.9 ± 514.2 μg/L).AFP levels increased significantly in patients with vascular invasion(694.1 ± 546.9 μg/L vs 502.1 ± 543.1 μg/L,P < 0.001).Patients with low tumor cell differentiation(559.2 ± 545.7 μg/L) had the significantly(P = 0.007) highest AFP level compared with high differentiation(207.3 ± 420.8 μg/L) and intermediate differentiation(527.9 ± 538.4 μg/L).In the multiple variables analysis,low tumor cell differentiation [OR 6.362,95%CI:2.891-15.382,P = 0.006] and tumor size(≥ 10 cm)(OR 5.215,95%CI:1.426-13.151,P = 0.012) were independent predictors of elevated AFP concentrations(AFP > 400 μg/L).Serum AFP levels differed significantly(P < 0.001) in the D stage of BCLC(625.7 ± 529.8 μg/L) compared with stage A(506.2 ± 537.4 μg/L) and B(590.1 ± 551.1 μg/L).CONCLUSION:HCC differentiation,size and vascular invasion have strong relationships with AFP,poor differentiation and HCC size ≥ 10 cm are independent predictors of elevated AFP.BCLC shows better relationship with

Relationship between autophagy and perineural invasion, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in pancreatic cancer

AIM To investigate the relationship between autophagy and perineural invasion(PNI), clinical features, and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected from 109 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2011 to August 2016. Expression levels of the autophagy-related protein microtubuleassociated protein 1 A/1 B-light chain 3(LC3) and PNI marker ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase(UCH) in pancreatic cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlations among LC3 expression, PNI, and clinical pathological features in pancreatic cancer were analyzed. The patients were followed for further survival analysis. RESULTS In 109 cases of pancreatic cancer, 68.8%(75/109) had evidence of PNI and 61.5%(67/109) had high LC3 expression. PNI was associated with lymph node metastasis, pancreatitis, and CA19-9 levels(P < 0.05). LC3 expression was related to lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with neural invasion(P < 0.05, r = 0.227). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that LC3 expression, lymph node metastasis, pancreatitis, and CA19-9 level were factors that influenced neural invasion, whereas only neural invasion itself was an independent factor for high LC3 expression. Univariate analysis showed that LC3 expression, neural invasion, and CA19-9 level were related to the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients(P < 0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that PNI and LC3 expression were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PNI in patients with pancreatic cancer is positively related to autophagy. Neural invasion and LC3 expression are independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer with a poor prognosis.

Osteoclastic and pleomorphic giant cell tumors of the pancreas:A review of clinical,endoscopic,and pathologic features

Giant cell tumors of the pancreas come in three varieties-osteoclastic,pleomorphic,and mixed histology.These tumors have distinctive endoscopic,clinical,and cytological features.Giant cell tumors have a controversial histogenesis,with some authors favoring an epithelial origin and others favoring a mesenchymal origin.The true origin of these lesions remains unclear at this time.These are also very rare tumors but proper identification and differentiation from more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma is important.The risk factors of these tumors and the prognosis may be different from those associated with standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Recognition of these differences can significantly affect patient care.These lesions have a unique appearance when imaged with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),and these lesions can be diagnosed via EUS guided Fine Needle Aspiration(FNA).This manuscript will review the endoscopic,clinical,and pathologic features of these tumors.

Pathological,molecular,and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma:A comprehensive review

Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive cancers that may arise anywhere within the biliary tree.There is a wide geographical variation with regards to its incidence,and risk-factor associations which may include liver fluke infection,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and hepatolithiasis amongst others.These tumours are classified into intrahepatic,perihilar and distal based on their anatomical location.Morphologically,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further sub-classified into small and large duct variants.Perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinomas are usually mucin-producing tubular adenocarcinomas.Cholangiocarcinomas develop through a multistep carcinogenesis and are preceded by dysplastic and in situ lesions.While clinical characteristics and management of these tumours have been extensively elucidated in literature,their ultra-structure and tumour biology remain relatively unknown.This review focuses on the current knowledge of pathological characteristics,molecular alterations of cholangiocarcinoma,and its precursor lesions(including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasm).

Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated colitis: Characterization of clinical, histologic features, and their associations with liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)associated inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a unique form of IBD(PSC-IBD)with distinct clinical and histologic features from ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn disease(CD).In patients with PSC and IBD,the severity of the two disease processes may depend on each other.AIM To study the histologic and clinical features of PSC patients with and without IBD.METHODS We assessed specimens from patients with UC(n=28),CD(n=10),PSC and UC(PSC-UC;n=26);PSC and CD(PSC-CD;n=6);and PSC and no IBD(PSC-no IBD;n=4)between years 1999-2013.PSC-IBD patients were matched to IBD patients without PSC by age and colitis duration.Clinical data including age,gender,age at IBD and PSC diagnoses,IBD duration,treatment,follow-up,orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)were noted.RESULTS PSC-UC patients had more isolated right-sided disease(P=0.03),and less active inflammation in left colon,rectum(P=0.03 and P=0.0006),and overall(P=0.0005)compared to UC.They required less steroids(P=0.01)and fewer colectomies(P=0.03)than UC patients.The PSC-CD patients had more ileitis and less rectal involvement compared to PSC-UC and CD.No PSC-CD patients required OLT compared to 38%of PSC-UC(P=0.1).PSC-IBD(PSC-UC and PSCCD)patients with OLT had severe disease in the left colon and rectum(P=0.04).CONCLUSION PSC-UC represents a distinct form of IBD.The different disease phenotype in PSC-IBD patients with OLT may support liver-gut axis interaction,however warrants clinical attention and further research.

Clinicopathological Features of Renal Amyloidosis: A Single-center Study on 47 Cases

The correlations between the clinicopathological features and the long-term outcomes of renal amyloidosis（RA） were analyzed with a view to develop strategies for improving diagnosis and prognosis of RA. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of 47 patients diagnosed with RA between 2004 and 2014 at the Wuhan Union Hospital. The data on the renal histology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of RA patients were retrieved from the hospital records and characteristic patterns were identified. The histological changes in the kidneys were correlated with the clinical manifestations of RA. Additionally, most RA patients in this study had decreased serum levels of κ light chain and increased urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as presence of M-protein in the urine and serum. Patients with early RA showed no specific pathognomonic symptoms. Bleeding associated with diagnostic renal biopsy was rare. We recommend that the routine work-up of patients aged over 40 years and presenting with non-diabetic nephropathy includes the non-invasive tests for the measurement of serum and urine levels of κ and λ light chains as well as protein electrophoresis tests for the presence of urinary and serum M-protein. Additionally, such patients should undergo renal biopsy screening with Cong-red staining to ensure early diagnosis of RA and improve their survival, since the risk of hemorrhage related to renal biopsy screening is low at early stages of RA.

Clinical and computed tomography features of adult abdominopelvic desmoplastic small round cell tumor

To investigate the clinical and computed tomography(CT)features of desmoplastic small round cell tumor(DSRCT),we retrospectively analyzed the clinical presentations,treatment and outcome,as well as CT manifestations of four cases of DSRCT confirmed by surgery and pathology.The CT manifestations of DSRCT were as follows:(1)multiple soft-tissue masses or diffuse peritoneal thickening in the abdomen and pelvis,with the dominant mass usually located in the pelvic cavity;(2)masses without an apparent organbased primary site;(3)mild to moderate homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement in solid area on enhanced CT;and(4)secondary manifestations,such as ascites,hepatic metastases,lymphadenopathy,hydronephrosis and hydroureter.The prognosis and overall survival rates were generally poor.Commonly used treatment strategies including aggressive tumor resection,polychemotherapy,and radiotherapy,showed various therapeutic effects.CT of DSRCT shows characteristic features that are helpful in diagnosis.Early discovery and complete resection,coupled with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,are important for prognosis of DSRCT.Whole abdominopelvic rather than locoregional radiotherapy is more effective for unresectable DSRCT.

Endoscopic and pathological characteristics of de novo colorectal cancer:Retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficult to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps and carcinoma in adenoma(CIA).The invasive depth and metastatic potential determine the operation regimen,which in turn affects the overall survival and distant prognosis.The previous studies have confirmed the malignant features and clinicopathological features of de novo colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To provide assistance for diagnosis and treatment,but the lack of a summary of endoscopic features and assessment of risk factors that differ from the CIA prompted us to conduct this retrospective study.METHODS In total,167 patients with small-sized CRCs diagnosed by endoscopy were reviewed.The patients diagnosed as advanced CRCs and other malignant cancers or chronic diseases that could affect distant outcomes were excluded.After screening,63 cases were excluded,including 33 de novo and 30 CIA cases.Patient information,including their follow-up information,was obtained from an electronic His-system.The characteristics between two group and risk factors for invasion depth were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS Nearly half of the de novo CRCs were smaller than 1 cm(n=16,48.5%)and the majority were located in the distal colon(n=26,78.8%).The IIc type was the most common macroscopic type of de novo CRC.In a Pearson analysis,the differential degree,Sano,JNET,and Kudo types,surrounding mucosa,and chicken skin mucosa(CSM)were correlated with the invasion depth(P<0.001).CSM was a significant risk factor for deep invasion and disturbed judgment of endoscopic ultrasound.A high degree of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are accompanied by malignancy.Finally,de novo CRCs have worse outcomes than CIA CRCs.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the features of de novo CRCs to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps.It is also the first study paying attention to CSM invasive depth measurement.This study emphasizes the high metastatic potential of de novo CRCs and highlights the need for more research on this tumor type.

狼疮性肾炎病理类型与实验室指标和临床特点关系研究

目的:探讨狼疮性肾炎(LN)病理类型与实验室指标和临床特点关系。方法:选自我院2020年1月至2023年2月LN患者406例作为研究对象,将LN分为六型,包括Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型和复合型,其中复合型为Ⅱ+Ⅴ型、Ⅲ+Ⅴ型、Ⅳ+Ⅴ型。分析LN临床分型与病理类型关系,LN临床表现与病理类型关系,LN活动性评分与病理类型的关系,LN病理活动指数与临床指标相关性。结果:LN患者406例中,以肾脏首发型273例占比最高,为67.24%,Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型和复合型高于Ⅲ型(P<0.05);无症状型Ⅱ型高于Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型和复合型(P<0.05);肾炎综合征Ⅲ型高于Ⅳ型(P<0.05);Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型和复合型肾病综合征高于Ⅱ型(P<0.05);Ⅳ型肾功能不全高于Ⅱ型(P<0.05)。Ⅳ型和复合型高血压检出率显著高于其它类型(P<0.05);Ⅳ型血尿高于其它类型(P<0.05);Ⅴ型、Ⅳ型和复合型低蛋白血症、大量蛋白尿高于Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型(P<0.05);Ⅳ型血肌酐高于其它类型(P<0.05);Ⅳ型贫血高于其它类型(P<0.05);不同病理类型抗ds-DNA抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其中抗ds-DNA抗体阳性率中以Ⅴ型最低、Ⅳ型最高;低C3检出率中,Ⅳ型高于其它类型(P<0.05);低C3和低C4检出率中,Ⅴ型低于其它类型(P<0.05)。相比于其他类型,Ⅳ型AI和SLEDAI评分最高(P<0.05);相比于其他类型,复合型CI评分最高(P<0.05)。AI与血小板计数、C3、C4呈线性负相关,与24Upro、SLEDAI呈线性正相关(P<0.05);肌酐与AI、CI均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:增殖型是LN常见病理类型,且最常见为Ⅳ型;LN病理类型与临床特点和实验室指标相关,值得临床借鉴。

CXCR2在食管癌组织中的表达及其对食管癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨CXC受体2(CXCR2)在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其对食管癌细胞生物学行为的影响。方法:收集手术切除的食管鳞癌组织74例作为研究组,其配对的癌旁正常食管组织74例作为对照组,采用免疫组织化学染色检测CXCR2的表达,比较研究组与对照组间CXCR2表达水平的差异,分析CXCR2表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。并采用CCK-8试剂盒、平板集落形成实验、细胞迁移和侵袭实验检测CXCR2拮抗剂SCH527123对食管癌细胞KYSE30生物学行为的影响。结果:与对照组比较,CXCR2在食管鳞癌研究组中的阳性表达率为73.0%(54/74),明显高于对照组13.5%(10/74),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=53.298,P=0.000)。CXCR2的表达与食管鳞癌分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关(χ^(2)=5.515,P=0.019;χ^(2)=7.320,P=0.007);与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大体分型、肿瘤直径、浸润深度、脉管瘤栓及神经侵犯均无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。在体外细胞实验中,与对照组相比,CXCR2拮抗剂SCH527123显著抑制食管癌细胞KYSE30的增殖、迁移和侵袭(均为P<0.05)。结论:CXCR2在食管鳞癌组织中表达上调且与患者的不良预后相关,CXCR2拮抗剂SCH527123可以抑制食管癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,推测CXCR2可能是食管癌潜在的预测和靶向治疗的分子标志物。

外阴良性肿瘤的病理特征及临床分析

目的 探讨外阴良性肿瘤的临床特点、病理特征及治疗预后,总结相关的临床诊治经验。方法 收集2018年1月至2022年12月因外阴肿物收入首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科微创中心住院治疗的24例经病理检查证实为外阴良性肿瘤患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。探讨发病年龄、临床症状体征、肿物性状特点、病理类型、治疗及转归情况。结果 24例患者中仅2例(8.3%)为多发病灶,其余患者均为单发。发病年龄为14~78岁,中位发病年龄为38岁,围绝经期患者2例(8.3%)。所有患者表现为自触和/或在妇科检查时发现外阴肿物,有2例伴异味及破溃;病程为2周~70年;3例表现为外阴囊性肿物,21例表现为外阴实性肿物(包括8例外阴皮赘),包块大小为0.5~8 cm。术后病理诊断为外阴软纤维瘤者8例,平滑肌瘤4例,外阴皮内痣、纤维瘤、乳头状汗腺腺瘤、血管肌纤维母细胞瘤各2例,多发鳞状细胞乳头状瘤、脂肪瘤、细胞性血管纤维瘤、孤立性纤维性肿瘤各1例。除1例外阴多发鳞状细胞乳头状瘤患者行单纯外阴切除术,其余患者均采用局部病灶切除术。术后随访3个月~5年,均未见复发。结论 外阴良性肿瘤多为单发,实性肿物多见,常无明显自觉症状,病理类型呈多样性,预后较好,建议尽早手术切除,术后加强随访。

miR-647、miR-122、KMT2D表达与前列腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性分析

目的探讨前列腺癌组织中微小RNA-647(miR-647)、微小RNA-122(miR-122)、组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶2D(KMT2D)与其临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法选取100例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象,均于术中采集肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织标本送检,统计肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织内miR-647、miR-122、KMT2D表达水平差异;分析miR-647、miR-122、KMT2D表达与肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、微血管侵犯等的关系;并随访2年,比较复发转移与未复发转移患者miR-647、miR-122、KMT2D表达间差异。结果肿瘤组织内miR-647表达水平为(0.62±0.13),低于癌旁正常组织的(1.02±0.19),miR-122、KMT2D表达水平为(6.45±1.24)、(1.45±0.23),低于对照组的(1.23±0.22)、(0.89±0.12)(P<0.05);肿瘤分期Ⅲ期、肿瘤直径≥3 cm、有淋巴结转移及有微血管侵犯患者miR-647表达水平低于肿瘤分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、肿瘤直径<3 cm、无淋巴结转移及无微血管侵犯患者,miR-122、KMT2D表达水平高于肿瘤分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、肿瘤直径<3 cm、无淋巴结转移及无微血管侵犯患者(P<0.05);100例患者术后随访2年,共出现24例复发转移,复发转移率为24.00%(24/100);复发转移患者miR-647表达水平为(0.51±0.11),低于未复发转移患者的(0.73±0.15),miR-122、KMT2D表达水平为(8.42±1.39)、(1.89±0.32),高于未复发转移患者的(4.68±1.02)、(1.12±0.15)(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌组织内miR-647、miR-122、KMT2D存在不同程度表达,均与肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径及淋巴结转移等关系密切,且可明显影响患者预后,还需临床高度重视。

甲状腺癌组织中TIPE2、LASP1蛋白表达与其临床病理特征及预后的相关性分析

目的探讨甲状腺癌组织内人肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白8样分子2(TIPE2)、LIM和SH3结构域蛋白1(LASP1)表达与其临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法回顾性分析81例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。所有患者采用手术治疗,术中切除病理标本后,再切除距离肿瘤2 cm以上的正常组织作为癌旁标本,术后及时送检。采用免疫组化法检测TIPE2、LASP1表达,比较肿瘤标本及癌旁标本内TIPE2、LASP1表达差异;比较TIPE2、LASP1表达与其临床病理特征相关性及其预后的相关性。结果肿瘤标本内TIPE2阳性表达率低于癌旁标本,LASP1阳性表达率高于癌旁标本,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TIPE2表达阳性组Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、淋巴结无转移、肿瘤直径<2 cm占比高于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LASP1表达阳性组Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥2 cm占比高于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访3年,81例患者共31例出现复发转移,预后不良发生率为38.27%(31/81);TIPE2表达阳性组预后不良5例(17.24%),阴性组预后不良26例(50.00%);TIPE2阳性组预后不良率低于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.457,P=0.004);LASP1表达阳性组预后不良率(45.00%)高于阴性组(19.05%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.435,P=0.035)。结论甲状腺癌组织内TIPE2阳性表达率较低,LASP1阳性表达较高,TIPE2、LASP1表达与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移及肿瘤直径关系密切,且TIPE2低表达、LASP1高表达患者预后较差。